Introduction to Chemical Physics E-Book

Simone Malacrida

• Herausgeber: Simone Malacrida
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022

Beschreibung

The following topics are presented in this book:
thermodynamic and diffusion processes at the physicochemical level
surfaces, defects and their physicochemical characteristics
physicochemical phenomena
physicochemical detection technologies

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

"Introduction to Chemical Physics"

INTRODUCTION

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PROCESSES

PARTICULAR PHYSICOCHEMICAL STRUCTURES

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PHENOMENA

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES

"Introduction to Chemical Physics"

SIMONE MALACRIDA

The following topics are presented in this book:

thermodynamic and diffusion processes at the physicochemical level

surfaces, defects and their physicochemical characteristics

physicochemical phenomena

physicochemical detection technologies

Simone Malacrida (1977)

Engineer and writer, has worked on research, finance, energy policy and industrial plants.

ANALYTICAL INDEX

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INTRODUCTION

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I – PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PROCESSES

Fundamentals of matter physics

Thermodynamics

Spread

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II - PARTICULAR PHYSICOCHEMICAL STRUCTURES

Surfaces

Defects

An example: optical fibers

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III - PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PHENOMENA

Decompositions

Growth

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IV - PHYSICAL CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES

Wave-matter interaction

Spectroscopy

INTRODUCTION

This book summarizes the main results of chemical physics, understood as the discipline that studies the physical laws underlying the main chemical reactions.

Indeed, when a reaction takes place, what happens is that the thermodynamics of the system is perturbed, starting from a given initial state up to a final state.

Both states must be thermodynamically stable and this imposes particular physical conditions which translate into different chemical approaches.

Chemical physics depends considerably on the physics of matter, but differs from the latter due to the specificity of the studies: rather than probing the intrinsic properties of the material, chemical physics prefers to understand the behavior in the presence of phase transitions, defects and/or or surfaces.

As an obvious result of all this there are the technologies that chemical physics has implemented to highlight the behavior of matter.

Their vastness in terms of physical mechanisms and use is such as to make this discipline completely autonomous.

Understanding this manual requires knowledge of physics ranging from thermodynamics to mechanics, as well as familiarity with mathematical tools such as differential equations and functions of multiple variables.

Therefore, what will be exhibited will have a purely university level cut.

I

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PROCESSES

The main physicochemical processes concern thermodynamics, especially as regards phase transitions within solids and liquids, and diffusion laws.

In this chapter, we will give the main theoretical foundations of these two sub-disciplines.

Before going into these discussions, however, it is necessary to make a local mind on some fundamental results of the physics of matter, a discipline closely connected to chemical physics.

Fundamentals of matter physics

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The study of the physics of matter largely derives from a semi-classical approach to physics, while only a few theories (that of Hartree-Fock for example) take into consideration a totally quantum approach.

The semiclassical adjective means that the electromagnetic field is considered non-quantized, while material behaviors are instead considered quantized according to quantum mechanics.

In other words, light and the electromagnetic field are described by Maxwell's equations, while matter by Schrodinger's equation.

Schrodinger's equation has this general form (for multidimensional cases, just think of dependencies also on the y and z coordinates):