Introduction to Thermodynamics E-Book

Simone Malacrida

• Herausgeber: Simone Malacrida
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022

Beschreibung

The following basic physics topics are presented in this book:
principles and laws of thermodynamics
thermodynamic cycles and multi-stage systems
heat transfer
kinetic theory of gases

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

"Introduction to Thermodynamics"

INTRODUCTION

THERMODYNAMICS

THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

"Introduction to Thermodynamics"

SIMONE MALACRIDA

The following basic physics topics are presented in this book:

principles and laws of thermodynamics

thermodynamic cycles and multi-stage systems

heat transfer

kinetic theory of gases

Simone Malacrida (1977)

Engineer and writer, has worked on research, finance, energy policy and industrial plants.

ANALYTICAL INDEX

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INTRODUCTION

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I - THERMODYNAMICS

Historical evolution

Definitions

The first law of thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics

The third law of thermodynamics

Maxwell and Helmholtz relations

Thermodynamic processes

Multi-phase systems and thermodynamic potentials

Statistical view

Heat transfer

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II - THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

Equipartition principle

Kinetic theory of gases

INTRODUCTION

In this handbook the physical sector related to thermodynamics is presented.

The fundamental laws are enunciated and the main parameters defined, such as the specific heats, the state functions and the thermodynamic coefficients.

The main thermodynamic cycles and phase transitions are also described, as well as the constitutive equations for heat transmission.

Finally, the kinetic theory of gases and the statistical vision deriving from thermodynamic concepts are presented.

What is presented in this book is generally carried out in Technical Physics courses at university level.

I

THERMODYNAMICS

Historical evolution

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The study of thermodynamics is one of those cases in modern physics which contradict the logical principle of cause and effect between theory and practice.

In fact, first there were the practical implications, such as the steam engine and the application of then unknown thermodynamic concepts and only later was a complete theoretical explanation given.

Among other things, the extent of the changes related to the application of the steam engine was of such considerable dimensions in social and economic terms that the term Industrial Revolution was coined to the period comprising the first three decades of the nineteenth century.

The first scientist who systematically studied thermodynamics was Carnot, to whom we owe the demonstration in 1824 of Carnot's theorem, the Carnot cycle and Carnot's ideal machine.

The same introduced the concepts of thermodynamic efficiency and work as heat exchange.

Subsequently Joule demonstrated, in 1850, the equality between the forms of energy deriving from heat and mechanical work, paving the way for the first law of thermodynamics.

In a parallel way, Kelvin and Clausius began to probe the differences between heat and work, coming to enunciate, separately, the second law of thermodynamics right at the turn of the mid-nineteenth century.