How Robin Hood Came to Be an Outlaw
IN
MERRY ENGLAND in the time of old, when good King Henry the Second
ruled the land, there lived within the green glades of Sherwood
Forest, near Nottingham Town, a famous outlaw whose name was Robin
Hood. No archer ever lived that could speed a gray goose shaft with
such skill and cunning as his, nor were there ever such yeomen as the
sevenscore merry men that roamed with him through the greenwood
shades. Right merrily they dwelled within the depths of Sherwood
Forest, suffering neither care nor want, but passing the time in
merry games of archery or bouts of cudgel play, living upon the
King's venison, washed down with draughts of ale of October brewing.Not
only Robin himself but all the band were outlaws and dwelled apart
from other men, yet they were beloved by the country people round
about, for no one ever came to jolly Robin for help in time of need
and went away again with an empty fist.And
now I will tell how it came about that Robin Hood fell afoul of the
law.When
Robin was a youth of eighteen, stout of sinew and bold of heart, the
Sheriff of Nottingham proclaimed a shooting match and offered a prize
of a butt of ale to whosoever should shoot the best shaft in
Nottinghamshire. "Now," quoth Robin, "will I go too,
for fain would I draw a string for the bright eyes of my lass and a
butt of good October brewing." So up he got and took his good
stout yew bow and a score or more of broad clothyard arrows, and
started off from Locksley Town through Sherwood Forest to Nottingham.It
was at the dawn of day in the merry Maytime, when hedgerows are green
and flowers bedeck the meadows; daisies pied and yellow cuckoo buds
and fair primroses all along the briery hedges; when apple buds
blossom and sweet birds sing, the lark at dawn of day, the throstle
cock and cuckoo; when lads and lasses look upon each other with sweet
thoughts; when busy housewives spread their linen to bleach upon the
bright green grass. Sweet was the greenwood as he walked along its
paths, and bright the green and rustling leaves, amid which the
little birds sang with might and main: and blithely Robin whistled as
he trudged along, thinking of Maid Marian and her bright eyes, for at
such times a youth's thoughts are wont to turn pleasantly upon the
lass that he loves the best.As
thus he walked along with a brisk step and a merry whistle, he came
suddenly upon some foresters seated beneath a great oak tree. Fifteen
there were in all, making themselves merry with feasting and drinking
as they sat around a huge pasty, to which each man helped himself,
thrusting his hands into the pie, and washing down that which they
ate with great horns of ale which they drew all foaming from a barrel
that stood nigh. Each man was clad in Lincoln green, and a fine show
they made, seated upon the sward beneath that fair, spreading tree.
Then one of them, with his mouth full, called out to Robin, "Hulloa,
where goest thou, little lad, with thy one-penny bow and thy farthing
shafts?"Then
Robin grew angry, for no stripling likes to be taunted with his green
years."Now,"
quoth he, "my bow and eke mine arrows are as good as shine; and
moreover, I go to the shooting match at Nottingham Town, which same
has been proclaimed by our good Sheriff of Nottinghamshire; there I
will shoot with other stout yeomen, for a prize has been offered of a
fine butt of ale."Then
one who held a horn of ale in his hand said, "Ho! listen to the
lad! Why, boy, thy mother's milk is yet scarce dry upon thy lips, and
yet thou pratest of standing up with good stout men at Nottingham
butts, thou who art scarce able to draw one string of a two-stone
bow.""I'll
hold the best of you twenty marks," quoth bold Robin, "that
I hit the clout at threescore rods, by the good help of Our Lady
fair."At
this all laughed aloud, and one said, "Well boasted, thou fair
infant, well boasted! And well thou knowest that no target is nigh to
make good thy wager."And
another cried, "He will be taking ale with his milk next."At
this Robin grew right mad. "Hark ye," said he, "yonder,
at the glade's end, I see a herd of deer, even more than threescore
rods distant. I'll hold you twenty marks that, by leave of Our Lady,
I cause the best hart among them to die.""Now
done!" cried he who had spoken first. "And here are twenty
marks. I wager that thou causest no beast to die, with or without the
aid of Our Lady."Then
Robin took his good yew bow in his hand, and placing the tip at his
instep, he strung it right deftly; then he nocked a broad clothyard
arrow and, raising the bow, drew the gray goose feather to his ear;
the next moment the bowstring rang and the arrow sped down the glade
as a sparrowhawk skims in a northern wind. High leaped the noblest
hart of all the herd, only to fall dead, reddening the green path
with his heart's blood."Ha!"
cried Robin, "how likest thou that shot, good fellow? I wot the
wager were mine, an it were three hundred pounds."Then
all the foresters were filled with rage, and he who had spoken the
first and had lost the wager was more angry than all."Nay,"
cried he, "the wager is none of thine, and get thee gone,
straightway, or, by all the saints of heaven, I'll baste thy sides
until thou wilt ne'er be able to walk again." "Knowest thou
not," said another, "that thou hast killed the King's deer,
and, by the laws of our gracious lord and sovereign King Harry, thine
ears should be shaven close to thy head?""Catch
him!" cried a third."Nay,"
said a fourth, "let him e'en go because of his tender years."Never
a word said Robin Hood, but he looked at the foresters with a grim
face; then, turning on his heel, strode away from them down the
forest glade. But his heart was bitterly angry, for his blood was hot
and youthful and prone to boil.Now,
well would it have been for him who had first spoken had he left
Robin Hood alone; but his anger was hot, both because the youth had
gotten the better of him and because of the deep draughts of ale that
he had been quaffing. So, of a sudden, without any warning, he sprang
to his feet, and seized upon his bow and fitted it to a shaft. "Ay,"
cried he, "and I'll hurry thee anon." And he sent the arrow
whistling after Robin.It
was well for Robin Hood that that same forester's head was spinning
with ale, or else he would never have taken another step. As it was,
the arrow whistled within three inches of his head. Then he turned
around and quickly drew his own bow, and sent an arrow back in
return."Ye
said I was no archer," cried he aloud, "but say so now
again!"The
shaft flew straight; the archer fell forward with a cry, and lay on
his face upon the ground, his arrows rattling about him from out of
his quiver, the gray goose shaft wet with his; heart's blood. Then,
before the others could gather their wits about them, Robin Hood was
gone into the depths of the greenwood. Some started after him, but
not with much heart, for each feared to suffer the death of his
fellow; so presently they all came and lifted the dead man up and
bore him away to Nottingham Town.Meanwhile
Robin Hood ran through the greenwood. Gone was all the joy and
brightness from everything, for his heart was sick within him, and it
was borne in upon his soul that he had slain a man."Alas!"
cried he, "thou hast found me an archer that will make thy wife
to wring! I would that thou hadst ne'er said one word to me, or that
I had never passed thy way, or e'en that my right forefinger had been
stricken off ere that this had happened! In haste I smote, but grieve
I sore at leisure!" And then, even in his trouble, he remembered
the old saw that "What is done is done; and the egg cracked
cannot be cured."And
so he came to dwell in the greenwood that was to be his home for many
a year to come, never again to see the happy days with the lads and
lasses of sweet Locksley Town; for he was outlawed, not only because
he had killed a man, but also because he had poached upon the King's
deer, and two hundred pounds were set upon his head, as a reward for
whoever would bring him to the court of the King.Now
the Sheriff of Nottingham swore that he himself would bring this
knave Robin Hood to justice, and for two reasons: first, because he
wanted the two hundred pounds, and next, because the forester that
Robin Hood had killed was of kin to him.But
Robin Hood lay hidden in Sherwood Forest for one year, and in that
time there gathered around him many others like himself, cast out
from other folk for this cause and for that. Some had shot deer in
hungry wintertime, when they could get no other food, and had been
seen in the act by the foresters, but had escaped, thus saving their
ears; some had been turned out of their inheritance, that their farms
might be added to the King's lands in Sherwood Forest; some had been
despoiled by a great baron or a rich abbot or a powerful esquire—all,
for one cause or another, had come to Sherwood to escape wrong and
oppression.So,
in all that year, fivescore or more good stout yeomen gathered about
Robin Hood, and chose him to be their leader and chief. Then they
vowed that even as they themselves had been despoiled they would
despoil their oppressors, whether baron, abbot, knight, or squire,
and that from each they would take that which had been wrung from the
poor by unjust taxes, or land rents, or in wrongful fines. But to the
poor folk they would give a helping hand in need and trouble, and
would return to them that which had been unjustly taken from them.
Besides this, they swore never to harm a child nor to wrong a woman,
be she maid, wife, or widow; so that, after a while, when the people
began to find that no harm was meant to them, but that money or food
came in time of want to many a poor family, they came to praise Robin
and his merry men, and to tell many tales of him and of his doings in
Sherwood Forest, for they felt him to be one of themselves.Up
rose Robin Hood one merry morn when all the birds were singing
blithely among the leaves, and up rose all his merry men, each fellow
washing his head and hands in the cold brown brook that leaped
laughing from stone to stone. Then said Robin, "For fourteen
days have we seen no sport, so now I will go abroad to seek
adventures forthwith. But tarry ye, my merry men all, here in the
greenwood; only see that ye mind well my call. Three blasts upon the
bugle horn I will blow in my hour of need; then come quickly, for I
shall want your aid."So
saying, he strode away through the leafy forest glades until he had
come to the verge of Sherwood. There he wandered for a long time,
through highway and byway, through dingly dell and forest skirts. Now
he met a fair buxom lass in a shady lane, and each gave the other a
merry word and passed their way; now he saw a fair lady upon an
ambling pad, to whom he doffed his cap, and who bowed sedately in
return to the fair youth; now he saw a fat monk on a pannier-laden
ass; now a gallant knight, with spear and shield and armor that
flashed brightly in the sunlight; now a page clad in crimson; and now
a stout burgher from good Nottingham Town, pacing along with serious
footsteps; all these sights he saw, but adventure found he none. At
last he took a road by the forest skirts, a bypath that dipped toward
a broad, pebbly stream spanned by a narrow bridge made of a log of
wood. As he drew nigh this bridge he saw a tall stranger coming from
the other side. Thereupon Robin quickened his pace, as did the
stranger likewise, each thinking to cross first."Now
stand thou back," quoth Robin, "and let the better man
cross first.""Nay,"
answered the stranger, "then stand back shine own self, for the
better man, I wet, am I.""That
will we presently see," quoth Robin, "and meanwhile stand
thou where thou art, or else, by the bright brow of Saint AElfrida, I
will show thee right good Nottingham play with a clothyard shaft
betwixt thy ribs.""Now,"
quoth the stranger, "I will tan thy hide till it be as many
colors as a beggar's cloak, if thou darest so much as touch a string
of that same bow that thou holdest in thy hands.""Thou
pratest like an ass," said Robin, "for I could send this
shaft clean through thy proud heart before a curtal friar could say
grace over a roast goose at Michaelmastide.""And
thou pratest like a coward," answered the stranger, "for
thou standest there with a good yew bow to shoot at my heart, while I
have nought in my hand but a plain blackthorn staff wherewith to meet
thee.""Now,"
quoth Robin, "by the faith of my heart, never have I had a
coward's name in all my life before. I will lay by my trusty bow and
eke my arrows, and if thou darest abide my coming, I will go and cut
a cudgel to test thy manhood withal.""Ay,
marry, that will I abide thy coming, and joyously, too," quoth
the stranger; whereupon he leaned sturdily upon his staff to await
Robin.Then
Robin Hood stepped quickly to the coverside and cut a good staff of
ground oak, straight, without new, and six feet in length, and came
back trimming away the tender stems from it, while the stranger
waited for him, leaning upon his staff, and whistling as he gazed
round about. Robin observed him furtively as he trimmed his staff,
measuring him from top to toe from out the corner of his eye, and
thought that he had never seen a lustier or a stouter man. Tall was
Robin, but taller was the stranger by a head and a neck, for he was
seven feet in height. Broad was Robin across the shoulders, but
broader was the stranger by twice the breadth of a palm, while he
measured at least an ell around the waist."Nevertheless,"
said Robin to himself, "I will baste thy hide right merrily, my
good fellow;" then, aloud, "Lo, here is my good staff,
lusty and tough. Now wait my coming, an thou darest, and meet me an
thou fearest not. Then we will fight until one or the other of us
tumble into the stream by dint of blows.""Marry,
that meeteth my whole heart!" cried the stranger, twirling his
staff above his head, betwixt his fingers and thumb, until it
whistled again.Never
did the Knights of Arthur's Round Table meet in a stouter fight than
did these two. In a moment Robin stepped quickly upon the bridge
where the stranger stood; first he made a feint, and then delivered a
blow at the stranger's head that, had it met its mark, would have
tumbled him speedily into the water. But the stranger turned the blow
right deftly and in return gave one as stout, which Robin also turned
as the stranger had done. So they stood, each in his place, neither
moving a finger's-breadth back, for one good hour, and many blows
were given and received by each in that time, till here and there
were sore bones and bumps, yet neither thought of crying "Enough,"
nor seemed likely to fall from off the bridge. Now and then they
stopped to rest, and each thought that he never had seen in all his
life before such a hand at quarterstaff. At last Robin gave the
stranger a blow upon the ribs that made his jacket smoke like a damp
straw thatch in the sun. So shrewd was the stroke that the stranger
came within a hair's-breadth of falling off the bridge, but he
regained himself right quickly and, by a dexterous blow, gave Robin a
crack on the crown that caused the blood to flow. Then Robin grew mad
with anger and smote with all his might at the other. But the
stranger warded the blow and once again thwacked Robin, and this time
so fairly that he fell heels over head into the water, as the queen
pin falls in a game of bowls."And
where art thou now, my good lad?" shouted the stranger, roaring
with laughter."Oh,
in the flood and floating adown with the tide," cried Robin, nor
could he forbear laughing himself at his sorry plight. Then, gaining
his feet, he waded to the bank, the little fish speeding hither and
thither, all frightened at his splashing."Give
me thy hand," cried he, when he had reached the bank. "I
must needs own thou art a brave and a sturdy soul and, withal, a good
stout stroke with the cudgels. By this and by that, my head hummeth
like to a hive of bees on a hot June day."Then
he clapped his horn to his lips and winded a blast that went echoing
sweetly down the forest paths. "Ay, marry," quoth he again,
"thou art a tall lad, and eke a brave one, for ne'er, I bow, is
there a man betwixt here and Canterbury Town could do the like to me
that thou hast done.""And
thou," quoth the stranger, laughing, "takest thy cudgeling
like a brave heart and a stout yeoman."But
now the distant twigs and branches rustled with the coming of men,
and suddenly a score or two of good stout yeomen, all clad in Lincoln
green, burst from out the covert, with merry Will Stutely at their
head."Good
master," cried Will, "how is this? Truly thou art all wet
from head to foot, and that to the very skin.""Why,
marry," answered jolly Robin, "yon stout fellow hath
tumbled me neck and crop into the water and hath given me a drubbing
beside.""Then
shall he not go without a ducking and eke a drubbing himself!"
cried Will Stutely. "Have at him, lads!"Then
Will and a score of yeomen leaped upon the stranger, but though they
sprang quickly they found him ready and felt him strike right and
left with his stout staff, so that, though he went down with press of
numbers, some of them rubbed cracked crowns before he was overcome."Nay,
forbear!" cried Robin, laughing until his sore sides ached
again. "He is a right good man and true, and no harm shall
befall him. Now hark ye, good youth, wilt thou stay with me and be
one of my band? Three suits of Lincoln green shalt thou have each
year, beside forty marks in fee, and share with us whatsoever good
shall befall us. Thou shalt eat sweet venison and quaff the stoutest
ale, and mine own good right-hand man shalt thou be, for never did I
see such a cudgel player in all my life before. Speak! Wilt thou be
one of my good merry men?""That
know I not," quoth the stranger surlily, for he was angry at
being so tumbled about. "If ye handle yew bow and apple shaft no
better than ye do oaken cudgel, I wot ye are not fit to be called
yeomen in my country; but if there be any man here that can shoot a
better shaft than I, then will I bethink me of joining with you.""Now
by my faith," said Robin, "thou art a right saucy varlet,
sirrah; yet I will stoop to thee as I never stooped to man before.
Good Stutely, cut thou a fair white piece of bark four fingers in
breadth, and set it fourscore yards distant on yonder oak. Now,
stranger, hit that fairly with a gray goose shaft and call thyself an
archer.""Ay,
marry, that will I," answered he. "Give me a good stout bow
and a fair broad arrow, and if I hit it not, strip me and beat me
blue with bowstrings."Then
he chose the stoutest bow among them all, next to Robin's own, and a
straight gray goose shaft, well-feathered and smooth, and stepping to
the mark—while all the band, sitting or lying upon the greensward,
watched to see him shoot—he drew the arrow to his cheek and loosed
the shaft right deftly, sending it so straight down the path that it
clove the mark in the very center. "Aha!" cried he, "mend
thou that if thou canst;" while even the yeomen clapped their
hands at so fair a shot."That
is a keen shot indeed," quoth Robin. "Mend it I cannot, but
mar it I may, perhaps."Then
taking up his own good stout bow and nocking an arrow with care, he
shot with his very greatest skill. Straight flew the arrow, and so
true that it lit fairly upon the stranger's shaft and split it into
splinters. Then all the yeomen leaped to their feet and shouted for
joy that their master had shot so well."Now
by the lusty yew bow of good Saint Withold," cried the stranger,
"that is a shot indeed, and never saw I the like in all my life
before! Now truly will I be thy man henceforth and for aye. Good Adam
Bell(1) was a fair shot, but never shot he so!"(1)
Adam Bell, Clym o' the Clough, and William of Cloudesly
were three noted north-country bowmen whose names have been
celebrated in many ballads of the olden time."Then
have I gained a right good man this day," quoth jolly Robin.
"What name goest thou by, good fellow?""Men
call me John Little whence I came," answered the stranger.Then
Will Stutely, who loved a good jest, spoke up. "Nay, fair little
stranger," said he, "I like not thy name and fain would I
have it otherwise. Little art thou indeed, and small of bone and
sinew, therefore shalt thou be christened Little John, and I will be
thy godfather."Then
Robin Hood and all his band laughed aloud until the stranger began to
grow angry."An
thou make a jest of me," quoth he to Will Stutely, "thou
wilt have sore bones and little pay, and that in short season.""Nay,
good friend," said Robin Hood, "bottle thine anger, for the
name fitteth thee well. Little John shall thou be called henceforth,
and Little John shall it be. So come, my merry men, we will prepare a
christening feast for this fair infant."So
turning their backs upon the stream, they plunged into the forest
once more, through which they traced their steps till they reached
the spot where they dwelled in the depths of the woodland. There had
they built huts of bark and branches of trees, and made couches of
sweet rushes spread over with skins of fallow deer. Here stood a
great oak tree with branches spreading broadly around, beneath which
was a seat of green moss where Robin Hood was wont to sit at feast
and at merrymaking with his stout men about him. Here they found the
rest of the band, some of whom had come in with a brace of fat does.
Then they all built great fires and after a time roasted the does and
broached a barrel of humming ale. Then when the feast was ready they
all sat down, but Robin placed Little John at his right hand, for he
was henceforth to be the second in the band.Then
when the feast was done Will Stutely spoke up. "It is now time,
I ween, to christen our bonny babe, is it not so, merry boys?"
And "Aye! Aye!" cried all, laughing till the woods echoed
with their mirth."Then
seven sponsors shall we have," quoth Will Stutely, and hunting
among all the band, he chose the seven stoutest men of them all."Now
by Saint Dunstan," cried Little John, springing to his feet,
"more than one of you shall rue it an you lay finger upon me."But
without a word they all ran upon him at once, seizing him by his legs
and arms and holding him tightly in spite of his struggles, and they
bore him forth while all stood around to see the sport. Then one came
forward who had been chosen to play the priest because he had a bald
crown, and in his hand he carried a brimming pot of ale. "Now,
who bringeth this babe?" asked he right soberly."That
do I," answered Will Stutely."And
what name callest thou him?""Little
John call I him.""Now
Little John," quoth the mock priest, "thou hast not lived
heretofore, but only got thee along through the world, but henceforth
thou wilt live indeed. When thou livedst not thou wast called John
Little, but now that thou dost live indeed, Little John shalt thou be
called, so christen I thee." And at these last words he emptied
the pot of ale upon Little John's head.Then
all shouted with laughter as they saw the good brown ale stream over
Little John's beard and trickle from his nose and chin, while his
eyes blinked with the smart of it. At first he was of a mind to be
angry but found he could not, because the others were so merry; so
he, too, laughed with the rest. Then Robin took this sweet, pretty
babe, clothed him all anew from top to toe in Lincoln green, and gave
him a good stout bow, and so made him a member of the merry band.And
thus it was that Robin Hood became outlawed; thus a band of merry
companions gathered about him, and thus he gained his right-hand man,
Little John; and so the prologue ends. And now I will tell how the
Sheriff of Nottingham three times sought to take Robin Hood, and how
he failed each time.