II MR. CLARKE'S MEMOIRS
Introduction
It
was somewhere, I think, towards the autumn of the year 1889 that
the
thought occurred to me that I might perhaps try to write a little
in
the modern way. For, hitherto, I had been, as it were, wearing
costume in literature. The rich, figured English of the earlier
part
of the seventeenth century had always had a peculiar attraction for
me. I accustomed myself to write in it, to think in it; I kept a
diary in that manner, and half-unconsciously dressed up my every
day
thoughts and common experiences in the habit of the Cavalier or of
the Caroline Divine. Thus, when in 1884 I got a commission to
translate the Heptameron, I wrote quite naturally in the language
of
my favourite period, and, as some critics declare, made my English
version somewhat more antique and stiff than the original. And so
"The Anatomy of Tobacco" was an exercise in the antique of
a different kind; and "The Chronicle of Clemendy" was a
volume of tales that tried their hardest to be mediæval; and the
translation of the "Moyen de Parvenir" was still a thing in
the ancient mode.It
seemed, in fine, to be settled that in literature I was to be a
hanger on of the past ages; and I don't quite know how I managed to
get away from them. I had finished translating "Casanova"—more
modern, but not thoroughly up to date—and I had nothing particular
on hand, and, somehow or other, it struck me that I might try a
little writing for the papers. I began with a "turnover" as
it was called, for the old vanished Globe, a harmless little
article
on old English proverbs; and I shall never forget my pride and
delight when one day, being at Dover, with a fresh autumn wind
blowing from the sea, I bought a chance copy of the paper and saw
my
essay on the front page. Naturally, I was encouraged to persevere,
and I wrote more turnovers for the Globe and then tried the St.
James's Gazette and found that they paid two pounds instead of the
guinea of the Globe, and again, naturally enough, devoted most of
my
attention to the St. James's Gazette. From the essay or literary
paper, I somehow got into the habit of the short story, and did a
good many of these, still for the St. James's, till in the autumn
of
1890, I wrote a tale called "The Double Return." Well,
Oscar Wilde asked: "Are you the author of that story that
fluttered the dovecotes? I thought it was very good." But: it
did flutter the dovecotes, and the St. James's Gazette and I
parted.But
I still wrote short stories, now chiefly for what were called
"society" papers, which have become extinct. And one of
these appeared in a paper, the name of which I have long forgotten.
I
had called the tale "Resurrectio Mortuorum," and the editor
had very sensibly rendered the title into "The Resurrection of
the Dead."I
do not clearly remember how the story began. I am inclined to think
something in this way:"Old
Mr. Llewellyn, the Welsh antiquary, threw his copy of the morning
paper on the floor and banged the breakfast-table, exclaiming:
'Good
God! Here's the last of the Caradocs of the Garth, has been married
in a Baptist Chapel by a dissenting preacher; somewhere in
Peckham.'"
Or, did I take up the tale a few years after this happy event and
shew the perfectly cheerful contented young commercial clerk
running
somewhat too fast to catch the bus one morning, and feeling dazed
all
day long over the office work, and going home in a sort of dimness,
and then at his very doorstep, recovering as it were, his ancestral
consciousness. I think it was the sight of his wife and the tones
of
her voice that suddenly announced to him with the sound of a
trumpet
that he had nothing to do with this woman with the Cockney accent,
or
the pastor who was coming to supper, or the red brick villa, or
Peckham or the City of London. Though the old place on the banks of
the Usk had been sold fifty years before, still, he was Caradoc of
the Garth. I forget how I ended the story: but here was one of the
sources of "A Fragment of Life."And
somehow, though the tale was written and printed and paid for; it
stayed with me as a tale half told in the years from 1890 to 1899.
I
was in love with the notion: this contrast between the raw London
suburb and its mean limited life and its daily journeys to the
City;
its utter banality and lack of significance; between all this and
the
old, grey mullioned house under the forest near the river, the
armorial bearings on the Jacobean porch, and noble old traditions:
all this captivated me and I thought of my mistold tale at
intervals,
while I was writing "The Great God Pan," "The Red
Hand," "The Three Impostors," "The Hill of
Dreams," "The White People," and "Hieroglyphics."
It was at the back of my head, I suppose, all the time, and at last
in '99 I began to write it all over again from a somewhat different
standpoint.The
fact was that one grey Sunday afternoon in the March of that year,
I
went for a long walk with a friend. I was living in Gray's Inn in
those days, and we stravaged up Gray's Inn Road on one of those
queer, unscientific explorations of the odd corners of London in
which I have always delighted. I don't think that there was any
definite scheme laid down; but we resisted manifold temptations.
For
on the right of Gray's Inn Road is one of the oddest quarters of
London—to those, that is, with the unsealed eyes. Here are streets
of 1800-1820 that go down into a valley—Flora in "Little
Dorrit" lived in one of them—and then crossing King's Cross
Road climb very steeply up to heights which always suggest to me
that
I am in the hinder and poorer quarter of some big seaside place,
and
that there is a fine view of the sea from the attic windows. This
place was once called Spa Fields, and has very properly an old
meeting house of the Countess of Huntingdon's Connection as one of
its attractions. It is one of the parts of London which would
attract
me if I wished to hide; not to escape arrest, perhaps, but rather
to
escape the possibility of ever meeting anybody who had ever seen me
before.But:
my friend and I resisted it all. We strolled along to the parting
of
many ways at King's Cross Station, and struck boldly up
Pentonville.
Again: on our left was Barnsbury, which is like Africa. In
Barnsbury
semper aliquid novi, but our course was laid for us by some occult
influence, and we came to Islington and chose the right hand side
of
the way. So far, we were tolerably in the region of the known,
since
every year there is the great Cattle Show at Islington, and many
men
go there. But, trending to the right, we got into Canonbury, of
which
there are only Travellers' Tales. Now and then, perhaps, as one
sits
about the winter fire, while the storm howls without and the snow
falls fast, the silent man in the corner has told how he had a
great
aunt who lived in Canonbury in 1860; so in the fourteenth century
you
might meet men who had talked with those who had been in Cathay and
had seen the splendours of the Grand Cham. Such is Canonbury; I
hardly dare speak of its dim squares, of the deep, leafy
back-gardens
behind the houses, running down into obscure alleyways with
discreet,
mysterious postern doors: as I say, "Travellers' Tales";
things not much credited.But,
he who adventures in London has a foretaste of infinity. There is a
region beyond Ultima Thule. I know not how it was, but on this
famous
Sunday afternoon, my friend and I, passing through Canonbury came
into something called the Balls Pond Road—Mr. Perch, the messenger
of Dombey & Son, lived somewhere in this region—and so I think
by Dalston down into Hackney where caravans, or trams, or, as I
think
you say in America, trolley cars set out at stated intervals to the
limits of the western world.But
in the course of that walk which had become an exploration of the
unknown, I had seen two common things which had made a profound
impression upon me. One of these things was a street, the other a
small family party. The street was somewhere in that vague,
uncharted, Balls Pond-Dalston region. It was a long street and a
grey
street. Each house was exactly like every other house. Each house
had
a basement, the sort of story which house-agents have grown to call
of late a "lower ground floor." The front windows of these
basements were half above the patch of black, soot-smeared soil and
coarse grass that named itself a garden, and so, passing along at
the
hour of four o'clock or four-thirty, I could see that in everyone
of
these "breakfast rooms"—their technical name—the tea
tray and the tea cups were set out in readiness. I received from
this
trivial and natural circumstance an impression of a dull life, laid
out in dreadful lines of patterned uniformity, of a life without
adventure of body or soul.Then,
the family party. It got into the tram down Hackney way. There were
father, mother and baby; and I should think that they came from a
small shop, probably from a small draper's shop. The parents were
young people of twenty-five to thirty-five. He wore a black shiny
frock coat—an "Albert" in America?—a high hat, little
side whiskers and dark moustache and a look of amiable vacuity. His
wife was oddly bedizened in black satin, with a wide spreading hat,
not ill-looking, simply unmeaning. I fancy that she had at times,
not
too often, "a temper of her own." And the very small baby
sat upon her knee. The party was probably going forth to spend the
Sunday evening with relations or friends.And
yet, I said to myself, these two have partaken together of the
great
mystery, of the great sacrament of nature, of the source of all
that
is magical in the wide world. But have they discerned the
mysteries?
Do they know that they have been in that place which is called Syon
and Jerusalem?—I am quoting from an old book and a strange
book.It
was thus that, remembering the old story of the "Resurrection of
the Dead," I was furnished with the source of "A Fragment
of Life." I was writing "Hieroglyphics" at the time,
having just finished "The White People"; or rather, having
just decided that what now appears in print under that heading was
all that would ever be written, that the Great Romance that should
have been written—in manifestation of the idea—would never be
written at all. And so, when Hieroglyphics was finished, somewhere
about May 1899, I set about "A Fragment of Life" and wrote
the first chapter with the greatest relish and the utmost ease. And
then my own life was dashed into fragments. I ceased to write. I
travelled. I saw Syon and Bagdad and other strange places—see
"Things Near and Far" for an explanation of this obscure
passage—and found myself in the lighted world of floats and
battens, entering L. U. E., crossing R and exiting R 3; and doing
all
sorts of queer things.But
still, in spite of all these shocks and changes, the "notion"
would not leave me. I went at it again, I suppose in 1904; consumed
with a bitter determination to finish what I had begun. Everything
now had become difficult. I tried this way and that way and the
other
way. They all failed and I broke down on every one of them; and I
tried and tried again. At last I cobbled up some sort of an end, an
utterly bad one, as I realized as I wrote every single line and
word
of it, and the story appeared, in 1904 or 1905, in Horlick's
Magazine
under the editorship of my old and dear friend, A. E. Waite.Still;
I was not satisfied. That end was intolerable and I knew it. Again,
I
sat down to the work, night after night I wrestled with it. And I
remember an odd circumstance which may or may not be of some
physiological interest. I was then living in a circumscribed "upper
part" of a house in Cosway Street, Marylebone Road. That I might
struggle by myself, I wrote in the little kitchen; and night after
night as I fought grimly, savagely, all but hopelessly for some fit
close for "A Fragment of Life," I was astonished and almost
alarmed to find that my feet developed a sensation of most deadly
cold. The room was not cold; I had lit the oven burners of the
little
gas cooking stove. I was not cold; but my feet were chilled in a
quite extraordinary manner, as if they had been packed in ice. At
last I took off my slippers with a view of poking my toes into the
oven of the stove, and feeling my feet with my hand, I perceived
that, in fact, they were not cold at all! But the sensation
remained;
there, I suppose, you have an odd case of a transference of
something
that was happening in the brain to the extremities. My feet were
quite warm to the palm of my hand, but to my sense they were
frozen.
But what a testimony to the fitness of the American idiom, "cold
feet," as signifying a depressed and desponding mood! But,
somehow or other, the tale was finished and the "notion"
was at last out of my head. I have gone into all this detail about
"A
Fragment of Life" because I have been assured in many quarters
that it is the best thing that I have ever done, and students of
the
crooked ways of literature may be interested to hear of the
abominable labours of doing it."The
White People" belongs to the same year as the first chapter of
"A Fragment of Life," 1899, which was also the year of
"Hieroglyphics." The fact was I was in high literary
spirits, just then. I had been harassed and worried for a whole
year
in the office of Literature, a weekly paper published by The Times,
and getting free again, I felt like a prisoner released from
chains;
ready to dance in letters to any extent. Forthwith I thought of "A
Great Romance," a highly elaborate and elaborated piece of work,
full of the strangest and rarest things. I have forgotten how it
was
that this design broke down; but I found by experiment that the
great
romance was to go on that brave shelf of the unwritten books, the
shelf where all the splendid books are to be found in their golden
bindings. "The White People" is a small piece of salvage
from the wreck. Oddly enough, as is insinuated in the Prologue, the
mainspring of the story is to be sought in a medical textbook. In
the
Prologue reference is made to a review article by Dr. Coryn. But I
have since found out that Dr. Coryn was merely quoting from a
scientific treatise that case of the lady whose fingers became
violently inflamed because she saw a heavy window sash descend on
the
fingers of her child. With this instance, of course, are to be
considered all cases of stigmata, both ancient and modern: and then
the question is obvious enough: what limits can we place to the
powers of the imagination? Has not the imagination the potentiality
at least of performing any miracle, however marvelous, however
incredible, according to our ordinary standards? As to the
decoration
of the story, that is a mingling which I venture to think somewhat
ingenious of odds and ends of folk lore and witch lore with pure
inventions of my own. Some years later I was amused to receive a
letter from a gentleman who was, if I remember, a schoolmaster
somewhere in Malaya. This gentleman, an earnest student of
folklore,
was writing an article on some singular things he had observed
amongst the Malayans, and chiefly a kind of were-wolf state into
which some of them were able to conjure themselves. He had found,
as
he said, startling resemblances between the magic ritual of Malaya
and some of the ceremonies and practices hinted at in "The White
People." He presumed that all this was not fancy but fact; that
is that I was describing practices actually in use among
superstitious people on the Welsh border; he was going to quote
from
me in the article for the Journal of the Folk Lore Society, or
whatever it was called, and he just wanted to let me know. I wrote
in
a hurry to the folklore journal to bid them beware: for the
instances
selected by the student were all fictions of my own brain!"The
Great God Pan" and "The Inmost Light" are tales of an
earlier date, going back to 1890, '91, '92. I have written a good
deal about them in "Far Off Things," and in a preface to an
edition of "The Great God Pan," published by Messrs.
Simpkin, Marshall in 1916, I have described at length the origins
of
the book. But I must quote anew some extracts from the reviews
which
welcomed "The Great God Pan" to my extraordinary
entertainment, hilarity and refreshment. Here are a few of the
best:"It
is not Mr. Machen's fault but his misfortune, that one shakes with
laughter rather than with dread over the contemplation of his
psychological bogey."—Observer."His
horror, we regret to say, leaves us quite cold ... and our flesh
obstinately refuses to creep."—Chronicle."His
bogies don't scare."—Sketch."We
are afraid he only succeeds in being ridiculous."—Manchester
Guardian."Gruesome,
ghastly and dull."—Lady's Pictorial."Incoherent
nightmare of sex ... which would soon lead to insanity if
unrestrained ... innocuous from its absurdity."—Westminster
Gazette.And
so on, and so on. Several papers, I remember, declared that "The
Great God Pan" was simply a stupid and incompetent rehash of
Huysmans' "Là-Bas" and "À Rebours." I had not
read these books so I got them both. Thereon, I perceived that my
critics had not read them either.