CHAPTER I.
CHAPTER II.
CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER IV.
CHAPTER V.
CHAPTER VI.
CHAPTER VII.
CHAPTER VIII.
CHAPTER IX.
CHAPTER X.
CHAPTER XI.
CHAPTER XII.
CHAPTER XIII.
CHAPTER XIV.
CHAPTER XV.
CHAPTER XVI.
CHAPTER XVII.
CHAPTER XVIII.
CHAPTER XIX.
CHAPTER XX.
CHAPTER XXI.
CHAPTER XXII.
CHAPTER XXIII.
CHAPTER XXIV.
CHAPTER XXV.
CHAPTER XXVI.
CHAPTER XXVII.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
CHAPTER XXIX.
CHAPTER I.
Jonah
Wood was bitterly disappointed in his son. During five and twenty
years he had looked in vain for the development of those qualities in
George, which alone, in his opinion, could insure success. But though
George could talk intelligently about the great movements of business
in New York, it was clear by this time that he did not possess what
his father called business instincts. The old man could have forgiven
him his defective appreciation in the matter of dollars and cents,
however, if he had shown the slightest inclination to adopt one of
the regular professions; in other words, if George had ceased to
waste his time in the attempt to earn money with his pen, and had
submitted to becoming a scribe in a lawyer’s office, old Wood would
have been satisfied. The boy’s progress might have been slow, but
it would have been sure.It
was strange to see how this elderly man, who had been ruined by the
exercise of his own business faculties, still pinned his faith upon
his own views and theories of finance, and regarded it as a real
misfortune to be the father of a son who thought differently from
himself. It would have satisfied the height of his ambition to see
George installed as a clerk on a nominal salary in one of the great
banking houses. Possibly, at an earlier period, and before George had
finally refused to enter a career of business, there may have been in
the bottom of the old man’s heart a hope that his son might some
day become a financial power, and wreak vengeance for his own and his
father’s losses upon Thomas Craik or his heirs after him; but if
this wish existed Jonah Wood had honestly tried to put it out of the
way. He was of a religious disposition, and his moral rectitude was
above all doubt. He did not forgive his enemies, but he sincerely
meant to do so, and did his best not to entertain any hope of
revenge.The
story of his wrongs was a simple one. He had formerly been a very
successful man. Of a good New England family, he had come to New York
when very young, possessed of a small capital, full of integrity,
industry, and determination. At the age of forty he was at the head
of a banking firm which had for a time enjoyed a reputation of some
importance. Then he had married a young lady of good birth and
possessing a little fortune, to whom he had been attached for years
and who had waited for him with touching fidelity. Twelve months
later, she had died in giving birth to George. Possibly the terrible
shock weakened Jonah Wood’s nerves and disturbed the balance of his
faculties. At all events it was at this time that he began to enter
into speculation. At first he was very successful, and his success
threw him into closer intimacy with Thomas Craik, a cousin of his
dead wife’s. For a time everything prospered with the bank, while
Wood acquired the habit of following Craik’s advice. On an
ill-fated day, however, the latter persuaded him to invest largely in
a certain railway not yet begun, but which was completed in a
marvellously short space of time. In the course of a year or two it
was evident that the road, which Craik insisted on running upon the
most ruinous principles, must soon become bankrupt. It had of course
been built to compete with an old established line; the usual war of
rates set in, the old road suffered severely, and the young one was
ruined. This was precisely what Craik had anticipated. So soon as the
bankruptcy was declared and the liquidation terminated, he bought up
every bond and share upon which he could lay his hands. Wood was
ruined, together with a number of other heavy investors. The road,
however, having ceased to pay interest on its debts continued to run
at rates disastrous to its more honest competitor, and before long
the latter was obliged in self-defence to buy up its rival. When that
extremity was reached Thomas Craik was in possession of enough bonds
and stock to give him a controlling interest, and he sold the ruined
railway at his own price, realising a large fortune by the
transaction. Wood was not only financially broken; his reputation,
too, had suffered in the catastrophe. At first, people looked askance
at him, believing that he had got a share of the profits, and that he
was only pretending poverty until the scandal should blow over,
though he had in reality sacrificed almost everything he possessed in
the honourable liquidation of the bank’s affairs, and found
himself, at the age of fifty-seven, in possession only of the small
fortune that had been his wife’s, and of the small house which had
escaped the general ruin, and in which he now lived. Thomas Craik had
robbed him, as he had robbed many others, and Jonah Wood knew it,
though there was no possibility of ever recovering a penny of his
losses. His nerve was gone, and by the time people had discovered
that he was the most honest of men, he was more than half forgotten
by those he had known best. He had neither the energy nor the courage
to begin life again, and although he had cleared his reputation of
all blame, he knew that he had made the great mistake, and that no
one would ever again trust to his judgment. It seemed easiest to live
in the little house, to get what could be got out of life for himself
and his son on an income of scarcely two thousand dollars, and to
shut himself out from his former acquaintance.And
yet, though his own career had ended in such lamentable failure, he
would gladly have seen George begin where he had begun. George would
have succeeded in doing all those things which he himself had left
undone, and he might have lived to see established on a firm basis
the great fortune which for a few brief years had been his in a
floating state. But George could not be brought to understand this
point of view. His youthful recollections were connected with
monetary disaster, and his first boyish antipathies had been
conceived against everything that bore the name of business. What he
felt for the career of the money-maker was more than antipathy; it
amounted to a positive horror which he could not overcome. From time
to time his father returned to the old story of his wrongs and
misfortunes, going over the tale as he sat with George through the
long winter evenings, and entering into every detail of the
transaction which had ruined him. In justice to the young man it must
be admitted that he was patient on those occasions, and listened with
outward calm to the long technical explanations, the interminable
concatenation of figures and the jarring cadence of phrases that all
ended with the word dollars. But the talk was as painful to him as a
violin played out of tune is to a musician, and it reacted upon his
nerves and produced physical pain of an acute kind. He could set his
features in an expression of respectful attention, but he could not
help twisting his long smooth fingers together under the edge of the
table, where his father could not see them. The very name of money
disgusted him, and when the great failure had been talked of in the
evening it haunted his dreams throughout the night and destroyed his
rest, so that he awoke with a sense of nervousness and distress from
which he could not escape until late in the following day.Jonah
Wood saw more of this peculiarity than his son suspected, though he
failed to understand it. With him, nervousness took a different form,
manifesting itself in an abnormal anxiety concerning George’s
welfare, combined with an unfortunate disposition to find fault. Of
late, indeed, he had not been able to accuse the young man of
idleness, since he was evidently working to the utmost of his
strength, though his occupations brought him but little return. It
seemed a pity to Jonah Wood that so much good time and so much young
energy should be wasted over pen, ink, paper, and books which left no
record of a daily substantial gain. He, too, slept little, though his
iron-grey face betrayed nothing of what passed in his mind.He
loved his son in his own untrusting way. It was his affection,
combined with his inability to believe much good of what he loved,
that undermined and embittered the few pleasures still left to him.
He had never seen any hope except in money, and since George hated
the very mention of lucre there could be no hope for him either. A
good man, a scrupulously honest man according to his lights, he could
only see goodness from one point of view and virtue represented in
one dress. Goodness was obedience to parental authority, and virtue
the imitation of parental ideas. George believed that obedience
should play no part in determining what he should do with his talent,
and that imitation, though it be the sincerest flattery, may lay the
foundation for the most hopeless of all failures, the failure to do
that for which a man is best adapted. George had not deliberately
chosen a literary career because he felt himself fitted for it. He
was in reality far too modest to look forward from the first to the
ultimate satisfaction of his ambitions. His lonely life had driven
him to writing as a means of expressing himself without incurring his
father’s criticism and contradiction. Not understanding in the
least the nature of imagination, he believed himself lacking in this
respect, but he had at once found an immense satisfaction in writing
down his opinions concerning certain new books that had fallen into
his hands. Then, being emboldened by that belief in his own judgment
which young men acquire very easily when they are not brought into
daily contact with their intellectual equals, he had ventured to
offer the latest of his attempts to one editor and then to another
and another. At last he had found one who chanced to be in a human
humour and who glanced at one of the papers.
“It
is not worthless,” said the autocrat, “but it is quite useless.
Everybody has done with the book months ago. Do you want to earn a
little money by reviewing?”George
expressed his readiness to do so with alacrity. The editor scribbled
half a dozen words on a slip of paper from a block and handed it to
George, telling him where to take it. As a first result the young man
carried away a couple of volumes of new-born trash upon which to try
his hand. A quarter of what he wrote was published in the literary
column of the newspaper. He had yet to learn the cynical practice of
counting words, upon which so much depends in dealing with the daily
press, but the idea of actually earning something, no matter how
little, overcame his first feeling of disgust at the nature of the
work. In time he acquired the necessary tricks and did very well. By
sheer determination he devoted all his best hours of the day to the
drudgery of second class criticism, and only allowed himself to write
what was agreeable to his own brain when the day’s work was done.The
idea of producing a book did not suggest itself to him. In his own
opinion he had none of the necessary gifts for original writing,
while he fancied that he possessed those of the critic in a rather
unusual degree. His highest ambition was to turn out a volume of
essays on other people’s doings and writings, and he was constantly
labouring in his leisure moments at long papers treating of
celebrated works, in what he believed to be a spirit of profound
analysis. As yet no one had bestowed the slightest attention upon his
efforts; no serious article of his had found its way into the press,
though a goodly number of his carefully copied manuscripts had issued
from the offices of various periodicals in the form of waste paper.
Strange to say, he was not discouraged by these failures. The
satisfaction, so far as he had known any, had consisted in the
writing down of his views; and though he wished it were possible to
turn his ink-stained pages into money, his natural detestation of all
business transactions whatsoever made him extremely philosophical in
repeated failure. Even in regard to his daily drudgery, which was
regularly paid, the least pleasant moment was the one when he had to
begin his round from one newspaper cashier to another to receive the
little cheques which made him independent of his father so far as his
only luxuries of new books and tobacco were concerned. Pride, indeed,
was now at the bottom of his resolution to continue in the
uninteresting course that had been opened before him. Having once
succeeded in buying for himself what he wanted or needed beyond his
daily bread he would have been ashamed to ever go again for
pocket-money to his father.The
nature of this occupation, which he would not relinquish, was
beginning to produce its natural effect upon his character. He felt
that he was better than his work, and the inevitable result ensued.
He felt that he was hampered and tied, and that every hour spent in
such labour was a page stolen from the book of his reputation; that
he was giving for a pitiful wage the precious time in which something
important might have been accomplished, and that his life would turn
out a failure if it continued to run on much longer in the same
groove. And yet he assumed that it would be absolutely impossible for
him to abandon his drudgery in order to devote himself solely to the
series of essays on which he had pinned his hopes of success. His
serious work, as he called it, made little progress when interrupted
at every step by the necessity for writing twaddle about trash.It
may be objected that George Wood should not have written twaddle, but
should have employed his best energies in the improvement of second
class literature by systematically telling the truth about it.
Unfortunately the answer to such a stricture is not far to seek. If
he had written what he thought, the newspapers would have ceased to
employ him; not that it is altogether impossible to write honestly
about the great rivers of minor books which flow east and west and
north and south from the publishers’ gardens, but because the
critic who has the age, experience, and talent to bestow faint praise
without inflicting damnation commands a high price and cannot be
wasted on little authors and their little publications. The beginner
often knows that he is writing twaddle and regrets it, and he very
likely knows how to write in strains of enthusiastic eulogium or of
viciously cruel abuse; but though he have all these things, he has
not yet acquired the unaffected charity which covers a multitude of
sins, and which is the result of an ancient and wise good feeling
entertained between editors, publishers and critics. He cannot really
feel mildly well disposed towards a book he despises, and his only
chance of expressing gentle sentiments not his own, lies in the
plentiful use of unmitigated twaddle. If he remains a critic, he is
either lifted out of the sphere of the daily saleable trash to that
of serious first class literature, or else he imbibes through the
pores of his soul such proportional parts of the editor’s and the
publisher’s wishes as shall combine in his own character and
produce the qualities which they both desire to find there and to see
expressed in his paragraphs.It
could not be said that George Wood was discontented with what he
found to do, so much as with being constantly hindered from doing
something better. And that better thing which he would have done, and
believed that he could have done, was in reality far from having
reached the stage of being clearly defined. He had never felt any
strong liking for fiction, and his mind had been nourished upon
unusually solid intellectual food, while the outward circumstances of
his life had necessarily left much to his imagination, which to most
young men of five and twenty is already matter of experience. As a
boy he had been too much with older people, and had therefore thought
too much to be boyish. Possibly, too, he had seen more than was good
for him, for his father had left him but a short time at school in
the days of their prosperity, and, being unable to leave New York for
any length of time, had more than once sent him abroad with an
elderly tutor from whom the lad had acquired all sorts of ideas that
were too big for him. He had been wrongly supposed to be of a
delicate constitution, too, and had been indulged in all manner of
intellectual whims and fancies, whereby he had gained a smattering of
many sciences and literatures at an age when he ought to have been
following a regular course of instruction. Then, before he was
thought old enough to enter a university, the crash had come.Jonah
Wood was far too conscientious a man not to sacrifice whatever he
could for the completion of his son’s education. For several years
he deprived himself of every luxury, in order that George might have
the assistance he so greatly needed while making his studies at
Columbia College in his native city. Then only did the father realise
how he had erred in allowing the boy to receive the desultory and
aimless teaching that had seemed so generous in the days of wealth.
He knew more or less well a variety of subjects of which his
companions were wholly ignorant, but he was utterly unversed in much
of their knowledge. And this was not all, for George had acquired
from his former tutor a misguided contempt for the accepted manner of
dealing with certain branches of learning, without possessing that
grasp of the matters in hand which alone justifies a man in thinking
differently from the great mass of his fellows. It is not well to
ridicule the American method of doing things until one is master of
some other.It
was from the time when George entered college that he began to be a
constant source of disappointment to his father. The elderly man had
received a good, old-fashioned, thoroughly prejudiced education, and
though he remembered little Latin and less Greek, he had not
forgotten the way in which he had been made to learn both. George’s
way of talking about his studies disturbed his father’s sense of
intellectual propriety, which was great, without exciting his
curiosity, which was infinitesimally small. With him also prevailed
the paternal view which holds that young men must necessarily
distinguish themselves above their companions if they really possess
any exceptional talent, and his peace of mind was further endangered
by his sense of responsibility for George’s beginnings. If he had
believed that George was stupid, he would have resigned himself to
that dispensation of Providence. But he thought otherwise. The boy
was not an ordinary boy, and if he failed to prove it by taking
prizes in competition, he must be lazy or his preparation must have
been defective. No other alternative was to be found, and the fault
therefore lay either with himself or with his father.George
never obtained a prize, and barely passed his examinations at all.
Jonah Wood made a point of seeing all his examiners as well as the
instructors who had known him during his college life. Three-quarters
of the number asserted that the young fellow was undeniably clever,
and added, expressing themselves with professorial politeness, that
his previous studies seemed to have taken a direction other than that
of the college “curriculum,” as they called it. The professor of
Greek presumed that George might have distinguished himself in Latin,
the professor of Latin surmised that Greek might have been his strong
point; both believed that he had talent for mathematics, while the
mathematician remarked that he seemed to have a very good
understanding, but that it would be turned to better account in the
pursuit of classical studies. Jonah Wood returned to his home very
much disturbed in mind, and from that day his anxiety steadily
increased. As it became more clear that his son would never accept a
business career, but would probably waste his opportunities in
literary dabbling, the good man’s alarm became extreme. He did not
see that George’s one true talent lay in his ready power of
assimilating unfamiliar knowledge by a process of intuition that
escapes methodical learners, any more than he understood that the
boy’s one solid acquirement was the power of using his own
language. He was not to be too much blamed, perhaps, for the young
man himself was only dimly conscious of his yet undeveloped power.
What made him write was neither the pride of syntax nor the certainty
of being right in his observations; he was driven to paper to escape
from the torment of the desire to express something, he knew not
what, which he could express in no other way. He found no congenial
conversation at home and little abroad, and yet he felt that he had
something to say and must say it.It
should not be supposed that either Jonah Wood’s misfortunes or his
poverty, which was after all comparative, though hard to bear,
prevented George from mixing in the world with which he was connected
by his mother’s birth, and to some extent by his father’s former
position. The old gentleman, indeed, was too proud to renew his
acquaintance with people who had thought him dishonourable until he
had proved himself spotless; but the very demonstration of his
uprightness had been so convincing and clear that it constituted a
patent of honour for his son. Many persons who had blamed themselves
for their hasty judgment would have been glad to make amends by their
cordial reception of the man they had so cruelly mistaken. George,
however, was quite as proud as his father, and much more sensitive.
He remembered well enough the hard-hearted, boyish stare he had seen
in the eyes of some of his companions when he was but just seventeen
years old, and later, at college, when his father’s self-sacrifice
was fully known, and his old associates had held out their hands to
his in the hope of making everything right again, George had met them
with stony eyes and scornful civility. It was not easy to forgive,
and with all his excellent qualities and noble honesty of purpose,
Jonah Wood was not altogether displeased to know that his son held
his head high and drew back from the renewal of fair weather
friendships. Almost against his will he encouraged him in his
conduct, while doing his best to appear at least indifferent.George
needed but little encouragement to remain in social obscurity, though
he was conscious of a rather contemptible hope that he might one day
play a part in society, surrounded by all the advantages of wealth
and general respect which belong especially to those few who possess
both, by inheritance rather than as a result of their own labours. He
was not quite free from that subtle aristocratic taint which has
touched so many members of American society. Like the wind, no man
can tell whence it comes nor whither it goes; but unlike the ill wind
in the proverb it blows no good to any one. It is not the breath of
that republican inequality which is caused by two men extracting a
different degree of advantage from the same circumstances; it is not
the inevitable inequality produced by the inevitable struggle for
existence, wealth and power; but it is the fictitious inequality
caused by the pretence that the accident of a man’s birth should of
itself constitute for him a claim to have special opportunities made
for him, adapted to his use and protected by law for his particular
benefit. It is a fallacy which is in the air, and which threatens to
produce evil consequences wherever it becomes localised.Perhaps,
at some future time yet far distant, a man will arise who shall
fathom and explain the great problems presented by human vanity. No
more interesting study could be found wherewith to occupy the
greatest mind, and assuredly none in the pursuit of which a man would
be so constantly confronted by new and varied matter for research.
One main fact at least we know. Vanity is the boundless,
circumambient and all-penetrating ether in which all man’s thoughts
and actions have being and receive manifestation. All moral and
intellectual life is either full of it and in sympathy with it,
breathing it as our bodies breathe the air, or is out of balance with
it in the matter of quantity and is continually struggling to restore
its own lost equilibrium. It is as impossible to conceive of anything
being done in the world without also conceiving the element of vanity
as the medium for the action, as it is to imagine motion without
space, or time without motion. To say that any man who succeeds in
the race for superiority of any sort is without vanity, is downright
nonsense; to assert that any man can reach success without it, would
be to state more than any one has yet been able to prove. Let us
accept the fact that we are all vain, whether we be saints or
sinners, men of action or men of thought, men who leave our sign
manual upon the page of our little day or men who trudge through the
furrows of a nameless life ploughing and sowing that others may reap
and eat and be merry. After all, does not our conception of heaven
suggest to us a life from which all vanity is absent, and does not
our idea of hell show us an existence in which vanity reigns supreme
and hopeless, without prospect of satisfaction? Let us at least
strive that our vanity may neither do injury to our fellow-men, nor
recoil and become ridiculous in ourselves.Enough
has been said to define and explain the character and life of the
young man whose history this book is to relate. He himself was far
from being conscious of all his virtues, faults, and capabilities. He
neither knew his own energy nor was aware of the hidden enthusiasm
which was only just beginning to make itself felt as a vague, uneasy
longing for something that should surpass ordinary things. He did not
know that he possessed singular talents as well as unusual defects.
He had not even begun to look upon life as a problem offered him for
solution, and upon his own heart as an object for his own study. He
scarcely felt that he had a heart at all, nor knew where to look for
it in others. His life was not happy, and yet he had not tasted the
bitter sources of real unhappiness. He was oppressed by his
surroundings, but he could not have told what he would have done with
the most untrammelled liberty. He despised money, he worked for a
pittance, and yet he secretly longed for all that money could buy. He
was profoundly attached to his father, and yet he found the good
man’s company intolerable. He shrank from a society in which he
might have been a welcome guest, and yet he dreamed of playing a
great part in it some day. He believed himself cynical when he was in
reality quixotic, his idols of gold were hidden behind images of
clay, and he really cared little for those things which he had
schooled himself to admire the most. He fancied himself a critic when
he was foredestined by his nature and his circumstances to become an
object of criticism to others. He forced his mind to do what it found
least congenial, not acting in obedience to any principle or idea of
duty, but because he was sure that he knew his own abilities, and
that no other path lay open to success. He was in the darkest part of
the transition which precedes development, for he was in that period
during which a man makes himself imagine that he has laid hold on the
thread of the future, while something he will not heed warns him that
the chaos is wilder than ever before. In the dark hour before
manhood’s morning he was journeying resolutely away from the coming
dawn.