Zitkala Sa

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Zitkala-Sa (1876-1938) was a Native American writer, editor, translator, musician, and political activist. Born on the Yankton Sioux Reservation in South Dakota, she was one of the first Native American women to chronicle her struggles with cultural identity, assimilation policies, and the marginalization of Indigenous peoples in the United States. Through her writings, speeches, and activism, Zitkala-Sa played a crucial role in advocating for Native American rights and preserving Indigenous culture. Zitkala-Sa's work vividly depicted the struggles of Native Americans, particularly in the face of forced assimilation. Her autobiographical essays, published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1900, provided a firsthand account of the trauma experienced by Indigenous children in boarding schools. These works, later compiled in American Indian Stories (1921), remain some of the most poignant narratives on Native American identity and resistance. Beyond her literary and musical contributions, Zitkala-Sa was a tireless activist. She co-founded the National Council of American Indians in 1926, advocating for Native American citizenship, voting rights, and cultural preservation. Her activism was instrumental in the passage of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, granting U.S. citizenship to Native Americans.