Atlantis E-Book

Rudolf Steiner

• Herausgeber: Rudolf Steiner Press
• Kategorie: Religion und Spiritualität
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Seitenzahl: 137

Beschreibung

The wisdom contained in this book is not derived via the usual methods of scholarly and historical research, and neither is it based on theory or speculation. Rudolf Steiner acquired his original contribution to human knowledge from metaphysical dimensions of reality which are hidden to most people - but visible to anybody who is prepared to develop spiritual means of perception. With his philosophical and scientific training, Steiner brought a new systematic discipline to the field of spiritual research, allowing for fully conscious methods and comprehensive results. A natural seer, he cultivated his spiritual vision to a high degree, enabling him to speak with authority on previously veiled mysteries. Samples of his work is to be found in this book of edited texts, which brings together excerpts from his many talks and writings on the subject of Atlantis. This volume also features an editorial introduction, commentary and notes by Dr Andrew Welburn. Chapters: The Continent of Atlantis; The Moving Continents; The History of Atlantis; The Earliest Civilizations; The Beginnings of Thought; Etheric Technology - Atlantean 'Magic' Powers; Twilight of the Magicians; The Divine Messengers; Atlantean Secret Knowledge - it's Betrayal and Subsequent Fate; The Origins of the Mysteries; Atlantis and Spiritual Evolution.

Leseprobe

RUDOLF STEINER (1861-1925) called his spiritual philosophy ‘anthroposophy’, meaning ‘wisdom of the human being’. As a highly developed seer, he based his work on direct knowledge and perception of spiritual dimensions. He initiated a modern and universal ‘science of spirit’, accessible to anyone willing to exercise clear and unprejudiced thinking.

From his spiritual investigations Steiner provided suggestions for the renewal of many activities, including education (both general and special), agriculture, medicine, economics, architecture, science, philosophy, religion and the arts. Today there are thousands of schools, clinics, farms and other organizations involved in practical work based on his principles. His many published works feature his research into the spiritual nature of the human being, the evolution of the world and humanity, and methods of personal development. Steiner wrote some 30 books and delivered over 6000 lectures across Europe. In 1924 he founded the General Anthroposophical Society, which today has branches throughout the world.

Also available:

(Esoteric)AlchemyChristian RozenkreutzThe DruidsThe GoddessThe Holy Grail

(Practical Applications)AgricultureArchitectureArtEducationEurythmyMedicineReligionScienceSocial and Political Science

(Festivals)ChristmasEasterMichaelmasSt John’sWhitsun

RUDOLF STEINERATLANTIS

The Fate of a Lost Land andits Secret Knowledge

Compiled with an introduction,commentary and notes byAndrew Welburn

Sophia Books

Sophia BooksAn imprint of Rudolf Steiner PressHillside House, The SquareForest Row, East SussexRH18 5ES

www.rudolfsteinerpress.com

Published by Rudolf Steiner Press 2012

For earlier English publications of extracted material see Sources

The material by Rudolf Steiner was originally published in Germanin various volumes of the ‘GA’ (Rudolf Steiner Gesamtausgabe orCollected Works) by Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach. Thisauthorized edition is published by permission of the Rudolf SteinerNachlassverwaltung, Dornach (for further information see Note Regarding Rudolf Steiner’s Lectures)

All translations revised by Christian von Arnim

This selection and translation © Rudolf Steiner Press 2001

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in anyform or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopyingor otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers.

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978 1 85584 276 2

Cover by Andrew MorganTypeset by DP Photosetting, Aylesbury, Bucks.

Contents

Introduction: Atlantis and Prehistory-A ModernPerspective by Andrew J. Welburn

1. The Continent of Atlantis

The moving continents

2. The History of Atlantis

The earliest civilizations

The beginnings of thought

3. Etheric Technology: Atlantean ‘Magic’ Powers

Etheric technology

Twilight of the magicians

4. The Divine Messengers

5. Atlantean Secret Knowledge: Its Betrayal and Subsequent Fate

The origins of the Mysteries

6. Concluding Survey: Atlantis and Spiritual Evolution

Notes

Sources

Suggested Further Reading

Note Regarding Rudolf Steiner’s Lectures

Introduction: Atlantis and Prehistory-A Modern Perspective

by Andrew J. Welburn

What do we really know about human prehistory? What were our remoter ancestors like, the brutish ‘cavemen’ of popular mythology or, as seems increasingly to be suggested, human but strangely different from ourselves? More and more such questions are being asked. Despite the efforts of generations of fossil-hunters and archaeologists, leading experts on the subject are increasingly driven to admit that much which is essential to understanding the origins and early development of humanity remains an enigma.

Darwin’s hope that the emergence of human intelligence could be explained from the gradual animal evolution of uprightness in apes-freeing the hands and arms, leading to tool-making, leading to co-operation and socialization, in turn requiring greater brain-power, and so producing higher intelligence—long dominated the scientific debate about prehistory. Only from the late 1960s did the evidence of new discoveries finally force scientists themselves to question it.1 Now huge uncertainties and divergencies of opinion have emerged. Rather than a gradual animal development, over 15 million years or so, many now think the evidence indicates more sudden processes (at least in evolutionary terms). Just the latest phase of the emergence of Homo produced a tripling of the brain-size—the ‘run-away brain’ as some experts call it: an evolutionary leap which now looks less like a product of early human evolution than a force which actively empowered it.2 Increasingly the scientists have had to ask whether such distinctively human things as language, consciousness, memory are really the results, the by-products as Darwin supposed, of our physical evolution. Was it not rather language, as many have now come to think, which transformed the evolutionary potential of humans and brought about the massive enlargement of brain-power, rather than vice versa? Was it not the closely related factor of social interaction rather than Darwinian competitive hunting activity which drove the emergence of human culture?3

The turn-around of cart and horse, so to speak, in the understanding of evolution has once again brought the issue of the human, rather than animal, to the forefront of our thinking. Yet paradoxically, the new trend leaves us with greater chasms to be spanned. It leaves the hominids prior to those breakthrough leaps, whose remains are now being uncovered in greater numbers, looking markedly less human. Sometimes we have the strange phenomenon of closely related hominid types, but the one ‘robust’ and animal-like, the other ‘gracile’ and human in tendency. And how are we to explain the extraordinary rate of change shown in human evolution?4 It is hard to avoid the impression that something is still missing from the picture—that we need a change of perspective still more radical, a deeper insight into our humanity, if we are really to understand what is going on.

Of course it is still a huge leap from these questions to the perspective of Rudolf Steiner—perhaps of the order of an evolutionary breakthrough in our thinking itself! But it is certainly true that, on the basis of his spiritual conception of humanity (‘anthroposophy’, ‘wisdom of man’) Rudolf Steiner had already thought through many of the issues now facing research into these fascinating domains. If his Atlanteans still seem far removed from the speculations of the fossil-scientists of today, it must at least be admitted that the appearance, relatively far back, of such things as language, relatively complete and elaborate, rather than as the result of indeterminately long evolutionary chipping, makes the existence of ‘human’ ways of life in those ancient times something with which we now have to come to terms. And such ‘human’ features must nevertheless have co-existed with the absence of many of the aspects of human cultural, and even physical evolution, which we now take for granted. The situation Steiner describes of a humanity that had highly developed memory, and dreamlike spiritual perception of their living environment, but nothing of what we know as rationality or self-awareness, makes sense when we abandon the old notion of all human faculties emerging slowly together. Quite different states of development, quite different kinds of consciousness must have existed in the ages of human evolution. Our perspective on ourselves must change accordingly. Knowledge of the Atlantean stage of human development was important to Steiner for precisely this reason, as a part of our understanding of human evolution overall. We need to understand it so as to know how we became human, the nature of our consciousness — and this is crucially important because it is only by seeing how we got here that we can also appreciate our potential for further development. Other modes of human life have existed, and in the future will again be possible. It is this evolutionary perspective which is crucial to Steiner’s anthroposophical approach. And the way evolution turns out to have been driven by such factors as language-development, socialization, etc. falls into place for him as part of an idea of evolution that from the very beginning included such ‘spiritual’ aspects, helping to determine the direction of organic evolution rather than emerging piecemeal from it. We shall see how they figure in his account of the way that ‘spiritual evolution’ has played into and all along been part of physical evolution, at the human stage bringing about the implanting of memory, language and thought.5 Despite the huge gulfs that still remain, the convergences of approach between spiritual and scientific are also striking, and in many ways Steiner seems to furnish exactly that other half of the equation which was felt to be implied, however enigmatically, by the missing dimension in ordinary scientific thought.

Steiner’s Atlanteans are also a timely reminder of the way that our own evolution is always part of a larger evolution—that with a certain stage of development goes a whole world, an ecology of which we are part. With their ‘human’ but still undifferentiated, ‘cosmic’ consciousness, they were in touch with the kinetic and growth forces in nature in a direct way which we can no longer experience, except through special techniques and training. It is really only in recent times, with the highly individualistic consciousness we now possess, that it has been possible to forget our interdependence. And it has been the task of spiritual thought, like Rudolf Steiner’s, to remind us of the potentialities and also the dangers inherent in this situation. The catastrophe of Atlantis is in part a warning for us today which can only be more urgently addressed to our modern civilization than when Steiner expressed it in these essays and lectures. But there is much more of the positive side, which we also need today, where Rudolf Steiner describes how the consciousness of the Atlanteans concerning the hidden dimensions of the forces of nature was preserved in its essentials in the esoteric thought and practices of the ancient Mysteries. In so far as it thus came down and played a part in Christianity (even if the Church today has forgotten or denied its connections with the Mysteries) it provides us with a key to the role that Christianity can again play in healing the ecological situation of our own day.

What the Mysteries preserved, according to Steiner, was not just a tradition about those primordial times. They preserved a way of entering once again into the ‘primitive’ consciousness, in touch with the powers of nature, which is still there from our Atlantean heritage, though it has been overlaid by many subsequent layers of development. As a result of their techniques something, at least, of the world of Atlantis could be brought to life again. We have here the clue as to how the Mysteries could hand down knowledge of times so misty and remote, from times when even the disposition of the continents on the earth’s surface was different. Every configuration of human development implies the whole world which belonged to it. Therefore to recreate that configuration inwardly is, if done sufficiently deeply and objectively, to rediscover the ‘cosmic memory’ of those lost times (the Akashic Record as it is sometimes called). Staying in touch with their prehistoric heritage was in fact one of the primary functions of the ancient Mystery-cults, and in them images of the distant past were expressed subsequently by the initiates in myth and vision. Rudolf Steiner thus helps us to understand how humanity’s connection with former dispositions of the earth could live on—and can indeed be rediscovered by independent spiritual research today.6

As for the changing continents and the riddle of Atlantis itself, Steiner’s account has little connection with the efforts of those who would look for evidence in shallow seas that might have been land in historical times, or on the Atlantic ridge. His claim that the changing shapes of continents and oceans are an expression of the constantly moving ‘inner life’ of the earth rather looks forward once more to advanced ideas of ‘continental drift’, scientifically mocked and disparaged even long after Steiner’s day when they were put forward by Wegener and others, but nowadays central to our view of the earth’s past. Steiner explains:

In that primeval time, the portion of the surface of the earth’s globe today covered by the Atlantic Ocean was a mighty continent; while, where Europe, Asia and Africa are now situated scarcely any continents were formed. Thus it is that the solid matter, the very substance of the earth has been transformed as a result of its inner motion. For the planet earth is in a continual state of inner movement...7

W. Scott-Elliot (for whose work Steiner vouches, at least in externals) shows South America still separate as well as Atlantis, and the remains of a large older continent from the break-up of which the modern disposition of land-masses finally results.8 Much of this makes good modern sense, once we understand how humanity retained a spiritual connection with these primal events. Since Steiner’s day, science has come to the conclusion, already writ large in Steiner’s evolutionary thought, that these processes follow large rhythmic patterns.9 Behind the studies collected in this book stands that cosmic wisdom which reveals the connection of man with the whole evolution of the world. Steiner still has much to teach us, I believe, about the links between human evolution and these vast rhythms of creation—links which are to be discovered in the hidden structure of our consciousness itself.

Rudolf Steiner’s writings and lectures on Atlantis, then, can open up exciting new vistas onto our own inner worlds, and, in their spiritual significance, onto the worlds that are only now being rediscovered by science in the primordial ages of humanity and our planet. I would only add one final note. Steiner makes rather frequent reference in some of these studies to the emergence of special characteristics among the different primitive races of mankind. He also reiterates on numerous occasions that this phase of racial differentiation belongs to the distant past. Nowadays all creative change of the kind we need comes from individuals, not from racial groupings, which have become irrelevant to humanity’s modern form of existence. The title-page of Darwin’s Origin of Species had contained a reference to ‘natural selection’ and to ‘the preservation of favoured races’. Certain features of his thought plainly arose on the analogy of the competitive economics and empire-building of Victorian society. Or conversely, there were many who interpreted his evolutionary biology as implying that in the modern world too there would be ‘dominant races’ in the struggle for mastery over their environment. Rudolf Steiner rejected this approach in its entirety, and everywhere insisted that after prehistoric, Atlantean times in man’s evolution one could speak only of developing cultures, cultural epochs, etc. This is a point he reiterates several times in the materials collected in this book. For him the concept of race belongs to the remoter past of humanity, and in modern times essentially has no reality. This aspect of his message needs to be emphasized even today, in our age which has learned a good deal about political correctness in such matters, but which retains a tendency to fall back all too easily on ‘mass culture’ and its stereotypes. These are further examples of tendencies that need to be overcome by spiritual thinking today. Rudolf Steiner’s concept of the creatively evolving individual, able to discover the full potential within our ever-changing individual and cultural perspectives on reality, still beckons to us from the future.

1. The Continent of Atlantis

How is it possible to know what really happened in prehistory? Rudolf Steiner describes the inner connections which still exist in consciousness with the distant past, enabling even the remotest events to be ‘remembered’ by the initiates. He uncovers a world that is startling, yet makes profound sense today. Concepts such as the cyclic generation and movement of earth’s land-masses contradicted the ‘land-bridge’ theories of his time, but now appear prophetic. Reaching far beyond the methods of ordinary history, Steiner opens the portals on a lost world that is nevertheless integral to the understanding of our own.