Preface.
Chapter One.
Chapter Two.
Chapter Three.
Chapter Four.
Chapter Five.
Chapter Six.
Chapter Seven.
Chapter Eight.
Chapter Nine.
Chapter Ten.
Chapter Eleven.
Chapter Twelve.
Chapter One.
The Cult of the
“Sister-Disciples.”The war has revealed many strange personalities in Europe,
but surely none so sinister or so remarkable as that of the
mock-monk Gregory Novikh—the middle-aged, uncleanly charlatan, now
happily dead, whom Russia knew as Rasputin.As one whose duty it was before the war to travel extensively
backwards and forwards across the face of Europe, in order to make
explorations into the underworld of the politics of those who might
be our friends—or enemies as Fate might decide—I heard much of the
drunken, dissolute scoundrel from Siberia who, beneath the cloak of
religion and asceticism, was attracting a host of silly, neurotic
women because he had invented a variation of the many new religions
known through all the ages from the days of Rameses the
Great.On one occasion, three years before the world-crisis, I found
myself at the obscure little fishing-village called Alexandrovsk,
on the Arctic shore, a grey rock-bound place into which the black
chill waves sweep with great violence and where, for four months in
the year, it is perpetual night. To-day, Alexandrovsk is a port
connected with Petrograd by railway, bad though it be, which passes
over the great marshy tundra, and in consequence has been of
greatest importance to Russia since the war.While inspecting the quays which had then just been
commenced, my friend Volkhovski, the Russian engineer, introduced
me to an unkempt disreputable-looking “pope” with remarkable
steel-grey eyes, whose appearance was distinctly uncleanly, and
whom I dismissed with a few polite words.
“That is Grichka (pronounced Greesh-ka), the miracle-worker!”
my friend explained after he had ambled away. “He is one of the
very few who has access to the Tsar at any hour.”
“Why?” I asked, instantly interested in the mysterious person
whose very name the Russian Censor would never allow to be even
mentioned in the newspapers.My friend shrugged his broad shoulders and grinned. “Many
strange stories are told of him in Moscow and in Petrograd,” he
said. “No doubt you have heard of his curious new religion, of his
dozen wives of noble birth who live together far away in
Pokrovsky!”I glanced back at the receding shock-haired figure in the
long black clerical coat and high boots, little dreaming that I had
met the mock-Saint whose evil influence was to cause the downfall
of the Imperial House of Romanoff.Strange it is that to-day I have before me the amazing
official reports of his career from revolutionary and private
sources—reports from which I intend to here set out certain
astounding facts.First, it is quite beyond question that the Pravoslavny
Church, with its malign influences and filthy practices, is, in the
main, responsible for Gregory Novikh’s success as a worker of bogus
“miracles.” The evil-minded libertine upon whom his
fellow-villagers in Pokrovsky, in the Siberian Province of Tobolsk,
bestowed the name of Rasputin (or in Russian, “Ne’er-do-well-son),”
was a fisherman who possessed an inordinate fondness for the
village lasses, and also for vodka. A mere illiterate mujik,
disgusting in his habits and bestial in his manners, he grew lazy
and dissolute, taking to theft and highway-robbery, for which,
according to the official report of the Court of Tobolsk, before
me, he was imprisoned twice, and a third time was publicly flogged
and so degraded that he was compelled to bid farewell to Pokrovsky,
much to the relief of the villagers. Behind him he left a peasant
wife, a little son, named Dmitri, and two daughters. He also left
behind him a handsome young peasant woman known as Guseva, a person
who was destined to contribute a few years later in no small
measure to his dramatic death. Sins always follow the
sinners.After a year or two of wandering as a rogue and vagabond,
committing thefts where he could, and betraying any woman he came
across, he suddenly conceived the brilliant idea of posing as a
“holy man.” This idea came to him because, while in Pokrovsky, he
had had as boon companion and fellow-drunkard a certain
market-gardener who had joined the Pravoslavny Church and is to-day
by his influence actually a bishop!In most Eastern countries, especially in India and China,
there are many wandering “holy men,” and modern Russia is no
exception. To lead a “gospel life” of endless pilgrimages to “holy”
places and to collect money for nonexistent charities appealed to
the fellow as an easy mode of lazy sensual self-indulgence.
Therefore he adopted it, being aided by the ex-market-gardener, who
was already in the Church. So both prospered exceedingly
well.Rasputin had by this time discovered himself possessed of
quite extraordinary powers. Indeed a report upon him written by a
great Russian alienist who knew him intimately, has recently
reached London, and from its voluminous pages which I have had
before me, I gather that both physiologically and psychically he
was abnormal, while his natural hypnotic influence was marked by
the rare power he possessed of being able to contract the pupils of
his steel-grey eyes at will, regardless of sunlight or shadow. Few
persons can do this. It is a sign well known to alienists that the
person is a criminal degenerate. Rasputin never smiled, even when
he drank heavily. He could consume three bottles of champagne and
still be quite sober! With vodka, his favourite spirit, he became
talkative, but never indiscreet. He was a lunatic of an intensely
erotic type; a satyr who possessed a truly appalling influence over
women of all ages, and even at his word men in high positions did
not hesitate to cast off their brilliant uniforms and decorations
and mortify their flesh!From this man, crafty, cunning and elusive, a fiendish satyr
whose hypnotic influence was irresistible, no woman, however
high-born, high-minded, or highly religious was safe. He lived upon
his wits, and lived well. With that amazing cunning usual in such
criminals he affected a deep piety, so that at the various
monasteries where he sought hospitality he was welcomed. In Russia
many of the religious houses still unfortunately savour of the most
disgraceful debauchery, as they did in England before the
Reformation, and at such institutions Rasputin became a popular
figure. At certain convents the mock-monk, with the connivance of
the Pravoslavny Church, was eagerly entertained by the dissolute
nuns, more especially at Novo Tchevkask, on the Don, as well as at
Viatka, and at Saratov, in Kasan.From the convent of Novo Dievichy (The Convent of the
Virgins) near the last-mentioned town, a great place which
overlooks the Volga half way to Wolgsk, some terrible scandals
leaked out, when the Mother-Superior, probably to save herself from
the public indignation, brought in four sturdy mujiks from the
countryside, who pitched the “Saint” out into the road, and
administered such a severe kicking that the “Holy Father”—as the
Tsaritza afterwards called him—could only creep about in pain for
many days after!Two months later, according to a report countersigned by Paul
Dragomrioff, superintendent of the Secret Police of Moscow—a screed
which, being somewhat ill-written, is difficult of
translation—Rasputin was in that city. I here quote from
it:—
“Report of Ivan Obroutcheff, Police-agent, Number 1287, of
the 2nd Division, Secret Police, stationed at Moscow. April
2nd:—
“According to instructions from Police Headquarters, I
visited at orders of Superintendent Dragomrioff, Number 136,
Tverskaia, next to Loukonture’s papier-maché factory at 1:35 a.m.
to-day. I there found in a carpeted but barely furnished room an
assembly of the cult of the Naked Believers kneeling before the
monk, Gregory Novikh. Twenty-eight persons, all being women,
fourteen of them ladies of birth and education, were present, and
as I entered with my eight assistants the ‘holy man’ stood at the
lectern, reading passages from the Gospel of St. Luke, interspersed
with his own exhortations of the trials of the flesh. The walls of
the room were decorated with disgusting pictures of a nature which
would shock the modesty of all but thedemi-monde, while behind the monk
Novikh hung a copy of the Holy Ikon of Novgorod.
“In accordance with instructions all present were arrested
after they had dressed, and I ordered them to be conducted to the
Central Police Bureau, where their names and addresses were taken,
and they were interrogated singly. Most of the midnight worshippers
expressed indignation, and more especially the ‘Saint’ Rasputin,
who demanded in the name of the Tsar that he might telegraph to the
Empress. My superior officer, Nemiloff, Chief of Secret Police of
Moscow, could not deny him this privilege. The result has been that
by eleven o’clock next day an order came from the Tsar for the
release of all the prisoners, and orders that no facts should be
permitted to appear in the Press. Grichka has left for the capital
by the 4:15 express this afternoon.
“Signed: Ivan Obroutcheff.”The report above quoted shows Rasputin in the early stages of
his shameless debauchery. In London we have had the notorious
Swami, with her male accomplice, practising similar acts upon
innocent girls, but in Moscow the drunken and verminous monk with
his hair-shirt, a rope around his waist and sandals upon his
bulging feet, had attracted a selectcoterieof society women, daughters and
wives of some of the greatest nobles of Russia, who, in secret and
with gold in their hands, vowed themselves as docile followers of
this Siberian fisherman whom nature had equipped as a satyr of such
a type that happily none has ever been known in Britain in all its
glorious years of history.I readily admit that the career of Grichka, the man whose
name the Censor does not allow to be mentioned, the sinister power
that later on so suddenly appeared behind the Russian throne and
whose true story I am here revealing, will appear incredible to my
readers. I have written many works of fiction which some, of you
may have read. But no work of mine has ever contained facts so
extraordinary as the real life of this unwashed charlatan who,
under the active protection of his debauched Church—and I write
here with a true and reverent sense of our Christian
religion—succeeded in establishing himself in the apartments of the
favourite lady-in-waiting upon the Empress, and further, to teach
his horrible “religion” to the innocent daughters of the Tsar in
turn!Much has already appeared in the newspapers regarding the
sturdy unkempt rogue, but the greater part of it has emanated from
the brains of writers who have not had access to official
documents.In these present articles my intention is to tell the British
public the bare unvarnished truth culled from documentary evidence
at my disposal, and to leave them to form their own conclusions.
Russia, our great Ally, is, alas, still mysterious and much behind
the times. True, she has a press, a Duma, and many modern social
institutions. Yet her civilisation is only upon the surface. The
Empire is, unfortunately, still the same as England was under the
Tudors, an underworld of profligacy, plotting, and strange
superstitions. The latter have, of course, been recently revived in
London, as is proved by the prosecution of the fortune-tellers of
Regent Street and St. John’s Wood. Again, were not the scandals of
the “Abode of Love” much the same as that of Rasputin’s dozen-wived
harem which he established in Pokrovsky?The criminal records of Holy Russia teem with amazing stories
of this “holy” scoundrel who from a drunken Siberian fisherman
rose, by erotic suggestion, to become the greatest consolation to
the Empress, and the lever by which “Nikki the Autocrat” was flung
from his throne.I remember how, when in Sofia, in the pre-war days with Sir
George Buchanan, then our Minister to Bulgaria, and now ambassador
to Russia, a cultured and clever diplomat to whom Great Britain
owes more than she can ever know, and hence cannot acknowledge, we
discussed the mystery of Russia and of the subtle influences near
the Throne.Little did either of us dream that he would now be ambassador
to the Russian Court, and I would be writing this exposure of the
evil life of the blasphemous satyr Rasputin.The cult established by the pilgrimages of this illiterate
peasant grew apace. The “holy father” whose disgraceful past is
recorded in the policedossiersat Tyumen and Tobolsk had, by his astounding power of
hypnotism, gathered around him a crowd of “Sister-disciples,”
mostly of the upper and leisured classes, to whom the new religion
of nature strongly appealed.Upon his constant pilgrimages to Jaroslav, Vologda, Vitebsk,
Orel and other places, he made converts everywhere. He declared
that no woman could obtain favour of the Almighty without first
committing sexual sin, because that sin was the one which was
forgiven above all others. At his weekly séances at which, strange
to say, the highest born ladies in the Empire attended in secret,
the most disgraceful scenes were witnessed, the dirty unwashed
monk, a most repellent creature to all save his “disciples,” acting
as the high-priest of this erotic sisterhood.Soon the disgusting rogue began to perform “miracles.” Into
his confidence he took a young man named Ilya Kousmitch—who, be it
said, afterwards made certain statements to those who at last meted
out justice and who provided me with certain details—and with the
young fellow’s connivance he succeeded in bamboozling a number of
perfectly respectable and honest women in Petrograd, as well as in
Moscow and Kiev, where he effected some really mysterious
“cures.”In one instance at the house of a certain Madame Litvinoff,
in the Sergiyevskaya, the most fashionable quarter of Petrograd,
the man known as “the Stareb,” or “Grichka,” held a select meeting
of his followers. The shameless charlatan treated the ladies who
had assembled to worship him and to contribute lavishly to his
imaginary charities, with the greatest disdain and most brutal
contempt. This man, guilty of the most appalling vices, addressed
them as usual in a strange illiterate jumble, urging them to follow
the new religion which he called “the trial of the flesh,”
interspersing his remarks with occult jargon from works upon black
magic, interlarded with those self-same scriptural quotations which
will be found marked in that big Bible used by the Swami and her
fellow-criminal—a volume now preserved in the Black Museum at
Scotland Yard.One of the women present, a certain Baroness Korotki, was
suffering from acute rheumatism. The “Saint” placed his hands upon
her, looked into her eyes with that intense unwavering stare of
his, uttered some strange incantation, and lo! the pains left her,
and she declared herself healed! The effect was electrical. Others
declared themselves suffering from various imaginary maladies, and
after performing certain rites as laid down by the “Holy Father,”
he laid hands upon them one after the other, and hypnotised them
into a belief that they were cured.Next day reports of these amazing “cures” ran like wildfire
through Petrograd, and the superstitious lower-classes were at once
seized by a belief that the Saint “Grichka,” head of the
fast-growing organisation of thinly disguised sensuality, was
really a holy man and could work miracles. Around him crowded the
halt and maimed and the blind, and aided by his accomplice Ilya
Kousmitch, he not only pretended to effect cures, but succeeded in
making many more converts among the lower-class women by declaring,
as he had told the society dames, that there was in him a portion
of the Divine with whom, as he put it, “all that would be saved
must be one in the flesh and in the spirit!”At one of his reunions, held a week or so later at Madame
Litvinoff’s, there attended Madame Vyrubova, the handsome leading
lady-in-waiting at Court, and the chamber-confidante of both Tsar
and Tsaritza. Like the others, this intriguing woman at once fell
beneath the mock-monk’s inexplicable spell. His new religion of the
flesh appealed to her erotic temperament, and she at once became
one of his most passionate devotees, a few days later introducing
him at Court with astonishing result.The subtle intrigues of Madame Vyrubova were many.As chamber-confidante of both Emperor and Empress she had for
a long time assisted in the spiritualistic séances which were given
in private at Tsarskoe-Selo by a Russian monk named Helidor and his
French friend, known as “Philippe.” The young Tsarevitch was in a
state of fast-declining health, and Helidor, as a “holy man,” had,
at Madame’s suggestion, been called in to pray for him.
Spiritualistic practices followed in strictest secrecy, and the
credulous Empress first believed that the “holy man’s” dealings
with the unseen were resulting in a beneficial effect upon the
weakly lad.At last, however, owing to. Court intrigue, Helidor fell out
of favour. It was just after this when Anna Vyrubova first met and
fell beneath the evil influence of Rasputin. Grichka was a
“miracle-worker,” and might, she thought, perhaps restore the
Tsarevitch to health! She knew that the Empress, a shallow-minded,
ephemeral woman, lived for one object alone, namely, to secure for
her son the crown of Romanoff. But the physicians gave but little
hope of this. In a year—perhaps before—he must die, they had
whispered. Helidor had been dismissed. Would Rasputin be more
successful?Madame sought out the charlatan who was busy with many
“cures,” and suggested that he should accompany her to the Palace,
but with lordly disdain the drunken fisherman from Pokrovsky
declared that to him all men and women were equal.To a friend, a certain Madame Kovalenko, wife of one of the
high Court officials, Madame Vyrubova described this interview. It
took place in Petrograd at the house of a rich merchant living in
the Tavritsheskaya, opposite the gardens. When the lady-in-waiting,
who had, like so many others, fallen beneath his spell, had made
the suggestion that the master should be introduced to the Court
circle, he placed his left hand behind his back, a favourite
attitude of his, drew himself up and began to address her in that
strange jargon which she hardly understood—quotations from the
“Lives of the Saints” jumbled up with lewd suggestions, high
phrases, and meaningless sentences. As conclusion to this speech,
however, the wily fellow added:
“I care nothing for the rulers of earth, but only for the
Ruler of Heaven, who has bestowed upon me His blessing, and has led
me into the path of honour, righteousness and peace. The rulers, of
earth worship in their chapels and their tinsel cathedrals, but I
worship everywhere, in the air, in the woods, in the streets, and
you, lady, worship with me in body and in soul.” And he raised his
cold eyes upward, his right hand with its bulgy joints and broken
dirty finger nails being placed across his breast. Then he sighed,
as he added: “Ah! you do not yet understand! God has placed within
me the power to smite—as well as to heal.”Madame Vyrubova, fascinated by his strange hypnotic glance,
fell upon her knees before the “Saint,” and kissing his bulgy
unclean hand begged of him again and again to see the
Empress.But the artful scoundrel remained obdurate. He knew of
Helidor’s disgrace, and did not intend to hold himself at all
cheaply.The result was that Madame Vyrubova sought him next day and,
handed him an autograph note from the Empress inviting him to come
to the Winter Palace and see the Grand Duke Alexis. He read it,
secretly much gratified, for he knew that not only had his latest
devotee prevailed upon the Empress to seek the aid of another
Russian monk to succeed the degraded Helidor, but that the
Pravoslavny Church, the most powerful influence of State
governance, had also been responsible for the invitation he held
within his dirty fingers.From that moment Rasputin’s power became assured—a power he
wielded for evil from that hour until the day of his well-deserved
end.When that grey afternoon the unkempt libertine was introduced
to the small white-and-gold private salon of the Empress, which
overlooks the gardens and the Neva on the northern wing of the
palace, the Princess Obolensky, Princess Orbeliani and Countess
Hendrikoff, maids-of-honour, were with Her Majesty, curious to see
what manner of man it was who could perform miracles, and whom so
many of the Society women in Petrograd and Moscow now acknowledged
and addressed as “Master.”Upon the threshold the mock-monk halted, and in that dramatic
attitude, struck in order to impress his hearers, he stood with his
left arm behind him, erect, with his unkempt head thrown back, his
face stern and relentless, his grey eyes sharp and
piercing.For some moments he remained there in statuesque silence,
well-knowing how women were impressed by that pose. The hypnotism
of those grey eyes few of the opposite sex could withstand. His
conquests, or “conversions” as he termed them—were in every
direction, and in every city. The Cult of the Naked Believers had
rapidly spread everywhere. He was besieged by female disciples
eager to hold meetings, for without the actual presence of the
Saint true worship of the erotic could not take place.
“Great Lady!” he exclaimed at last in his deep, heavy voice,
still that of the Siberian mujik, “you desire me here? I have
come!”The Empress rose and stretching out her hand eagerly welcomed
the unholy charlatan into the Court circle, and half-an-hour later
introduced him to fully a dozen of the highest-born women of the
Empire, all of whom were at once impressed by his affected piety
and humility. But a “dark force” had now entered the very heart of
Russia, and later that afternoon, in a luxuriously furnished
bedroom the miracle-worker was shown the poor little Heir to the
Throne lying upon his sick couch, he placed hands upon him, and Her
Majesty herself fell victim to that strange spell which other women
had found so indescribable and so inexplicable.
“I will cure your son,” said Rasputin slowly, after he had
knelt beside him and looked long and earnestly into his eyes
without uttering a word.Madame Vyrubova was present and exchanged glances of relief
with the Empress. To the latter, easily impressionable as she was,
though all believed her to be a staid mother of a family, Rasputin
became at once a Saint, a Divine agent, a miraculous guide. He had
cured the poor; why could he not, if he willed it, cure her
son?Then in the days that followed “incidents” occurred in the
Palace. At select assemblies of one or two of the Empress’s
confidantes—parties, of course, arranged by Madame Vyrubova,
Rasputin expounded his shameless “religion.” His jargon, the
jumbled phrases of an illiterate peasant who knew not the meaning
of what he uttered, his exhortations to commit sin so that it might
be forgiven, his declaration of self-divinity, and his odds and
ends of scripture mixed with the foulest vocabulary of Russian, was
listened to with bated breath. Why?Because, strange though it may seem, the health of the young
Grand Duke Alexis had taken a sudden turn for the better. Even his
physicians were compelled to acknowledge it!Whether the latter were in any way under the influence of
Rasputin by means of money-payment—for the fellow had by this time
acquired a considerable fortune from his dupes—has not yet been
ascertained. One thing, however, is shown in the documents before
me, namely, that the mock-monk’s “miracles” were often effected by
means of secret drugs of which he had quite a curious ex
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