Edith Wharton

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Edith Wharton was an American novelist, short story writer, and designer, widely acclaimed for her depictions of the American upper class and the constraints of society on individual freedom. Born into a wealthy New York family, Wharton used her intimate knowledge of high society to craft novels that critically explored themes of social expectation, morality, and the inner lives of women. Her works, including The Age of Innocence (1920) and Ethan Frome (1911), established her as one of the great American authors of the early 20th century, earning her both critical and commercial success. Wharton's novels and short stories often examine the clash between societal expectations and individual desire. The House of Mirth (1905), her first major success, follows the tragic story of Lily Bart, a beautiful woman navigating New York high society but ultimately doomed by her own social and financial aspirations. Wharton's most celebrated work, The Age of Innocence, for which she won the Pulitzer Prize in 1921—the first awarded to a woman — depicts the struggles of Newland Archer, a man caught between duty and desire in a rigid social world. Through these characters, Wharton offered pointed critiques of the superficiality, hypocrisy, and rigid moral codes of the upper class. Wharton was also adept at portraying life beyond the New York elite. In Ethan Frome, set in a bleak New England town, she explores themes of isolation, forbidden love, and the impact of environment on character, showcasing her versatility and insight into diverse settings and experiences.