I
A Revolutionary war raises many
strange characters out of the obscurity which is the common lot of
humble lives in an undisturbed state of society.
Certain individualities grow into
fame through their vices and their virtues, or simply by their
actions, which may have a temporary importance; and then they
become forgotten. The names of a few leaders alone survive the end
of armed strife and are further preserved in history; so that,
vanishing from men's active memories, they still exist in
books.
The name of General Santierra
attained that cold, paper-and-ink immortality. He was a South
American of good family, and the books published in his lifetime
numbered him amongst the liberators of that continent from the
oppressive rule of Spain.
That long contest, waged for
independence on one side and for dominion on the other, developed,
in the course of years and the vicissitudes of changing fortune,
the fierceness and inhumanity of a struggle for life. All feelings
of pity and compassion disappeared in the growth of political
hatred. And, as is usual in war, the mass of the people, who had
the least to gain by the issue, suffered most in their obscure
persons and their humble fortunes.
General Santierra began his
service as lieutenant in the patriot army raised and commanded by
the famous San Martin, afterwards conqueror of Lima and liberator
of Peru. A great battle had just been fought on the banks of the
river
Bio-Bio. Amongst the prisoners
made upon the routed Royalist troops there was a soldier called
Gaspar Ruiz. His powerful build and his big head rendered him
remarkable amongst his fellow-captives. The personality of the man
was unmistakable. Some months before, he had been missed from the
ranks of Republican troops after one of the many skirmishes which
preceded the great battle. And now, having been captured arms in
hand amongst Royalists, he could expect no other fate but to be
shot as a deserter.
Gaspar Ruiz, however, was not a
deserter; his mind was hardly active enough to take a
discriminating view of the advantages or perils of treachery. Why
should he change sides? He had really been made a prisoner, had
suffered ill-usage and many privations. Neither side showed
tenderness to its adversaries. There came a day when he was
ordered, together with some other captured rebels, to march in the
front rank of the Royal troops. A musket, had been thrust into his
hands. He had taken it. He had marched. He did not want to be
killed with circumstances of
peculiar atrocity for refusing to
march. He did not understand heroism, but it was his intention to
throw his musket away at the first opportunity. Meantime he had
gone on loading and firing, from fear of having his brains blown
out, at the first sign of unwillingness, by some non-commissioned
officer of the King of Spain. He tried to set forth these
elementary considerations before the sergeant of the guard set over
him and some twenty other such deserters, who had been condemned
summarily to be shot.
It was in the quadrangle of the
fort at the back of the batteries which command the road-stead of
Valparaiso. The officer who had identified him had gone on without
listening to his protestations. His doom was sealed; his hands were
tied very tightly together behind his back; his body was sore all
over from the many blows with sticks and butts of muskets which had
hurried him along on the painful road from the place of his capture
to the gate of the fort. This was the only kind of systematic
attention the prisoners had received from their escort during a
four days' journey across a scantily watered tract of country. At
the crossings of rare streams they were permitted to quench their
thirst by lapping hurriedly like dogs. In the evening a few scraps
of meat were thrown amongst them as they dropped down dead-beat
upon the stony ground of the halting-place.
As he stood in the courtyard of
the castle in the early morning, after having been driven hard all
night, Gaspar Ruiz's throat was parched, and his tongue felt very
large and dry in his mouth.
And Gaspar Ruiz, besides being
very thirsty, was stirred by a feeling of sluggish anger, which he
could not very well express, as though the vigour of his spirit
were by no means equal to the strength of his body.
The other prisoners in the batch
of the condemned hung their heads, looking obstinately on the
ground. But Gaspar Ruiz kept on repeating: "What should I desert
for to the Royalists? Why should I desert? Tell me, Estaban!"
He addressed himself to the
sergeant, who happened to belong to the same part of the country as
himself. But the sergeant, after shrugging his meagre shoulders
once, paid no further attention to the deep murmuring voice at his
back. It was indeed strange that Gaspar Ruiz should desert. His
people were in too humble a station to feel much the disadvantages
of any form of government. There was no reason why Gaspar Ruiz
should wish to uphold in his own person the rule of the King of
Spain. Neither had he been anxious to exert himself for its
subversion. He had joined the side of Independence in an extremely
reasonable and natural manner. A band of patriots appeared one
morning early, surrounding his father's ranche, spearing the
watch-dogs and hamstringing a fat cow all in the twinkling of an
eye, to the cries of "Viva La Libertad!" Their officer discoursed
of Liberty with
enthusiasm and eloquence after a
long and refreshing sleep. When they left in the evening, taking
with them some of Ruiz, the father's, best horses to replace their
own lamed animals, Gaspar Ruiz went away with them, having been
invited pressingly to do so by the eloquent officer.
Shortly afterwards a detachment
of Royalist troops, coming to pacify the district, burnt the
ranche, carried off the remaining horses and cattle, and having
thus deprived the old people of all their worldly possessions, left
them sitting under a bush in the enjoyment of the inestimable boon
of life.
II
GASPAR Ruiz, condemned to death
as a deserter, was not thinking either of his native place or of
his parents, to whom he had been a good son on account of the
mildness of his character and the great strength of his limbs. The
practical advantage of this last was made still more valuable to
his father by his obedient disposition. Gaspar Ruiz had an
acquiescent soul.