Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-Street
I
am a rather elderly man. The nature of my avocations for the last
thirty years has brought me into more than ordinary contact with
what
would seem an interesting and somewhat singular set of men, of whom
as yet nothing that I know of has ever been written:—I mean the
law-copyists or scriveners. I have known very many of them,
professionally and privately, and if I pleased, could relate divers
histories, at which good-natured gentlemen might smile, and
sentimental souls might weep. But I waive the biographies of all
other scriveners for a few passages in the life of Bartleby, who
was
a scrivener of the strangest I ever saw or heard of. While of other
law-copyists I might write the complete life, of Bartleby nothing
of
that sort can be done. I believe that no materials exist for a full
and satisfactory biography of this man. It is an irreparable loss
to
literature. Bartleby was one of those beings of whom nothing is
ascertainable, except from the original sources, and in his case
those are very small. What my own astonished eyes saw of
Bartleby,
that is all I know
of him, except, indeed, one vague report which will appear in the
sequel.Ere
introducing the scrivener, as he first appeared to me, it is fit I
make some mention of myself, my
employees, my
business, my chambers, and general surroundings; because some such
description is indispensable to an adequate understanding of the
chief character about to be presented.Imprimis:
I am a man who, from his youth upwards, has been filled with a
profound conviction that the easiest way of life is the best.
Hence,
though I belong to a profession proverbially energetic and nervous,
even to turbulence, at times, yet nothing of that sort have I ever
suffered to invade my peace. I am one of those unambitious lawyers
who never addresses a jury, or in any way draws down public
applause;
but in the cool tranquility of a snug retreat, do a snug business
among rich men's bonds and mortgages and title-deeds. All who know
me, consider me an eminently
safe man. The late
John Jacob Astor, a personage little given to poetic enthusiasm,
had
no hesitation in pronouncing my first grand point to be prudence;
my
next, method. I do not speak it in vanity, but simply record the
fact, that I was not unemployed in my profession by the late John
Jacob Astor; a name which, I admit, I love to repeat, for it hath a
rounded and orbicular sound to it, and rings like unto bullion. I
will freely add, that I was not insensible to the late John Jacob
Astor's good opinion.Some
time prior to the period at which this little history begins, my
avocations had been largely increased. The good old office, now
extinct in the State of New York, of a Master in Chancery, had been
conferred upon me. It was not a very arduous office, but very
pleasantly remunerative. I seldom lose my temper; much more seldom
indulge in dangerous indignation at wrongs and outrages; but I must
be permitted to be rash here and declare, that I consider the
sudden
and violent abrogation of the office of Master in Chancery, by the
new Constitution, as a—premature act; inasmuch as I had counted
upon a life-lease of the profits, whereas I only received those of
a
few short years. But this is by the way.My
chambers were up stairs at No.—Wall-street. At one end they looked
upon the white wall of the interior of a spacious sky-light shaft,
penetrating the building from top to bottom. This view might have
been considered rather tame than otherwise, deficient in what
landscape painters call "life." But if so, the view from
the other end of my chambers offered, at least, a contrast, if
nothing more. In that direction my windows commanded an
unobstructed
view of a lofty brick wall, black by age and everlasting shade;
which
wall required no spy-glass to bring out its lurking beauties, but
for
the benefit of all near-sighted spectators, was pushed up to within
ten feet of my window panes. Owing to the great height of the
surrounding buildings, and my chambers being on the second floor,
the
interval between this wall and mine not a little resembled a huge
square cistern.At
the period just preceding the advent of Bartleby, I had two persons
as copyists in my employment, and a promising lad as an office-boy.
First, Turkey; second, Nippers; third, Ginger Nut. These may seem
names, the like of which are not usually found in the Directory. In
truth they were nicknames, mutually conferred upon each other by my
three clerks, and were deemed expressive of their respective
persons
or characters. Turkey was a short, pursy Englishman of about my own
age, that is, somewhere not far from sixty. In the morning, one
might
say, his face was of a fine florid hue, but after twelve o'clock,
meridian—his dinner hour—it blazed like a grate full of Christmas
coals; and continued blazing—but, as it were, with a gradual
wane—till 6 o'clock, P.M. or thereabouts, after which I saw no more
of the proprietor of the face, which gaining its meridian with the
sun, seemed to set with it, to rise, culminate, and decline the
following day, with the like regularity and undiminished glory.
There
are many singular coincidences I have known in the course of my
life,
not the least among which was the fact, that exactly when Turkey
displayed his fullest beams from his red and radiant countenance,
just then, too, at that critical moment, began the daily period
when
I considered his business capacities as seriously disturbed for the
remainder of the twenty-four hours. Not that he was absolutely
idle,
or averse to business then; far from it. The difficulty was, he was
apt to be altogether too energetic. There was a strange, inflamed,
flurried, flighty recklessness of activity about him. He would be
incautious in dipping his pen into his inkstand. All his blots upon
my documents, were dropped there after twelve o'clock, meridian.
Indeed, not only would he be reckless and sadly given to making
blots
in the afternoon, but some days he went further, and was rather
noisy. At such times, too, his face flamed with augmented blazonry,
as if cannel coal had been heaped on anthracite. He made an
unpleasant racket with his chair; spilled his sand-box; in mending
his pens, impatiently split them all to pieces, and threw them on
the
floor in a sudden passion; stood up and leaned over his table,
boxing
his papers about in a most indecorous manner, very sad to behold in
an elderly man like him. Nevertheless, as he was in many ways a
most
valuable person to me, and all the time before twelve o'clock,
meridian, was the quickest, steadiest creature too, accomplishing a
great deal of work in a style not easy to be matched—for these
reasons, I was willing to overlook his eccentricities, though
indeed,
occasionally, I remonstrated with him. I did this very gently,
however, because, though the civilest, nay, the blandest and most
reverential of men in the morning, yet in the afternoon he was
disposed, upon provocation, to be slightly rash with his tongue, in
fact, insolent. Now, valuing his morning services as I did, and
resolved not to lose them; yet, at the same time made uncomfortable
by his inflamed ways after twelve o'clock; and being a man of
peace,
unwilling by my admonitions to call forth unseemly retorts from
him;
I took upon me, one Saturday noon (he was always worse on
Saturdays),
to hint to him, very kindly, that perhaps now that he was growing
old, it might be well to abridge his labors; in short, he need not
come to my chambers after twelve o'clock, but, dinner over, had
best
go home to his lodgings and rest himself till teatime. But no; he
insisted upon his afternoon devotions. His countenance became
intolerably fervid, as he oratorically assured me—gesticulating
with a long ruler at the other end of the room—that if his services
in the morning were useful, how indispensable, then, in the
afternoon?"With
submission, sir," said Turkey on this occasion, "I consider
myself your right-hand man. In the morning I but marshal and deploy
my columns; but in the afternoon I put myself at their head, and
gallantly charge the foe, thus!"—and he made a violent thrust
with the ruler."But
the blots, Turkey," intimated I.