An Introduction to the Chinese Economy E-Book

Rongxing Guo

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2010

Seitenzahl: 279

Beschreibung

This comprehensive overview of the modern Chinese economy by a noted expert from China offers a quality and breadth of coverage. In this book, the author provides an introduction to China's economy since 1949 and original insights based on his own extensive research. The book sets out to analyze and compare the operational mechanisms of the Chinese economy between the pre- and post-reform periods and through national, regional and local dimensions. Both positive and negative consequences of the Chinese economic transformation have been clarified. A multiregional comparison of the Chinese economy is conducted in terms of natural and human resources, institutional evolution, as well as economic and social performances. At last, some key issues relating to the inherent operational mechanisms of and the dynamic patterns of the Chinese economy are also discussed.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

Table of Figures

List of Tables

List of Abbreviations

Acknowledgments

NOTES FROM THE AUTHOR

CHAPTER ONE - A BRIEF HISTORY OF CHINA

THE ORIGINS OF THE NATION

RISE AND FALL OF THE EMPIRE

CHINA IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM

ENDNOTES

CHAPTER TWO - SPATIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS

ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS

GREAT REGIONS

GEOGRAPHICAL BELTS

SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN PARTS

ETHNO-CULTURAL AREAS

ENDNOTES

CHAPTER THREE - THE FOUNDATION OF THE CHINESE ECONOMY (I)

LAND AND WATER

MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

POLICY IMPLICATIONS

ENDNOTES

CHAPTER FOUR - THE FOUNDATION OF THE CHINESE ECONOMY (II)

POPULATION

LABOR AND EDUCATION

TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

CULTURAL INFLUENCE

ENDNOTES

CHAPTER FIVE - POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

PARTY VERSUS STATE

STATE AND MARKET

MARKET-ORIENTED REFORM

ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT

FINANCE AND BANKING

FUTURE PERSPECTIVE

ENDNOTES

CHAPTER SIX - ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

ECONOMIC GROWTH

REGIONAL ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES

HOW (UN)EQUAL IS THE CHINESE SOCIETY?

POVERTY AND SOCIAL SECURITY

ENDNOTES

CHAPTER SEVEN - INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ENGAGEMENT

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

CHINA OPENS ITS DOOR

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT

FOREIGN TRADE

ENDNOTES

CHAPTER EIGHT - STUDYING CHINESE ECONOMICS: KEY ISSUES

WHY CHINA HAS A COLLECTIVISTIC CULTURE

WHY CHINA ADOPTED A GRADUAL ECONOMIC REFORM

WHY THE CHINESE ECONOMY CANNOT BE SPATIALLY OPTIMIZED

WHY CHINA’S LONG-TERM GROWTH ISN’T SUSTAINABLE

ENDNOTES

APPENDIXES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

Table of Figures

Figure 1.1 A dynamic view of the Chinese economy, AD 1500-2000

Figure 2.1 The six great regions

Figure 2.2 The Eastern, Central, and Western belts

Figure 2.3 The Northern and Southern parts

Figure 2.4 The ethno-culture areas

Figure 3.1 Spatial distribution of major mineral resources in China

Figure 4.1 Birth, death, and natural growth rates

Figure 4.2 China’s population density, by province

Figure 4.3 Enrollment ratios of various educational institutions

Figure 5.1 Structure of the Communist Party of China

Figure 5.2 Shares of industrial output by ownership

Figure 5.3 Social and political capacities, China and the world

Figure 6.1 China’s economic growth rates

Figure 6.2 China’s rural-urban income gaps

Figure 7.1 The spatial pattern of foreign trade in China

Figure 7.2 China’s major trading partners

Figure 7.3 Foreign trade surplus (deficit) as percentage of total trade

Figure 8.1 Collective actions of the Chinese elites on reforms

List of Tables

Table 2.1 China’s Current Provincial Conditions (2008)

Table 3.1 Shares in Consumption of Primary Commodities for China, India, and the US (%)

Table 3.2 Major Metal Reserves of China and the World

Table 3.3 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, China and the US

Table 4.1 China’s Provincial Human Development Index (HDI), 2003

Table 6.1 Provincial Ranks by Per Capita GDP, Selected Years

Table 6.2 Ease of Doing Business in China—Top and Bottom 10 Provinces

Table 6.3 China’s Income Gini Coefficients, Selected Years

Table 8.1 Confucianism versus Taoism: Some Basic Facts

Table 8.2 China’s Ethnic and Linguistic Differences, by Province

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISBN 978-0-470-82604-1

Typeset in 10.5/14pt MinionPro-Regular by Thomson Digital, India

Ltd.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

To Fan Zhongjie (1932-) my mother-in-law, who cares for her grandchildren (Yanni, Maomao, Changchang, and Yaqing) with all her heart and love

List of Abbreviations

CCPChinese Communist PartyCCPCCChinese Communist Party Central CommitteeCOEcollectively owned enterpriseCPEcentrally planned economyCPPCCChinese People’s Political Consultative CongressFDIforeign direct investmentFIEforeign-invested enterprise (including Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau) invested enterpriseGDPgross domestic productGHGgreenhouse gasGNPgross national productHRShousehold responsibility systemNBSNational Bureau of Statistics of ChinaNIEnewly industrialized economyNPCNational People’s CongressPCSpeople’s commune systemPPPpurchasing power parityPRCPeople’s Republic of ChinaPSEprivate, shareholding or other enterpriseRMBRenminbi (Chinese currency)SARspecial administrative regionSARSsevere acute respiratory syndromeSEZspecial economic zoneSOEstate-owned enterpriseWTOWorld Trade Organization

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Frankly speaking, it is not an easy task to write an introductory text, including the spatial characteristics and growth process in economies as sui generis and complex as that of China. Fortunately, my continuous interest in the working mechanism—at both macro and micro levels—of the Chinese economy, on the one hand, and the encouragement received from Mr. Nick Wallwork (Publisher of John Wiley & Sons Asia Pte. Ltd.), on the other hand, have enabled this project to be completed without delay. Definitely, without Ms. Jules Yap (Editorial Executive) and Ms. Fiona Wong (Production Editor), my communication and cooperation with the publisher would not have been so smooth, efficient, and productive. Also, Ms. Wong helped me clarify copyright issues and provided sources of the photos that have been adopted in this book. Mr. Edward Caruso did an excellent job in copyediting this book.

During the production stage of this book, I received excellent service and help at the Brookings Institution (Washington, D.C.) where I was a Visiting Fellow at the Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies (CNAPS). Obviously, this made the revision and the proofreading of this book a smooth process. Dr. Richard Bush (Senior Fellow and Director of CNAPS), Mr. Kevin Scott (CNAPS Senior Assistant Director), and Ms. Jennifer Mason (CNAPS Research Assistant), among the others, merit particular mention.

Last but not least, I must acknowledge the external reviewers, including Professor Pieter Bottelier (Johns Hopkins University SAIS) whose comments and suggestions have helped me to make the final revision (correction) of this book. However, all views, drawbacks, and errors in this book certainly are mine.

Rongxing GuoJune 2010

NOTES FROM THE AUTHOR

• The geographical scope of the Chinese economy covers only mainland China, although Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan are mentioned in a number of the chapters.

• Chinese names are customarily written in the order of family name (which is in the single syllable in most cases) followed by the given name.

• Chinese names and geographic terms in mainland China are written in China’s official (pinyin) form, while those outside mainland China are in the conventional form.

• Unless stated otherwise, the statistical data used in this book are from China statistical yearbooks (NBS, all issues).

• For the sake of convenience, specific autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government are referred to alongside provinces by a single name.

• The unit of the Chinese currency (RMB) is yuan (¥). The official exchange rates and the estimated PPP rates of the RMB to the US dollar are shown on the next page.

CHAPTER ONE

A BRIEF HISTORY OF CHINA

The “Mother River” monument in Lanzhou, Gansu province

Copyright © 2003 Fanghong

Note: Permission is granted to copy, distribute, and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.”

The Yellow River (Huanghe) originates at the foot of the Kunlun mountains in the west and flows over 5,000 kilometers eastward to the Pacific Ocean. The river has been generally regarded as the cradle of the Chinese nation. It was along the banks of the river that the Chinese civilization first flowered. The geographical and hydrological characteristics of the Yellow River have shaped the Chinese nation, its 5,000-year civilization, as well as its distinctive philosophy and history . . .