Schools of Linguistics E-Book

El Mouatamid Ben Rochd

• Herausgeber: Books on Demand
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Seitenzahl: 23

Beschreibung

THIS BOOK From time immemorial, language was seen as a fascinating enigma by many. It included philosophers, religious men, psychologists, politicians, and sometimes even the layman. To answer the big question "what is language?" this book opens the door to the most famous specialists over a large and long range in time and space. It starts from ancient Panini to modern structuralists and cognitivists such as Saussure Bloomfield and Chomsky.

Leseprobe

Schools of Linguistics

Ben RochdContentsIntroductionWHY STUDY LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS?INDIAN TRADITION: PANINIGREEK AND LATIN LINGUISTICSPLATOARISTOTLEDONATUSARABIC TRADITIONSIBAWAIHIIBN JINNIPORT ROYALHISTORICISM GRIMM’S LAWSTRUCTURALISM : FERDINAND DE SAUSSUREHJELMSLEVPRAGUE LINGUISTIC CIRCLEROMAN JAKOBSONANDRÉ MARTINETWILLIAM LABOVLONDON SCHOOLLE PAGEWITTGENSTEINUS STRUCTURALISMKENNETH PIKELEONARD BLOOMFIELDSAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESISAVRAM NOAM CHOMSKYCONCLUSIONAPPENDICESBibliographyCopyright

Ben Rochd

SCHOOLS

OF

LINGUISTICS

Contents

Introduction WHY STUDY LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS? INDIAN TRADITION PANINI GREEK AND LATIN LINGUISTICS PLATO ARISTOTLE DONATUS ARABIC TRADITION SIBAWAIHI IBN JINNI PORT ROYAL HISTORICISM GRIMM’S LAW STRUCTURALISM FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE HJELMSLEV PRAGUE LINGUISTIC CIRCLE ROMAN JAKOBSON ANDRÉ MARTINET WILLIAM LABOV LONDON SCHOOL LE PAGE WITTGENSTEIN US STRUCTURALISM KENNETH PIKE LEONARD BLOOMFIELD SAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESIS AVRAM NOAM CHOMSKY Conclusion Appendices Bibliography

Introduction

LANGUAGE is basically the same and should have a universal structure, whereas the theories and schools of linguistics differ enormously, as attested by Fassi-Fehri (1982), ‘linguistic relations can be determined as grammaticality, ambiguity, synonymy, entailment, analycity, contradiction, etc. To give adequate answers to these problems, we needed to fix a set of methods, principles and constrains so as to give an appropriate description of languages. But soon, each linguistic trend or school diverges in a special way and takes its unique specific axioms and methods not shared by others.’ Attempts to study language are not completely modern, there are indeed modern, as well as ancient schools and leading figures including: Jacob Grimm, who devised the principle of consonantal shifts in pronunciation known as Grimm’s law 1822. Ferdinand de Saussure was the founder of modern structural linguistics. Edward Sapir, a leader in American structural linguistics, was one of the first who explored the relations between language studies and anthropology. His methodology had strong influence on all his successors. Noam Chomsky’s formal model of language, transformational- generative grammar, developed under the influence of his teacher Zellig Harris, who was in turn strongly influenced by Leonard Bloomfield, as been the dominant one from the 1960’s. Michael Halliday, whose systemic functional grammar is pursued widely in the UK, Canada, Australia, china and Japan. Dell Hymes, who developed a pragmatic approach called the ethnography of speaking.

WHY STUDY LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS?

To answer this big question, “why study linguistics?” we may quote Chomsky: In our intellectual tradition going back to the Greeks, it has always been assumed, and I think correctly, that the most important topic to study is the human being, the question what is the nature of humans, and in particular, how the human mind