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- Herausgeber: Charles River Editors
- Kategorie: Ratgeber
- Sprache: Englisch
- Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018
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THE ORISON SWETT MARDEN COLLECTION
Orison Swett Marden
KYPROS PRESS
Thank you for reading. In the event that you appreciate this book, please show the author some love.
This book is a work of nonfiction and is intended to be factually accurate.
All rights reserved. Aside from brief quotations for media coverage and reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced or distributed in any form without the author’s permission. Thank you for supporting authors and a diverse, creative culture by purchasing this book and complying with copyright laws.
Copyright © 2015 by Orison Swett Marden
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pushing to the Front
CHAPTER I: THE MAN AND THE OPPORTUNITY
CHAPTER II: WANTED—A MAN
CHAPTER III: BOYS WITH NO CHANCE
CHAPTER IV: THE COUNTRY BOY
CHAPTER V: OPPORTUNITIES WHERE YOU ARE
CHAPTER VI: POSSIBILITIES IN SPARE MOMENTS
CHAPTER VII: HOW POOR BOYS AND GIRLS GO TO COLLEGE
CHAPTER VIII: YOUR OPPORTUNITY CONFRONTS YOU—WHAT WILL YOU DO WITH IT?
CHAPTER IX: ROUND BOYS IN SQUARE HOLES
CHAPTER X: WHAT CAREER?
CHAPTER XI: CHOOSING A VOCATION
CHAPTER XII: CONCENTRATED ENERGY
CHAPTER XIII: THE TRIUMPHS OF ENTHUSIASM.
CHAPTER XIV: “ON TIME,” OR THE TRIUMPH OF PROMPTNESS
CHAPTER XV: WHAT A GOOD APPEARANCE WILL DO
CHAPTER XVI: PERSONALITY AS A SUCCESS ASSET
CHAPTER XVII: IF YOU CAN TALK WELL
CHAPTER XVIII: A FORTUNE IN GOOD MANNERS
CHAPTER XIX: SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS AND TIMIDITY FOES TO SUCCESS
CHAPTER XX: TACT OR COMMON SENSE
CHAPTER XXI: ENAMORED OF ACCURACY
CHAPTER XXII: DO IT TO A FINISH
CHAPTER XXIII: THE REWARD OF PERSISTENCE
CHAPTER XXIV: NERVE—GRIP, PLUCK
CHAPTER XXV: CLEAR GRIT
CHAPTER XXVI: SUCCESS UNDER DIFFICULTIES
CHAPTER XXVII: USES OF OBSTACLES
CHAPTER XXVIII: DECISION
CHAPTER XXIX: OBSERVATION AS A SUCCESS FACTOR
CHAPTER XXX: SELF-HELP
CHAPTER XXXI: THE SELF-IMPROVEMENT HABIT
CHAPTER XXXII: RAISING OF VALUES
CHAPTER XXXIII: SELF-IMPROVEMENT THROUGH PUBLIC SPEAKING
CHAPTER XXXIV: THE TRIUMPHS OF THE COMMON VIRTUES
CHAPTER XXXV: GETTING AROUSED
CHAPTER XXXVI: THE MAN WITH AN IDEA
CHAPTER XXXVII: DARE
CHAPTER XXXVIII: THE WILL AND THE WAY
CHAPTER XXXIX: ONE UNWAVERING AIM
CHAPTER XL: WORK AND WAIT
CHAPTER XLI: THE MIGHT OF LITTLE THINGS
CHAPTER XLII: THE SALARY YOU DO NOT FIND IN YOUR PAY ENVELOPE
CHAPTER XLIII: EXPECT GREAT THINGS OF YOURSELF
CHAPTER XLIV: THE NEXT TIME YOU THINK YOU ARE A FAILURE
CHAPTER XLV: STAND FOR SOMETHING
CHAPTER XLVI: NATURE’S LITTLE BILL
CHAPTER XLVII: HABIT—THE SERVANT,—THE MASTER
CHAPTER XLVIII: THE CIGARETTE
CHAPTER XLIX: THE POWER OF PURITY
CHAPTER L: THE HABIT OF HAPPINESS
CHAPTER LI: PUT BEAUTY INTO YOUR LIFE
CHAPTER LII: EDUCATION BY ABSORPTION
CHAPTER LIII: THE POWER OF SUGGESTION
CHAPTER LIV: THE CURSE OF WORRY
CHAPTER LV: TAKE A PLEASANT THOUGHT TO BED WITH YOU
CHAPTER LVI: THE CONQUEST OF POVERTY
CHAPTER LVII: A NEW WAY OF BRINGING UP CHILDREN
CHAPTER LVIII: THE HOME AS A SCHOOL OF GOOD MANNERS
CHAPTER LIX: MOTHER
CHAPTER LX: WHY SO MANY MARRIED WOMEN DETERIORATE
CHAPTER LXI: THRIFT
CHAPTER LXII: A COLLEGE EDUCATION AT HOME
CHAPTER LXIII: DISCRIMINATION IN READING
CHAPTER LXIV: READING A SPUR TO AMBITION
CHAPTER LXV: WHY SOME SUCCEED AND OTHERS FAIL
CHAPTER LXVI: RICH WITHOUT MONEY
The Victorious Attitude
CHAPTER I: THE VICTORIOUS ATTITUDE
CHAPTER II: “ACCORDING TO THY FAITH”
CHAPTER III: DOUBT THE TRAITOR
CHAPTER IV: MAKING DREAMS COME TRUE
CHAPTER V: A NEW ROSARY
CHAPTER VI: ATTRACTING THE POORHOUSE
CHAPTER VII: MAKING YOURSELF A PROSPERITY MAGNET
CHAPTER VIII: THE SUGGESTION OF INFERIORITY
CHAPTER IX: HAVE YOU TRIED LOVE’S WAY?
CHAPTER X: WHERE YOUR SUPPLY IS
CHAPTER XI: THE TRIUMPH OF HEALTH IDEALS
CHAPTER XII: YOU ARE HEADED TOWARD YOUR IDEAL
CHAPTER XIII: HOW TO MAKE THE BRAIN WORK FOR US DURING SLEEP
CHAPTER XIV: PREPARING THE MIND FOR SLEEP
CHAPTER XV: HOW TO STAY YOUNG
CHAPTER XVI: OUR ONENESS WITH INFINITE LIFE
An Iron Will
CHAPTER I. TRAINING THE WILL.
CHAPTER II. THE RULERS OF DESTINY.
CHAPTER III. FORCE OF WILL IN CAMP AND FIELD.
CHAPTER IV. WILL POWER IN ITS RELATION TO HEALTH AND DISEASE.
CHAPTER V. THE ROMANCE OF ACHIEVEMENT UNDER DIFFICULTIES.
CHAPTER VI. STAYING POWER.
CHAPTER VII. THE DEGREE OF “O.O.”
Cheerfulness as a Life Power
A FOREWORD.
I. WHAT VANDERBILT PAID FOR TWELVE LAUGHS.
II. THE CURE FOR AMERICANITIS.
III. OILING YOUR BUSINESS MACHINERY.
IV. TAKING YOUR FUN EVERY DAY AS YOU DO YOUR WORK.
V. FINDING WHAT YOU DO NOT SEEK.
VI. “LOOKING PLEASANT"—SOMETHING TO BE WORKED FROM THE INSIDE.
VII. THE SUNSHINE-MAN.
How to Succeed; Or, Stepping-Stones to Fame and Fortune
CHAPTER I. FIRST, BE A MAN.
CHAPTER II. SEIZE YOUR OPPORTUNITY.
CHAPTER III. HOW DID HE BEGIN?
CHAPTER IV. OUT OF PLACE.
CHAPTER V. WHAT SHALL I DO?
CHAPTER VI. WILL YOU PAY THE PRICE?
CHAPTER VII. FOUNDATION STONES.
CHAPTER VIII. THE CONQUEST OF OBSTACLES.
CHAPTER IX. DEAD IN EARNEST.
CHAPTER X. TO BE GREAT, CONCENTRATE.
CHAPTER XI. AT ONCE.
CHAPTER XII. THOROUGHNESS.
CHAPTER XIII. TRIFLES.
CHAPTER XIV. COURAGE.
CHAPTER XV. WILL-POWER.
CHAPTER XVI. GUARD YOUR WEAK POINT.
CHAPTER XVII. STICK.
CHAPTER XVIII. SAVE.
CHAPTER XIX. LIVE UPWARD.
CHAPTER XX. “SAND.”
CHAPTER XXI. ABOVE RUBIES.
CHAPTER XXII. MORAL SUNSHINE.
CHAPTER XXIII. HOLD UP YOUR HEAD.
CHAPTER XXIV. BOOKS AND SUCCESS.
CHAPTER XXV. RICHES WITHOUT WINGS.
Eclectic School Readings: Stories from Life
TO-DAY
“THE MILL BOY OF THE SLASHES”
THE GREEK SLAVE WHO WON THE OLIVE CROWN
TURNING POINTS IN THE LIFE OF A HERO
HE AIMED HIGH AND HIT THE MARK
THE EVOLUTION OF A VIOLINIST
THE LESSON OF THE TEAKETTLE
HOW THE ART OF PRINTING WAS DISCOVERED
SEA FEVER AND WHAT IT LED TO
GLADSTONE FOUND TIME TO BE KIND
A TRIBUNE OF THE PEOPLE
THE MIGHT OF PATIENCE
THE INSPIRATION OF GAMBETTA
ANDREW JACKSON THE BOY WHO “NEVER WOULD GIVE UP”
SIR HUMPHRY DAVY’S GREATEST DISCOVERY, MICHAEL FARADAY
THE TRIUMPH OF CANOVA
FRANKLIN’S LESSON ON TIME VALUE
FROM STORE BOY TO MILLIONAIRE
“I WILL PAINT OR DIE!”
THE CALL THAT SPEAKS IN THE BLOOD
WASHINGTON’S YOUTHFUL HEROISM
A COW HIS CAPITAL
THE BOY WHO SAID “I MUST”
THE HIDDEN TREASURE
LOVE TAMED THE LION
“THERE IS ROOM ENOUGH AT THE TOP”
THE UPLIFT OF A SLAVE BOY’S IDEAL
“TO THE FIRST ROBIN”
THE “WIZARD” AS AN EDITOR
HOW GOOD FORTUNE CAME TO PIERRE
A BOY WHO KNEW NOT FEAR
HOW STANLEY FOUND LIVINGSTONE
THE NESTOR OF AMERICAN JOURNALISTS
THE MAN WITH AN IDEA
“BERNARD OF THE TUILERIES”
HOW THE “LEARNED BLACKSMITH” FOUND TIME
THE LEGEND OF WILLIAM TELL
“WESTWARD HO!”
THREE GREAT AMERICAN SONGS AND THEIR AUTHORS
TRAINING FOR GREATNESS
THE MARBLE WAITETH
The Orison Swett Marden Collection
By
Orison Swett Marden
PUSHING TO THE FRONT
CHAPTER I: THE MAN AND THE OPPORTUNITY
No man is born into this world whose work is not born with him.—LOWELL.
Things don’t turn up in this world until somebody turns them up.—GARFIELD.
Vigilance in watching opportunity; tact and daring in seizing upon opportunity; force and persistence in crowding opportunity to its utmost of possible achievement—these are the martial virtues which must command success.—AUSTIN PHELPS.
“I will find a way or make one.”
There never was a day that did not bring its own opportunity for doing good that never could have been done before, and never can be again.—W. H. BURLEIGH.
“Are you in earnest? Seize this very minute;
What you can do, or dream you can, begin it.”
“If we succeed, what will the world say?” asked Captain Berry in delight, when Nelson had explained his carefully formed plan before the battle of the Nile.
“There is no if in the case,” replied Nelson. “That we shall succeed is certain. Who may live to tell the tale is a very different question.” Then, as his captains rose from the council to go to their respective ships, he added: “Before this time to-morrow I shall have gained a peerage or Westminster Abbey.” His quick eye and daring spirit saw an opportunity of glorious victory where others saw only probable defeat.
“Is it POSSIBLE to cross the path?” asked Napoleon of the engineers who had been sent to explore the dreaded pass of St. Bernard. “Perhaps,” was the hesitating reply, “it is within the limits of possibility.”
“FORWARD THEN,” said the Little Corporal, without heeding their account of apparently insurmountable difficulties. England and Austria laughed in scorn at the idea of transporting across the Alps, where “no wheel had ever rolled, or by any possibility could roll,” an army of sixty thousand men, with ponderous artillery, tons of cannon balls and baggage, and all the bulky munitions of war. But the besieged Massena was starving in Genoa, and the victorious Austrians thundered at the gates of Nice, and Napoleon was not the man to fail his former comrades in their hour of peril.
When this “impossible” deed was accomplished, some saw that it might have been done long before. Others excused themselves from encountering such gigantic obstacles by calling them insuperable. Many a commander had possessed the necessary supplies, tools, and rugged soldiers, but lacked the grit and resolution of Bonaparte, who did not shrink from mere difficulties, however great, but out of his very need made and mastered his opportunity.
Grant at New Orleans had just been seriously injured by a fall from his horse, when he received orders to take command at Chattanooga, so sorely beset by the Confederates that its surrender seemed only a question of a few days; for the hills around were all aglow by night with the camp-fires of the enemy, and supplies had been cut off. Though in great pain, he immediately gave directions for his removal to the new scene of action.
On transports up the Mississippi, the Ohio, and one of its tributaries; on a litter borne by horses for many miles through the wilderness; and into the city at last on the shoulders of four men, he was taken to Chattanooga. Things assumed a different aspect immediately. A master had arrived who was equal to the situation. The army felt the grip of his power. Before he could mount his horse he ordered an advance, and although the enemy contested the ground inch by inch, the surrounding hills were soon held by Union soldiers.
Were these things the result of chance, or were they compelled by the indominable determination of the injured General?
Did things adjust themselves when Horatius with two companions held ninety thousand Tuscans at bay until the bridge across the Tiber had been destroyed?—when Leonidas at Thermopylae checked the mighty march of Xerxes?—when Themistocles, off the coast of Greece, shattered the Persian’s Armada?—when Caesar, finding his army hard pressed, seized spear and buckler, fought while he reorganized his men, and snatched victory from defeat?—when Winkelried gathered to his heart a sheaf of Austrian spears, thus opening a path through which his comrades pressed to freedom?—when for years Napoleon did not lose a single battle in which he was personally engaged?—when Wellington fought in many climes without ever being conquered?—when Ney, on a hundred fields, changed apparent disaster into brilliant triumph?—when Perry left the disabled Lawrence, rowed to the Niagara, and silenced the British guns?—when Sheridan arrived from Winchester just as the Union retreat was becoming a rout, and turned the tide by riding along the line?—when Sherman, though sorely pressed, signaled his men to hold the fort, and they, knowing that their leader was coming, held it?
History furnishes thousands of examples of men who have seized occasions to accomplish results deemed impossible by those less resolute. Prompt decision and whole-souled action sweep the world before them.
True, there has been but one Napoleon; but, on the other hand, the Alps that oppose the progress of the average American youth are not as high or dangerous as the summits crossed by the great Corsican.
Don’t wait for extraordinary opportunities. Seize common occasions and make them great.
On the morning of September 6, 1838, a young woman in the Longstone Lighthouse, between England and Scotland, was awakened by shrieks of agony rising above the roar of wind and wave. A storm of unwonted fury was raging, and her parents could not hear the cries; but a telescope showed nine human beings clinging to the windlass of a wrecked vessel whose bow was hanging on the rocks half a mile away. “We can do nothing,” said William Darling, the light-keeper. “Ah, yes, we must go to the rescue,” exclaimed his daughter, pleading tearfully with both father and mother, until the former replied: “Very well, Grace, I will let you persuade me, though it is against my better judgment.” Like a feather in a whirlwind the little boat was tossed on the tumultuous sea, but, borne on the blast that swept the cruel surge, the shrieks of those shipwrecked sailors seemed to change her weak sinews into cords of steel. Strength hitherto unsuspected came from somewhere, and the heroic girl pulled one oar in even time with her father. At length the nine were safely on board. “God bless you; but ye’re a bonny English lass,” said one poor fellow, as he looked wonderingly upon this marvelous girl, who that day had done a deed which added more to England’s glory than the exploits of many of her monarchs.
“If you will let me try, I think I can make something that will do,” said a boy who had been employed as a scullion at the mansion of Signer Faliero, as the story is told by George Cary Eggleston. A large company had been invited to a banquet, and just before the hour the confectioner, who had been making a large ornament for the table, sent word that he had spoiled the piece. “You!” exclaimed the head servant, in astonishment; “and who are you?” “I am Antonio Canova, the grandson of Pisano, the stone-cutter,” replied the pale-faced little fellow.
“And pray, what can you do?” asked the major-domo. “I can make you something that will do for the middle of the table, if you’ll let me try.” The servant was at his wits’ end, so he told Antonio to go ahead and see what he could do. Calling for some butter, the scullion quickly molded a large crouching lion, which the admiring major-domo placed upon the table.
Dinner was announced, and many of the most noted merchants, princes, and noblemen of Venice were ushered into the dining-room. Among them were skilled critics of art work. When their eyes fell upon the butter lion, they forgot the purpose for which they had come in their wonder at such a work of genius. They looked at the lion long and carefully, and asked Signer Faliero what great sculptor had been persuaded to waste his skill upon such a temporary material. Faliero could not tell; so he asked the head servant, who brought Antonio before the company.
When the distinguished guests learned that the lion had been made in a short time by a scullion, the dinner was turned into a feast in his honor. The rich host declared that he would pay the boy’s expenses under the best masters, and he kept his word. Antonio was not spoiled by his good fortune, but remained at heart the same simple, earnest, faithful boy who had tried so hard to become a good stone-cutter in the shop of Pisano. Some may not have heard how the boy Antonio took advantage of this first great opportunity; but all know of Canova, one of the greatest sculptors of all time.
Weak men wait for opportunities, strong men make them.
“The best men,” says E. H. Chapin, “are not those who have waited for chances but who have taken them; besieged the chance; conquered the chance; and made chance the servitor.”
There may not be one chance in a million that you will ever receive unusual aid; but opportunities are often presented which you can improve to good advantage, if you will only act.
The lack of opportunity is ever the excuse of a weak, vacillating mind. Opportunities! Every life is full of them. Every lesson in school or college is an opportunity. Every examination is a chance in life. Every patient is an opportunity. Every newspaper article is an opportunity. Every client is an opportunity. Every sermon is an opportunity. Every business transaction is an opportunity,—an opportunity to be polite,—an opportunity to be manly,—an opportunity to be honest,—an opportunity to make friends. Every proof of confidence in you is a great opportunity. Every responsibility thrust upon your strength and your honor is priceless. Existence is the privilege of effort, and when that privilege is met like a man, opportunities to succeed along the line of your aptitude will come faster than you can use them. If a slave like Fred Douglass, who did not even own his body, can elevate himself into an orator, editor, statesman, what ought the poorest white boy to do, who is rich in opportunities compared with Douglass?
It is the idle man, not the great worker, who is always complaining that he has no time or opportunity. Some young men will make more out of the odds and ends of opportunities which many carelessly throw away than other will get out of a whole life-time. Like bees, they extract honey from every flower. Every person they meet, every circumstance of the day, adds something to their store of useful knowledge or personal power.
“There is nobody whom Fortune does not visit once in his life,” says a cardinal; “but when she finds he is not ready to receive her, she goes in at the door and out at the window.”
Cornelius Vanderbilt saw his opportunity in the steamboat, and determined to identify himself with steam navigation. To the surprise of all his friends, he abandoned his prosperous business and took command of one of the first steamboats launched, at a salary of one thousand dollars a year. Livingston and Fulton had acquired the sole right to navigate New York waters by steam, but Vanderbilt thought the law unconstitutional, and defied it until it was repealed. He soon became a steamboat owner. When the government was paying a large subsidy for carrying the European mails, he offered to carry them free and give better service. His offer was accepted, and in this way he soon built up an enormous freight and passenger traffic.
Foreseeing the great future of railroads in a country like ours, he plunged into railroad enterprises with all his might, laying the foundation for the vast Vanderbilt system of to-day.
Young Philip Armour joined the long caravan of Forty-Niners, and crossed the “Great American Desert” with all his possessions in a prairie schooner drawn by mules. Hard work and steady gains carefully saved in the mines enabled him to start, six years later, in the grain and warehouse business in Milwaukee. In nine years he made five hundred thousand dollars. But he saw his great opportunity in Grant’s order, “On to Richmond.” One morning in 1864 he knocked at the door of Plankinton, partner in his venture as a pork packer. “I am going to take the next train to New York,” said he, “to sell pork ‘short.’ Grant and Sherman have the rebellion by the throat, and pork will go down to twelve dollars a barrel.” This was his opportunity. He went to New York and offered pork in large quantities at forty dollars per barrel. It was eagerly taken. The shrewd Wall Street speculators laughed at the young Westerner, and told him pork would go to sixty dollars, for the war was not nearly over. Mr. Armour, however, kept on selling, Grant continued to advance. Richmond fell, pork fell with it to twelve dollars a barrel, and Mr. Armour cleared two millions of dollars.
John D. Rockefeller saw his opportunity in petroleum. He could see a large population in this country with very poor lights. Petroleum was plentiful, but the refining process was so crude that the product was inferior, and not wholly safe. Here was Rockefeller’s chance. Taking into partnership Samuel Andrews, the porter in a machine shop where both men had worked, he started a single barrel “still” in 1870, using an improved process discovered by his partner. They made a superior grade of oil and prospered rapidly. They admitted a third partner, Mr. Flagler, but Andrews soon became dissatisfied. “What will you take for your interest?” asked Rockefeller. Andrews wrote carelessly on a piece of paper, “One million dollars.” Within twenty-four hours Mr. Rockefeller handed him the amount, saying, “Cheaper at one million than ten.” In twenty years the business of the little refinery, scarcely worth one thousand dollars for building and apparatus, had grown into the Standard Oil Trust, capitalized at ninety millions of dollars, with stock quoted at 170, giving a market value of one hundred and fifty millions.
These are illustrations of seizing opportunity for the purpose of making money. But fortunately there is a new generation of electricians, of engineers, of scholars, of artists, of authors, and of poets, who find opportunities, thick as thistles, for doing something nobler than merely amassing riches. Wealth is not an end to strive for, but an opportunity; not the climax of a man’s career, but an incident.
Mrs. Elizabeth Fry, a Quaker lady, saw her opportunity in the prisons of England. From three hundred to four hundred half-naked women, as late as 1813, would often be huddled in a single ward of Newgate, London, awaiting trial. They had neither beds nor bedding, but women, old and young, and little girls, slept in filth and rags on the floor. No one seemed to care for them, and the Government merely furnished food to keep them alive. Mrs. Fry visited Newgate, calmed the howling mob, and told them she wished to establish a school for the young women and the girls, and asked them to select a schoolmistress from their own number. They were amazed, but chose a young woman who had been committed for stealing a watch. In three months these “wild beasts,” as they were sometimes called, became harmless and kind. The reform spread until the Government legalized the system, and good women throughout Great Britain became interested in the work of educating and clothing these outcasts. Fourscore years have passed, and her plan has been adopted throughout the civilized world.
A boy in England had been run over by a car, and the bright blood spurted from a severed artery. No one seemed to know what to do until another boy, Astley Cooper, took his handkerchief and stopped the bleeding by pressure above the wound. The praise which he received for thus saving the boy’s life encouraging him to become a surgeon, the foremost of his day.
“The time comes to the young surgeon,” says Arnold, “when, after long waiting, and patient study and experiment, he is suddenly confronted with his first critical operation. The great surgeon is away. Time is pressing. Life and death hang in the balance. Is he equal to the emergency? Can he fill the great surgeon’s place, and do his work? If he can, he is the one of all others who is wanted. His opportunity confronts him. He and it are face to face. Shall he confess his ignorance and inability, or step into fame and fortune? It is for him to say.”
Are you prepared for a great opportunity?
“Hawthorne dined one day with Longfellow,” said James T. Fields, “and brought a friend, with him from Salem. After dinner the friend said, ‘I have been trying to persuade Hawthorne to write a story based upon a legend of Acadia, and still current there,—the legend of a girl who, in the dispersion of the Acadians, was separated from her lover, and passed her life in waiting and seeking for him, and only found him dying in a hospital when both were old.’ Longfellow wondered that the legend did not strike the fancy of Hawthorne, and he said to him, ‘If you have really made up your mind not to use it for a story, will you let me have it for a poem?’ To this Hawthorne consented, and promised, moreover, not to treat the subject in prose till Longfellow had seen what he could do with it in verse. Longfellow seized his opportunity and gave to the world ‘Evangeline, or the Exile of the Acadians.’”
Open eyes will discover opportunities everywhere; open ears will never fail to detect the cries of those who are perishing for assistance; open hearts will never want for worthy objects upon which to bestow their gifts; open hands will never lack for noble work to do.
Everybody had noticed the overflow when a solid is immersed in a vessel filled with water, although no one had made use of his knowledge that the body displaces its exact bulk of liquid; but when Archimedes observed the fact, he perceived therein an easy method of finding the cubical contents of objects, however irregular in shape.
Everybody knew how steadily a suspended weight, when moved, sways back and forth until friction and the resistance of the air bring it to rest, yet no one considered this information of the slightest practical importance; but the boy Galileo, as he watched a lamp left swinging by accident in the cathedral at Pisa, saw in the regularity of those oscillations the useful principle of the pendulum. Even the iron doors of a prison were not enough to shut him out from research. He experimented with the straw of his cell, and learned valuable lessons about the relative strength of tubes and rods of equal diameters.
For ages astronomers had been familiar with the rings of Saturn, and regarded them merely as curious exceptions to the supposed law of planetary formation; but Laplace saw that, instead of being exceptions, they are the sole remaining visible evidences of certain stages in the invariable process of star manufacture, and from their mute testimony he added a valuable Chapter to the scientific history of Creation.
There was not a sailor in Europe who had not wondered what might lie beyond the Western Ocean, but it remained for Columbus to steer boldly out into an unknown sea and discover a new world.
Innumerable apples had fallen from trees, often hitting heedless men on the head as if to set them thinking, but Newton was the first to realize that they fall to the earth by the same law which holds the planets in their courses and prevents the momentum of all the atoms in the universe from hurling them wildly back to chaos.
Lightning had dazzled the eyes, and thunder had jarred the ears of men since the days of Adam, in the vain attempt to call their attention to the all-pervading and tremendous energy of electricity; but the discharges of Heaven’s artillery were seen and heard only by the eye and ear of terror until Franklin, by a simple experiment, proved that lightning is but one manifestation of a resistless yet controllable force, abundant as air and water.
Like many others, these men are considered great, simply because they improved opportunities common to the whole human race. Read the story of any successful man and mark its moral, told thousands of years ago by Solomon: “Seest thou a man diligent in his business? he shall stand before kings.” This proverb is well illustrated by the career of the industrious Franklin, for he stood before five kings and dined with two.
He who improves an opportunity sows a seed which will yield fruit in opportunity for himself and others. Every one who has labored honestly in the past has aided to place knowledge and comfort within the reach of a constantly increasing number.
Avenues greater in number, wider in extent, easier of access than ever before existed, stand open to the sober, frugal, energetic and able mechanic, to the educated youth, to the office boy and to the clerk—avenues through which they can reap greater successes than ever before within the reach of these classes in the history of the world. A little while ago there were only three or four professions—now there are fifty. And of trades, where there was one, there are a hundred now.
“What is its name?” asked a visitor in a studio, when shown, among many gods, one whose face was concealed by hair, and which had wings on its feet. “Opportunity,” replied the sculptor. “Why is its face hidden?” “Because men seldom know him when he comes to them.” “Why has he wings on his feet?” “Because he is soon gone, and once gone, cannot be overtaken.”
“Opportunity has hair in front,” says a Latin author; “behind she is bald; if you seize her by the forelock, you may hold her, but, if suffered to escape, not Jupiter himself can catch her again.”
But what is the best opportunity to him who cannot or will not use it?
“It was my lot,” said a shipmaster, “to fall in with the ill-fated steamer Central America. The night was closing in, the sea rolling high; but I hailed the crippled steamer and asked if they needed help. ‘I am in a sinking condition,’ cried Captain Herndon. ‘Had you not better send your passengers on board directly?’ I asked. ‘Will you not lay by me until morning?’ replied Captain Herndon. ‘I will try,’ I answered ‘but had you not better send your passengers on board now?’ ‘Lay by me till morning,’ again shouted Captain Herndon.
“I tried to lay by him, but at night, such was the heavy roll of the sea, I could not keep my position, and I never saw the steamer again. In an hour and a half after he said, ‘Lay by me till morning,’ his vessel, with its living freight, went down. The captain and crew and most of the passengers found a grave in the deep.”
Captain Herndon appreciated the value of the opportunity he had neglected when it was beyond his reach, but of what avail was the bitterness of his self-reproach when his last moments came? How many lives were sacrificed to his unintelligent hopefulness and indecision! Like him the feeble, the sluggish, and the purposeless too often see no meaning in the happiest occasions, until too late they learn the old lesson that the mill can never grind with the water which has passed.
Such people are always a little too late or a little too early in everything they attempt. “They have three hands apiece,” said John B. Gough; “a right hand, a left hand, and a little behindhand.” As boys, they were late for school, and unpunctual in their home duties. That is the way the habit is acquired; and now, when responsibility claims them, they think that if they had only gone yesterday they would have obtained the situation, or they can probably get one to-morrow. They remember plenty of chances to make money, or know how to make it some other time than now; they see how to improve themselves or help others in the future, but perceive no opportunity in the present. They cannot seize their opportunity.
Joe Stoker, rear brakeman on the —— accommodation train, was exceedingly popular with all the railroad men. The passengers liked him, too, for he was eager to please and always ready to answer questions. But he did not realize the full responsibility of his position. He “took the world easy,” and occasionally tippled; and if any one remonstrated, he would give one of his brightest smiles, and reply, in such a good-natured way that the friend would think he had over-estimated the danger: “Thank you. I’m all right. Don’t you worry.”
One evening there was a heavy snowstorm, and his train was delayed. Joe complained of extra duties because of the storm, and slyly sipped occasional draughts from a flat bottle. Soon he became quite jolly; but the conductor and engineer of the train were both vigilant and anxious.
Between two stations the train came to a quick halt. The engine had blown out its cylinder head, and an express was due in a few minutes upon the same track. The conductor hurried to the rear car, and ordered Joe back with a red light. The brakeman laughed and said:
“There’s no hurry. Wait till I get my overcoat.”
The conductor answered gravely, “Don’t stop a minute, Joe. The express is due.”
“All right,” said Joe, smilingly. The conductor then hurried forward to the engine.
But the brakeman did not go at once. He stopped to put on his overcoat. Then he took another sip from the flat bottle to keep the cold out. Then he slowly grasped the lantern and, whistling, moved leisurely down the track.
He had not gone ten paces before he heard the puffing of the express. Then he ran for the curve, but it was too late. In a horrible minute the engine of the express had telescoped the standing train, and the shrieks of the mangled passengers mingled with the hissing escape of steam.
Later on, when they asked for Joe, he had disappeared; but the next day he was found in a barn, delirious, swinging an empty lantern in front of an imaginary train, and crying, “Oh, that I had!”
He was taken home, and afterwards to an asylum, and there is no sadder sound in that sad place than the unceasing moan, “Oh, that I had! Oh, that I had!” of the unfortunate brakeman, whose criminal indulgence brought disaster to many lives.
“Oh, that I had!” or “Oh, that I had not!” is the silent cry of many a man who would give life itself for the opportunity to go back and retrieve some long-past error.
“There are moments,” says Dean Alford, “which are worth more than years. We cannot help it. There is no proportion between spaces of time in importance nor in value. A stray, unthought-of five minutes may contain the event of a life. And this all-important moment—who can tell when it will be upon us?”
“What we call a turning-point,” says Arnold, “is simply an occasion which sums up and brings to a result previous training. Accidental circumstances are nothing except to men who have been trained to take advantage of them.”
The trouble with us is that we are ever looking for a princely chance of acquiring riches, or fame, or worth. We are dazzled by what Emerson calls the “shallow Americanism” of the day. We are expecting mastery without apprenticeship, knowledge without study, and riches by credit.
Young men and women, why stand ye here all the day idle? Was the land all occupied before you were born? Has the earth ceased to yield its increase? Are the seats all taken? the positions all filled? the chances all gone? Are the resources of your country fully developed? Are the secrets of nature all mastered? Is there no way in which you can utilize these passing moments to improve yourself or benefit others? Is the competition of modern existence so fierce that you must be content simply to gain an honest living? Have you received the gift of life in this progressive age, wherein all the experience of the past is garnered for your inspiration, merely that you may increase by one the sum total of purely animal existence?
Born in an age and country in which knowledge and opportunity abound as never before, how can you sit with folded hands, asking God’s aid in work for which He has already given you the necessary faculties and strength? Even when the Chosen People supposed their progress checked by the Red Sea, and their leader paused for Divine help, the Lord said, “Wherefore criest thou unto me? Speak unto the children of Israel, that they go forward.”
With the world full of work that needs to be done; with human nature so constituted that often a pleasant word or a trifling assistance may stem the tide of disaster for some fellow man, or clear his path to success; with our own faculties so arranged that in honest, earnest, persistent endeavor we find our highest good; and with countless noble examples to encourage us to dare and to do, each moment brings us to the threshold of some new opportunity.
Don’t wait for your opportunity. Make it,—make it as the shepherd-boy Ferguson made his when he calculated the distances of the stars with a handful of glass beads on a string. Make it as George Stephenson made his when he mastered the rules of mathematics with a bit of chalk on the grimy sides of the coal wagons in the mines. Make it, as Napoleon made his in a hundred “impossible” situations. Make it, as all leaders of men, in war and in peace, have made their chances of success. Golden opportunities are nothing to laziness, but industry makes the commonest chances golden.
“There is a tide in the affairs of men,
Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune;
Omitted, all the voyage of their life
Is bound in shallows and in miseries;
And we must take the current when it serves,
Or lose our ventures.”
“‘Tis never offered twice; seize, then, the hour
When fortune smiles, and duty points the way;
Nor shrink aside to ‘scape the specter fear,
Nor pause, though pleasure beckon from her bower;
But bravely bear thee onward to the goal.”
CHAPTER II: WANTED—A MAN
“Wanted; men:
Not systems fit and wise,
Not faiths with rigid eyes,
Not wealth in mountain piles,
Not power with gracious smiles,
Not even the potent pen;
Wanted; men.”
All the world cries, Where is the man who will save us? We want a man! Don’t look so far for this man. You have him at hand. This man,—it is you, it is I, it is each one of us!… How to constitute one’s self a man? Nothing harder, if one knows not how to will it; nothing easier, if one wills it.—ALEXANDRE DUMAS.
Diogenes sought with a lantern at noontide in ancient Athens for a perfectly honest man, and sought in vain. In the market place he once cried aloud, “Hear me, O men”; and, when a crowd collected around him, he said scornfully: “I called for men, not pygmies.”
Over the door of every profession, every occupation, every calling, the world has a standing advertisement: “Wanted—A Man.”
Wanted, a man who will not lose his individuality in a crowd, a man who has the courage of his convictions, who is not afraid to say “No,” though all the world say “Yes.”
Wanted, a man who, though he is dominated by a mighty purpose, will not permit one great faculty to dwarf, cripple, warp, or mutilate his manhood; who will not allow the over-development of one faculty to stunt or paralyze his other faculties.
Wanted, a man who is larger than his calling, who considers it a low estimate of his occupation to value it merely as a means of getting a living. Wanted, a man who sees self-development, education and culture, discipline and drill, character and manhood, in his occupation.
A thousand pulpits vacant in a single religious denomination, a thousand preachers standing idle in the market place, while a thousand church committees scour the land for men to fill those same vacant pulpits, and scour in vain, is a sufficient indication, in one direction at least, of the largeness of the opportunities of the age, and also of the crying need of good men.
Wanted, a man of courage who is not a coward in any part of his nature.
Wanted, a man who is well balanced, who is not cursed with some little defect of weakness which cripples his usefulness and neutralizes his powers.
Wanted, a man who is symmetrical, and not one-sided in his development, who has not sent all the energies of his being into one narrow specialty and allowed all the other branches of his life to wither and die. Wanted, a man who is broad, who does not take half views of things; a man who mixes common sense with his theories, who does not let a college education spoil him for practical, every-day life; a man who prefers substance to show, and one who regards his good name as a priceless treasure.
Wanted, a man “who, no stunted ascetic, is full of life and fire, but whose passions are trained to heed a strong will, the servant of a tender conscience; who has learned to love all beauty, whether of nature or of art, to hate all vileness, and to respect others as himself.”
The world wants a man who is educated all over; whose nerves are brought to their acutest sensibility; whose brain is cultured, keen, incisive, broad; whose hands are deft; whose eyes are alert, sensitive, microscopic; whose heart is tender, magnanimous, true.
The whole world is looking for such a man. Although there are millions out of employment, yet it is almost impossible to find just the right man in almost any department of life, and yet everywhere we see the advertisement: “Wanted—A Man.”
Rousseau, in his celebrated essay on education, says; “According to the order of nature, men being equal, their common vocation is the profession of humanity; and whoever is well educated to discharge the duty of a man can not be badly prepared to fill any of those offices that have a relation to him. It matters little to me whether my pupil be designed for the army, the pulpit, or the bar. Nature has destined us to the offices of human life antecedent to our destination concerning society. To live is the profession I would teach him. When I have done with him, it is true he will be neither a soldier, a lawyer, nor a divine. Let him first be a man; Fortune may remove him from one rank to another as she pleases, he will be always found in his place.”
A little, short doctor of divinity in a large Baptist convention stood on a step and said he thanked God he was a Baptist. The audience could not hear and called “Louder.” “Get up higher,” some one said. “I can’t,” he replied. “To be a Baptist is as high as one can get.” But there is something higher than being a Baptist, and that is being a man.
As Emerson says, Talleyrand’s question is ever the main one; not, is he rich? is he committed? is he well-meaning? has he this or that faculty? is he of the movement? is he of the establishment? but is he anybody? does he stand for something? He must be good of his kind. That is all that Talleyrand, all that the common sense of mankind asks.
When Garfield as a boy was asked what he meant to be he answered: “First of all, I must make myself a man; if I do not succeed in that, I can succeed in nothing.”
Montaigne says our work is not to train a soul by itself alone, nor a body by itself alone, but to train a man.
One great need for the world to-day is for men and women who are good animals. To endure the strain of our concentrated civilization, the coming man and woman must have good bodies and an excess of animal spirits.
What more glorious than a magnificent manhood, animated with the bounding spirits of overflowing health?
It is a sad sight to see thousands of students graduated every year from our grand institutions whose object is to make stalwart, independent, self-supporting men, turned out into the world saplings instead of stalwart oaks, “memory-glands” instead of brainy men, helpless instead of self-supporting, sickly instead of robust, weak instead of strong, leaning instead of erect. “So many promising youths, and never a finished man!”
The character sympathizes with and unconsciously takes on the nature of the body. A peevish, snarling, ailing man can not develop the vigor and strength of character which is possible to a healthy, robust, cheerful man. There is an inherent love in the human mind for wholeness, a demand that man shall come up to the highest standard; and there is an inherent protest or contempt for preventable deficiency. Nature, too, demands that man be ever at the top of his condition.
As we stand upon the seashore while the tide is coming in, one wave reaches up the beach far higher than any previous one, then recedes, and for some time none that follows comes up to its mark, but after a while the whole sea is there and beyond it. So now and then there comes a man head and shoulders above his fellow men, showing that Nature has not lost her ideal, and after a while even the average man will overtop the highest wave of manhood yet given to the world.
Apelles hunted over Greece for many years, studying the fairest points of beautiful women, getting here an eye, there a forehead and there a nose, here a grace and there a turn of beauty, for his famous portrait of a perfect woman which enchanted the world. So the coming man will be a composite, many in one. He will absorb into himself not the weakness, not the follies, but the strength and the virtues of other types of men. He will be a man raised to the highest power. He will be a self-centered, equipoised, and ever master of himself. His sensibility will not be deadened or blunted by violation of Nature’s laws. His whole character will be impressionable, and will respond to the most delicate touches of Nature.
The first requisite of all education and discipline should be man-timber. Tough timber must come from well grown, sturdy trees. Such wood can be turned into a mast, can be fashioned into a piano or an exquisite carving. But it must become timber first. Time and patience develop the sapling into the tree. So through discipline, education, experience, the sapling child is developed into hardy mental, moral, physical man-timber.
If the youth should start out with the fixed determination that every statement he makes shall be the exact truth; that every promise he makes shall be redeemed to the letter; that every appointment shall be kept with the strictest faithfulness and with full regard for other men’s time; if he should hold his reputation as a priceless treasure, feel that the eyes of the world are upon him that he must not deviate a hair’s breadth from the truth and right; if he should take such a stand at the outset, he would, like George Peabody, come to have almost unlimited credit and the confidence of everybody who knows him.
What are palaces and equipages; what though a man could cover a continent with his title-deeds, or an ocean with his commerce; compared with conscious rectitude, with a face that never turns pale at the accuser’s voice, with a bosom that never throbs with fear of exposure, with a heart that might be turned inside out and disclose no stain of dishonor? To have done no man a wrong; to have put your signature to no paper to which the purest angel in heaven might not have been an attesting witness; to walk and live, unseduced, within arm’s length of what is not your own, with nothing between your desire and its gratification but the invisible law of rectitude;—this is to be a man.
Man is the only great thing in the universe. All the ages have been trying to produce a perfect model. Only one complete man has yet evolved. The best of us are but prophesies of what is to come.
What constitutes a state?
Not high-raised battlement or labored mound,
Thick wall or moated gate;
Not cities proud with spires and turrets crowned;
Not bays and broad-armed ports,
Where, laughing at the storm, rich navies ride;
Not starred and spangled courts,
Where low-browed baseness wafts perfume to pride.
No: men, high-minded men,
With powers as far above dull brutes endued
In forest, brake, or den,
As beasts excel cold rocks and brambles rude,—
Men who their duties know,
But know their rights, and knowing, dare maintain,
Prevent the long-aimed blow,
And crush the tyrant while they rend the chain.
WILLIAM JONES.
God give us men. A time like this demands
Strong minds, great hearts, true faith and ready hands:
Men whom the lust of office does not kill;
Men whom the spoils of office cannot buy;
Men who possess opinions and a will;
Men who have honor—men who will not lie;
Men who can stand before a demagogue
And scorn his treacherous flatteries without winking;
Tall men sun-crowned, who live above the fog
In public duty, and in private thinking.
ANON.
CHAPTER III: BOYS WITH NO CHANCE
IN THE BLACKEST SOILS GROW the fairest flowers, and the loftiest and strongest trees spring heavenward among the rocks.—J. G. HOLLAND.
Poverty is very terrible, and sometimes kills the very soul within us, but it is the north wind that lashes men into Vikings; it is the soft, luscious south wind which lulls them to lotus dreams.—OUIDA.
Poverty is the sixth sense.—GERMAN PROVERB.
It is not every calamity that is a curse, and early adversity is often a blessing. Surmounted difficulties not only teach, but hearten us in our future struggles.—SHARPE.
There can be no doubt that the captains of industry to-day, using that term in its broadest sense, are men who began life as poor boys.—SETH LOW.
‘Tis a common proof,
That lowliness is young ambition’s ladder!
SHAKESPEARE.
“I am a child of the court,” said a pretty little girl at a children’s party in Denmark; “my father is Groom of the Chambers, which is a very high office. And those whose names end with ‘sen,’” she added, “can never be anything at all. We must put our arms akimbo, and make the elbows quite pointed, so as to keep these ‘sen’ people at a great distance.”
“But my papa can buy a hundred dollars’ worth of bonbons, and give them away to children,” angrily exclaimed the daughter of the rich merchant Petersen. “Can your papa do that?”
“Yes,” chimed in the daughter of an editor, “my papa can put your papa and everybody’s papa into the newspaper. All sorts of people are afraid of him, my papa says, for he can do as he likes with the paper.”
“Oh, if I could be one of them!” thought a little boy peeping through the crack of the door, by permission of the cook for whom he had been turning the spit. But no, his parents had not even a penny to spare, and his name ended in “sen.”
Years afterwards when the children of the party had become men and women, some of them went to see a splendid house, filled with all kinds of beautiful and valuable objects. There they met the owner, once the very boy who thought it so great a privilege to peep at them through a crack in the door as they played. He had become the great sculptor Thorwaldsen.
This sketch is adapted from a story by a poor Danish cobbler’s son, another whose name did not keep him from becoming famous,—Hans Christian Andersen.
“There is no fear of my starving, father,” said the deaf boy, Kitto, begging to be taken from the poorhouse and allowed to struggle for an education; “we are in the midst of plenty, and I know how to prevent hunger. The Hottentots subsist a long time on nothing but a little gum; they also, when hungry, tie a ligature around their bodies. Cannot I do so, too? The hedges furnish blackberries and nuts, and the fields, turnips; a hayrick will make an excellent bed.”
The poor deaf boy with a drunken father, who was thought capable of nothing better than making shoes as a pauper, became one of the greatest Biblical scholars in the world. His first book was written in the workhouse.
Creon was a Greek slave, as a writer tells the story in Kate Field’s “Washington,” but he was also a slave of the Genius of Art. Beauty was his god, and he worshiped it with rapt adoration. It was after the repulse of the great Persian invader, and a law was in force that under penalty of death no one should espouse art except freemen. When the law was enacted he was engaged upon a group for which he hoped some day to receive the commendation of Phidias, the greatest sculptor living, and even the praise of Pericles.
What was to be done? Into the marble block before him Creon had put his head, his heart, his soul, his life. On his knees, from day to day, he had prayed for fresh inspiration, new skill. He believed, gratefully and proudly, that Apollo, answering his prayers, had directed his hand and had breathed into the figures the life that seemed to animate them; but now,—now, all the gods seemed to have deserted him.
Cleone, his devoted sister, felt the blow as deeply as her brother. “O Aphrodite!” she prayed, “immortal Aphrodite, high enthroned child of Zeus, my queen, my goddess, my patron, at whose shrine I have daily laid my offerings, to be now my friend, the friend of my brother!”
Then to her brother she said: “O Creon, go to the cellar beneath our house. It is dark, but I will furnish light and food. Continue your work; the gods will befriend us.”
To the cellar Creon went, and guarded and attended by his sister, day and night, he proceeded with his glorious but dangerous task.
About this time all Greece was invited to Athens to behold an exhibit of works of art. The display took place in the Agora. Pericles presided. At his side was Aspasia. Phidias, Socrates, Sophocles, and other renowned men stood near him.
The works of the great masters were there. But one group, far more beautiful than the rest,—a group that Apollo himself must have chiseled,—challenged universal attention, exciting at the same time no little envy among rival artists.
“Who is the sculptor of this group?” None could tell. Heralds repeated the question, but there was no answer. “A mystery, then! Can it be the work of a slave?” Amid great commotion a beautiful maiden with disarranged dress, disheveled hair, a determined expression in her eyes, and with closed lips, was dragged into the Agora. “This woman,” cried the officers, “this woman knows the sculptor; we are sure of it; but she will not tell his name.”
Cleone was questioned, but was silent. She was informed of the penalty of her conduct, but her lips remained closed. “Then,” said Pericles, “the law is imperative, and I am the minister of the law. Take the maid to the dungeon.”
As he spoke a youth with flowing hair, emaciated, but with black eyes that beamed with the flashing light of genius, rushed forward, and flinging himself before him exclaimed: “O Pericles, forgive and save the maid! She is my sister. I am the culprit. The group is the work of my hands, the hands of a slave.”
The indignant crowd interrupted him and cried, “To the dungeon, to the dungeon with the slave.” “As I live, no!” said Pericles, rising. “Behold that group! Apollo decides by it that there is something higher in Greece than an unjust law. The highest purpose of law should be the development of the beautiful. If Athens lives in the memory and affections of men, it is her devotion to art that will immortalize her. Not to the dungeon, but to my side bring the youth.”
And there, in the presence of the assembled multitude, Aspasia placed the crown of olives, which she held in her hands, on the brow of Creon; and at the same time, amid universal plaudits, she tenderly kissed Creon’s affectionate and devoted sister.
The Athenians erected a statue to Aesop, who was born a slave, that men might know that the way to honor is open to all. In Greece, wealth and immortality were the sure reward of the man who could distinguish himself in art, literature, or war. No other country ever did so much to encourage and inspire struggling merit.
“I was born in poverty,” said Vice-President Henry Wilson. “Want sat by my cradle. I know what it is to ask a mother for bread when she has none to give. I left my home at ten years of age, and served an apprenticeship of eleven years, receiving a month’s schooling each year, and, at the end of eleven years of hard work, a yoke of oxen and six sheep, which brought me eighty-four dollars. I never spent the sum of one dollar for pleasure, counting every penny from the time I was born till I was twenty-one years of age. I know what it is to travel weary miles and ask my fellow men to give me leave to toil.… In the first month after I was twenty-one years of age, I went into the woods, drove a team, and cut mill-logs. I rose in the morning before daylight and worked hard till after dark, and received the magnificent sum of six dollars for the month’s work! Each of these dollars looked as large to me as the moon looks to-night.”
Mr. Wilson determined never to lose an opportunity for self-culture or self-advancement. Few men knew so well the value of spare moments. He seized them as though they were gold and would not let one pass until he had wrung from it every possibility. He managed to read a thousand good books before he was twenty-one—what a lesson for boys on a farm! When he left the farm he started on foot for Natick, Mass., over one hundred miles distant, to learn the cobbler’s trade. He went through Boston that he might see Bunker Hill monument and other historical landmarks. The whole trip cost him but one dollar and six cents. In a year he was the head of a debating club at Natick. Before eight years had passed, he made his great speech against slavery, in the Massachusetts Legislature. Twelve years later he stood shoulder to shoulder with the polished Sumner in Congress. With him, every occasion was a great occasion. He ground every circumstance of his life into material for success.
