Meet the Breeds E-Book

• Herausgeber: CompanionHouse Books
• Kategorie: Lebensstil
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016

Seitenzahl: 583

Beschreibung

With more than 200 registered breeds either in one of the seven Variety Groups or part of the Miscellaneous Class, the American Kennel Club is the world's largest purebred-dog registry and the governing body for the canine sport in the United States. For someone looking to add a purebred canine companion to his or her life or for the all-around purebred-dog enthusiast, this AKC-authorized fifth edition of Meet the Breeds is a complete, current, and fully illustrated resource on all AKC breeds. Meet the Breeds presents the most current AKC information, introducing readers to two new Miscellaneous breeds, the Barbet and the Kooikerhondje, and documenting the transition from the Miscellaneous Class to full recognition for six other breeds. Fanciers are sure to learn something interesting about their favorite breeds while meeting plenty of new and intriguing furry faces.Inside Meet the Breeds:Considerations for potential dog ownersAn introduction to each of the groups and a discussion of common traits shared by group membersListings of AKC dog breeds, including each breed's history and description, temperament, size, coat, color, life expectancy, activity level, grooming and exercise requirements, healthcare, and parent-club and rescue-group contact information.Breed profiles organized alphabetically and color-coded by groupColorful photographs of adult dogs and puppies of each breed

Leseprobe

Meet the Breeds5th Edition

Project Team

Editor: Amy Deputato

Copy Editor: Joann Woy

Design: Mary Ann Kahn

i-5 PUBLISHING, LLC™

Chairman: David Fry

Chief Financial Officer: David Katzoff

Chief Digital Officer: Jennifer Black-Glover

Chief Marketing Officer: Beth Freeman Reynolds

Marketing Director: Cameron Triebwasser

General Manager, i-5 Press: Christopher Reggio

Art Director, i-5 Press: Mary Ann Kahn

Senior Editor, i-5 Press: Amy Deputato

Production Director: Laurie Panaggio

Production Manager: Jessica Jaensch

American Kennel Club: Aliza Burns, Michael Canalizo, Gina DiNardo, Daphna Straus

Copyright © 2016 by i-5 Publishing, LLC™

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of i-5 Press™, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in an acknowledged review.

The Library of Congress has cataloged an earlier edition as follows:

The American Kennel Club’s meet the breeds : dog breeds from A to Z / author, The American Kennel Club.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-935484-59-2 (alk. paper)

1. Dog breeds. 2. Dogs. I. American Kennel Club.

SF426A534 2010

636.7’1--dc22

2010036360

This book has been published with the intent to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter within. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the author and publisher expressly disclaim any responsibility for any errors, omissions, or adverse effects arising from the use or application of the information contained herein. The techniques and suggestions are used at the reader’s discretion and are not to be considered a substitute for veterinary care. If you suspect a medical problem, consult your veterinarian.

i-5 Publishing, LLC™

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Are You Ready to Be a Dog Owner?

The multifaceted responsibilities of dog ownership have been well publicized in recent years. We are vigorously cautioned to investigate all aspects of care and training before acquiring a dog. But this isn’t as easy as it sounds. A dog’s demands vary drastically by breed, and even individual puppies in the same litter can have different needs. Long-held notions about dog care are constantly revised with innovations such as dog parks, dog whisperers, and dog walkers. If you are prepared to manage some complication and inconvenience, large energetic dogs can live contentedly in small apartments, and hairless dogs can live happily in frigid northern climates.

Dogs are some of the world’s most adaptable creatures. They have been acclimating themselves to human lifestyles for thousands of years. We should never underestimate their ability to do this. Dogs have some basic and essential requirements, and we must honestly evaluate our ability to provide them with what they need.

Today most dogs are destined to spend their lives as pets, regardless of their instinctive abilities or heritage. Dogs come in every imaginable shape and size, and these differences comprise a lot more than superficialities of appearance. Mental and physical traits are inseparable. Inherited tendencies, sensory abilities, and energy levels will profoundly influence a puppy’s chances of acclimating to certain lifestyles. Every puppy’s personality is ultimately a combination of genetics and environment, but there are clear differences in canine temperament traits, based on a dog’s ancestry and intended function. A hound and a terrier not only look different, they think and act differently. Their perceptions, energy levels, and responses to training will differ. Many temperamental differences are easily predicted, but they may not be obvious without some breed knowledge or research. For instance, toy dogs come from a variety of backgrounds. They are all little and cute, but they are not all equally sweet, cuddly, and biddable. The Boxer and the Neapolitan Mastiff are both Working breeds, both watchdogs, but their basic temperaments differ drastically.

Knowing something about a breed’s history and innate temperament greatly improves the odds of choosing a good canine match. It also makes it easier to anticipate potential problems to which a puppy may be prone. Better yet, all of this information is available at the click of a mouse.

For every breed, in-depth information about temperament, health, and general care can be instantly accessed through a network of local and national dog clubs and from the American Kennel Club. Long before you bring your new Great Pyrenees puppy home, you will know that he is going to need more than average amounts of socialization, training, and exercise and that he is likely to demonstrate strong guardian instincts at maturity. Taking the time to discover these details before acquiring a puppy makes all the difference in the world.

Meet the Purebred Dog

The American Kennel Club (AKC) has grouped all of the breeds that it registers into seven categories, or groups, roughly based on function and heritage. Breeds are grouped together because they share traits of form and function or a common heritage. You probably have some idea of which traits you really want in a puppy, which unanticipated traits you are prepared to cope with, and which traits you really want to avoid. Specific qualities associated with the breeds in these groups provide some idea of where to begin your search.

Sporting Breeds

First developed in thirteenth-century Iberia, sporting dogs were bred to work closely with hunters to assist with hawking, netting, and especially shooting. Rather than capturing or killing their quarry, they helped locate it, retrieve it, or both, as they still do today. As soon as they were introduced to the rest of Europe, sporting breeds became immensely popular, and they have remained so ever since. Their intelligence and natural versatility make them easy to train for a wide range of activities. Many Sporting dogs are still used for hunting. They also compete in organized field trials. But the majority of them live as companions. Some of the most popular breeds, such as the Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, and Cocker Spaniel, are found in this group.

Sometimes referred to as “bird dogs” or “gundogs,” there are four basic types of sporting dog. Spaniels are used to flush birds and game into the open, setters and pointers locate game, retrievers fetch game, and water retrievers retrieve dead and wounded game specifically from the water. Some Sporting breeds have been further specialized to hunt certain types of game or work in particular kinds of terrain. For instance, the Clumber Spaniel is a slow, steady hunter, easy to follow on foot. The Chesapeake Bay Retriever was designed to retrieve game from the frigid waters of the Chesapeake Bay. A number of sporting breeds are also classified as multipurpose breeds, known as “HPR” breeds because they hunt, point, and retrieve.

In general, Sporting dogs are friendly, sociable, and highly responsive to humans. They are tireless workers with tremendous energy. Many of them, especially the water-retrieving breeds, have well-insulated water-repellent coats, which are quite resistant to environmental conditions.

Is a Sporting Dog for You?

• Sporting dogs are bred to be highly responsive to human direction, which makes them easy to train.• They are noted for their ability to get along well with children and other dogs.• Sturdy and athletic, with plenty of energy and stamina, a Sporting dog is a good choice for someone with an active lifestyle.• Their protective coats allow some of these breeds to spend a lot of time in outdoor activity.• They need a substantial amount of regular exercise.• They need plenty of social interaction. • Some Sporting breeds shed extensively, while others require significant grooming.• Some Sporting breeds are prone to doggy odor.

Hound Breeds

Hounds are the world’s oldest specialized hunting dogs, documented for thousands of years. Their gracefulness, beauty, and superlative hunting skills inspired ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics and Greek literature. Hounds are not good at everything, but they are extremely talented at what they were bred to do. In medieval times, owning a Greyhound often meant the difference between survival and starvation. Today hounds are used for recreational hunting, performance competition, therapy work, and police and customs work, and, of course, as pets. The Beagle and the Dachshund are among the popular breeds found in this group.

Hound breeds vary drastically in size, shape, and proportion, from smooth-coated, short-legged Dachshunds to huge, rough-coated, leggy Irish Wolfhounds. There are two basic hound types: sighthounds and scenthounds, so named for the primary sense by which they hunt. Examples of sighthounds include the Borzoi, Afghan Hound, Greyhound, and Whippet. Some sighthounds are short-coated and some are long-coated, but all of them have extremely keen eyesight and are built for speed to find, chase, and catch prey. These are the fastest breeds, pursuing their quarry with single-minded determination. They run mute, using all their breath to gain speed.

Examples of scenthounds include the Bloodhound, Basset Hound, Beagle, and foxhounds, as well as the coonhounds, such as the Black and Tan Coonhound, American English Coonhound, and Redbone Coonhound. They follow their prey primarily by scent rather than by sight. With large nostrils and long ears to help them gather scents, they are truly built to sniff. All scenthounds are also noted for their tremendous endurance and perseverance.

Unlike sighthounds, who hunt silently, scenthounds instinctively bark or howl when they pick up a scent. When hunting, they move more slowly than sighthounds do. Some are short-legged, making them easy to follow on foot rather than on horseback. Probably the most renowned scenthound is the Bloodhound, prized for centuries for its trailing abilities. Working Bloodhounds remain indispensable to police departments and search and rescue teams all over the world.

Perhaps the most unique of the scenthounds is the Dachshund, so much so that the breed competes in a group of its own in Europe. The Dachshund does possess some traits that set it apart from other hounds and make it seem more like a terrier; Dachshunds are permitted to compete in earthdog events along with the Terrier breeds.

Regardless of specialized abilities, all Hounds are mentally and physically designed to find and catch prey. Hunted singly, in pairs, or in packs, they rely primarily on their instincts and senses rather than human direction. They’ve been selectively bred to work independently and persistently, qualities highly desired in a hunting dog. But these traits can complicate training, which is why Hounds are sometimes described as being aloof or independent. Their affection and devotion to their owners may be balanced by a reserve toward strangers.

Is a Hound for You?

• Hounds are sturdy and hardy.• Hounds are sensitive, even-tempered, gentle, and highly affectionate.• The short- and smoothhaired breeds require very little coat care.• Many sighthounds are fairly inactive indoors, making them good house dogs.• Their strong predatory drive makes them very playful.• Some Hounds are notably quiet; others are not. • Their strong hunting drive can cause hounds to be easily distracted during training.• Because of their strong predatory instinct, hounds may not be reliable with small animals and other pets unless they are well socialized to them at a young age.• Their instinct to chase things can make Hounds unreliable off lead.• Digging and jumping breeds can be escape artists.• Leash training, obedience training, and a securely fenced yard are mandatory.• Smooth- and shorthaired breeds may need extra weather protection.• Long-coated breeds may experience extensive seasonal shedding.

Working Breeds

This is a broad category, including breeds that perform a wide variety of roles, such as those of police dog, sled dog, guard dog, and search and rescue dogs. They are some of the world’s oldest breeds. Mastiffs have been used since Roman times as house guards and war dogs. Draft dogs have been used to pull carts and sleds since the thirteenth century. Many of these breeds are still used as working dogs today. Rottweilers and Doberman Pinschers are preferred breeds for military work. Others are favored as guide dogs and drug-detection dogs. Because Working breeds are so versatile, many of them have traditionally been used for multiple functions, such as hunting, guarding estates and livestock, tracking, hauling freight, and serving as companions.

The common denominator is that all Working breeds assist humans in some capacity or another. They vary in appearance, but they are all known for their tremendous strength, endurance, and intelligence. Many have been bred to appear menacing, which belies their gentle, loving nature. They tend to be naturally protective toward their household “pack” and home territory.

Is a Working Dog for You?•

• They have plenty of strength, stamina, and endurance.• They are extremely loyal to and protective of their families and make excellent watchdogs.• Their weatherproof coats provide good protection in hot and cold weather.• They are responsive to training.• Some large Working breeds have only modest exercise requirements despite their size.• Many Working breeds are fairly inactive indoors, making them well-behaved house dogs.• Working instincts can veer in unwanted directions without adequate training and socialization. • Owners must be prepared to supply firm and consistent training.• Some Working breeds can be very slow to mature, retaining puppy traits longer than some smaller breeds do.• Because of their strong protective instincts, Working dogs tend to be tolerant but suspicious of strangers. Don’t expect these breeds to behave as fun-loving extroverts.• Giant-breed puppies require careful dietary management and have some exercise restrictions as they grow. • Some breeds in this group can be targets of breed-specific legislation.

Terrier Breeds

Rugged, courageous, and self-sufficient, Terriers were developed in England centuries ago. They were expected to hunt, eradicate vermin, guard their families’ homes, and serve as companions. Although all Terriers originally served as working dogs, many of the functions that Terriers once performed are now obsolete, and most terriers today live primarily as companions.

Modern-day terriers still retain the working traits of their ancestors. Short-legged terriers, such as the Scottish Terrier and Cairn Terrier, were bred to pursue prey such as foxes and badgers underground. Long-legged terriers, such as the Airedale Terrier and Fox Terrier, were developed to tackle larger prey and keep up with fast-running packs of foxhounds during a hunt. The bull-and-terrier breeds were designed to be strong, agile, and tenacious for bull-baiting.

All Terriers are tough and resilient. They have high energy levels and enhanced reactivity, responding instantly to anything unusual in their environments. Their moderate sizes simplify many aspects of routine care, but their headstrong, energetic natures can pose training challenges. Without appropriate outlets for their mental and physical energy, they may devote their time to barking, digging, and chewing.

Is a Terrier for You?

• Vilgilant and fearless, they make great alarm dogs.• They are adaptable to small living spaces and city life.• Their moderate sizes and extroverted temperaments can make well-trained Terriers good companions for children. • Shorthaired and wirehaired coats are protective and low maintenance.• Sturdy structures make them less prone to many common orthopedic disorders and injuries.• Terriers require firm, consistent training to discourage rough play and biting.• Without early, comprehensive socialization toward other dogs, some Terriers have the potential to become dog-aggressive. • They may not be reliable around small animals due to their strong predatory instinct.• If neglected or bored, they can become prone to digging, chewing, and barking.

Bull-and-terrier breeds may be subject to breed-specific legislation.

Toy Breeds

Toy breeds come from a wide range of backgrounds. Some of them, such as the Chinese Crested and Maltese, were developed solely as companions. Others, such as the Toy Manchester Terrier, Pomeranian, and Italian Greyhound, are miniaturized versions of other breeds, and they retain many of the traits associated with their larger counterparts. Regardless of their origins, all Toy breeds are naturally attuned to human interaction. They are affectionate, sociable, and adaptable to a wide range of lifestyles. Because they are so affectionate, toy breeds are temperamentally suited to children but might not be sturdy enough for rough play, and thus caution must be taken.

Today most Toy dogs live as companions. They are also popular for therapy work, competitive obedience, and agility. Despite their size, many Toy breeds are very energetic, requiring quite a bit of daily exercise. Of course, everything is relative. A Japanese Chin can get a good workout just by running around the living room.

Some Toy breeds, such as the Chihuahua and Yorkshire Terrier, have strong protective instincts, requiring consistent training and socialization to prevent associated behavior problems. Others, such as the Shih Tzu and Toy Poodle, need substantial grooming unless they are kept in pet clips. Toy breeds have a reputation for being difficult to train. However, many of these problems are caused by indulgent owners rather than due to any particular traits of Toy-breed temperament.

Is a Toy Dog for You?

• Easily portable, Toy dogs make great travel companions. Smaller breeds are noted for their longevity.• Some Toy breeds, such as the Papillon, Miniature Pinscher, and Pug, have very low-maintenance, easy-to-groom coats. • Many Toy dogs are surprisingly tough, athletic, and energetic. They are, indeed, big dogs in small packages.• Small size decreases a dog’s resistance to weather conditions.• Small size increases a dog’s risk of accidental injuries and escapes.• Some Toy dogs have a higher than normal incidence of vaccine, anesthesia, and drug reactions.• Some Toy breeds, such as the Maltese and Havanese, require complex regular grooming.

Non-Sporting Breeds

When the American Kennel Club was founded more than a century ago, all breeds were classified as either Sporting or Non-Sporting. Gradually, as new groupings were added, most breeds were moved out of the Non-Sporting Group. Eventually, it became a sort of catch-all group for breeds that simply did not fit anywhere else. The breeds comprising the AKC’s Non-Sporting Group vary drastically in size, type, and heritage. They come from a wide range of backgrounds, making it difficult to generalize about them.

Some Non-Sporting breeds, such as the Chinese Shar-Pei, Tibetan Spaniel, and Lhasa Apso, are among the world’s oldest breeds, traditionally used as guardians. Others, such as the Dalmatian, Bulldog, Keeshond, and Schipperke, were bred for working functions that are now obsolete. A few, such as the water-retrieving Standard Poodles, are still used occasionally in their traditional jobs. There are also several breeds in this group that were bred strictly to serve as companions, such as the Boston Terrier, French Bulldog, and Bichon Frise.

Although their temperaments vary considerably due to their range of origins, all Non-Sporting breeds were designed to interact with humans in some capacity. Not all of them can be classified as extroverts, but they are known for outstanding loyalty and devotion to their owners. Some, such as the Standard and Miniature Poodles and the Bichon Frise, are quite outgoing. Others, such as the Tibetan Terrier and Chow Chow, are naturally reserved. Some of them, such as the Dalmatian, possess fairly high energy levels, and others, such as the Lhasa Apso, require extensive grooming.

Is a Non-Sporting Dog for You?

• All Non-Sporting breeds have fascinating histories.• Some Non-Sporting breeds, such as the Dalmatian and Shiba Inu, combine exotic appearance and low coat maintenance.• Some, such as the Bulldog and Chow Chow, have moderate exercise requirements.• Most are good watchdogs and house dogs.• Their eclectic backgrounds necessitate careful research of each breed to understand typical traits and temperament; you cannot generalize about the breeds in this group. • Some, such as the Chow Chow, Bichon Frise, and Lhasa Apso, require extensive grooming.• Some, such as the Bulldog, Boston Terrier, and French Bulldog, have a low tolerance to heat.

Herding Breeds

In many parts of the world, Herding dogs continue to gather, herd, and protect livestock, functions that they have performed since prehistoric times. But that’s far from all they do. Today, some Herding breeds, such as the German Shepherd Dog, are commonly trained for police and protection work. Others, such as the Border Collie, excel at competitive performance events. Because of their outstanding loyalty and intelligence, Herding dogs are prized as house dogs, watchdogs, and companions.

Herding dogs specialize in rounding up livestock, finding strays, and moving animals from one grazing area to another. They are designed to tirelessly stalk and chase. Their high working drive and boundless energy are great for rounding up sheep, but dogs with these traits do not easily adapt to an undemanding lifestyle. Barking, heel nipping, and nudging are normal herding behaviors that may be seen as problems in a house pet.

Is a Herding Dog for You?

• They are loyal, intelligent, and extremely affectionate toward their owners.• Their weatherproof coats are good for all types of climates.• They are versatile and have plenty of stamina for participating in all kinds of activities with their owners, and they excel at dog sports. • Herding dogs are sturdy and rugged and make good watchdogs; many work as police and military dogs. • They require consistent training and socialization as puppies.• Instinctive herding behaviors such as barking, nudging, stalking, and heel nipping are part of the package.• Some breeds can require extensive grooming to keep them clean and to minimize doggy odor.• Eager to please though independent-minded, herding dogs are easily trained.

What’s in a Group?

That’s 198 dog breeds in seven Groups and the Miscellaneous Class, which adds new breeds most every year. Since selecting the right breed can be overwhelming and exciting, a good understanding of the basic characteristics of each group can lead a new owner toward the perfect purebred dog.

Most owners have a good idea about what they want and don’t want in a companion dog. If you are certain that you want a dog that’s suitable for jogging with you, rain or shine, you should be looking more at the Sporting and some of the Hound breeds and likely less at the Toy and most of the Non-Sporting breeds. If, on the other hand, you’re looking for a snazzy, head-turning but less energetic pet, you’d likely go directly to the Toy and Non-Sporting Groups. Activity level is just one of the many things to think about. Other important considerations are size, grooming demands, and temperament.

Many large breeds are categorized as Working and Herding breeds, though some of the Hounds are huge, too. The smallest breeds are grouped as Toys, though you will also find a few pint-sized companions in the Non-Sporting Group. The Hounds generally have the easiest coats to groom, though any small shorthaired dog will be fairly undemanding to maintain.

Temperaments vary significantly from Group to Group, from breed to breed, and even from dog to dog. Even though temperament is fairly predictable in most breeds, generalizations are not always helpful: you can encounter a high-strung Saluki or Bulldog as readily as you can find an easygoing Border Collie or Brittany.

The forthcoming breed profiles, in alphabetical order, shed light on the temperaments, general descriptions, and requirements of each of the AKC breeds. Good luck, and enjoy this exciting opportunity to meet the breeds.

Contents

Are You Ready to Be a Dog Owner?

Dog Breed Profiles

Glossary

Resources

Dog Breed Profiles

Affenpinscher to Yorkshire Terrier

Affenpinscher

Affenpinscher-type dogs have existed for over four centuries, and they trace their ancestry to Germany’s schnauzers and pinschers. For hundreds of years, these farm dogs controlled rodents in barns, kitchens, and stables. These sturdy, scruffy, self-reliant little dogs were later crossed with breeds including the Brussels Griffon and Pug to perfect the “monkey terrier.” The breed first came to America in the 1930s.

The Affenpinscher is often described as a big dog in a small package. This is a toy-sized, compact, sturdy, balanced dog with a hard, wiry, protective coat. The breed’s uniquely appealing monkeylike expression is produced by round, dark, luminous eyes; a prominent lower lip; a short muzzle; and a broad jaw. Ears can be cropped, natural, erect, semi-erect, or dropped.

Year of AKC recognition: 1936

Group: Toy

Size: 9–11½ inches, 7–10 pounds

Coat: Affenpinschers have a rough, harsh wire coat of approximately 1 inch in length on the shoulders and body. The breed has a shaggy mane and a longer, slightly softer coat on the head, neck, chest, abdomen, and legs. The longer, shaggy coat on the head and the beard enhance the Affen’s monkey like expression.

Color: Black, gray, silver, red, black and tan, beige (red mixed with black, brown, and/or white)

Life expectancy: 12–15 years

Activity level: Moderate. They are active indoors and will get some exercise, but they should have daily walks and some outdoor play.

Grooming: The coat should be stripped regularly to maintain its hard texture and neatened occasionally with thinning shears. The goal is a “neat but shaggy” appearance.

Temperament: The Affenpinscher personality is an irresistible blend of the self-assurance and courage of its terrier forebears and the playful, affectionate nature of a companion breed. Affens are all business when protecting their families, but they are equally famed for their playfulness and comical, fun-loving nature.

Parent club: Affenpinscher Club of America (www.affenpinscher.org); founded in 1965

Buyers’ advice from Parent club: This is a very rare breed, and buyers should not get frustrated if they must wait for a puppy.

Rescue: E-mail [email protected]

Afghan Hound

This ancient sighthound is one of the world’s oldest breeds. It was developed in Afghanistan as a hunting dog and came to the attention of European dog lovers in the nineteenth century. Afghans are no longer used to hunt, but they are versatile. Even though the earliest records of Afghan Hounds in the United States date to the 1920s, it was the import of Ghazni dogs from Britain that established the breed in America. Today, they function as companions, therapy dogs, show dogs, and canine athletes.

The Afghan Hound is a true canine aristocrat—elegant, dignified, and aloof. This athletic hound is squarely proportioned, with long legs; prominent hip bones; a flowing ring tail; and a long, silky coat. The breed’s long head is refined, with a slightly Roman appearance to the muzzle, a strong underjaw, a profuse topknot, and a black nose. The long ears are covered with silky hair. One of the Afghan’s most arresting features is its exotic expression, with eyes that “gaze into the distance as if in memory of ages past.”

Year of AKC recognition: 1926

Group: Hound

Size: 25–27 inches, 50–60 pounds

Coat: Long, thick, and fine-textured, with shorter hair on back and a silky topknot

Color: All colors

Life expectancy: 12–18 years

Activity level: High. Afghans are generally quiet indoors, but they need daily outdoor running time. They have a high prey drive and will chase moving objects, so they must be exercised on lead or in a fenced area.

Grooming: Afghans should be thoroughly brushed, bathed, and blown dry regularly.

Temperament: Afghan Hounds are bred to work independently rather than taking cues from people. Although they seem aloof, Afghans are extremely affectionate with their owners. This is a spirited and sensitive, though at times strong-willed, breed. This independent streak, coupled with the breed’s high prey drive, can lead to training challenges. An Afghan Hound needs a consistent pack leader, ready to approach training with patience, determination, and a sense of humor.

Parent club: Afghan Hound Club of America (www.afghanhoundclubofamerica.org); founded in 1937

Buyers’ advice from Parent club: Visit dog shows to research the breed. See the puppy before purchase, and be prepared for a dog with an independent nature. The Afghan Hound Club of America has a mentoring program for new owners who need advice on grooming, training, and general care.

Regional clubs: The AHCA works with regional clubs in twenty-five states; for information, click on “Regional Clubs” on the parent club’s website.

Rescue: Afghan Hound Club of America Rescue (www.afghanhound.net)

Airedale Terrier

The now-extinct English Terrier and the Otterhound were two of the breeds used to create the Airedale Terrier. The breed was developed in the region of northern England’s Aire River and was known as the Waterside or Bingley Terrier in the nineteenth century. The hound ancestry added another dimension to the breed‘s hunting aptitude. In addition to terrier pursuits, Airedales were used to track and course game. They have also been used for police work, as wartime sentries, and as messengers, in addition to their role as family companions.

The Airedale is the largest AKC-recognized terrier, and the breed easily lives up to its reputation as the “king of terriers.” This is a sturdy, athletic dog with a hard, wiry, protective wash-and wear coat. The skull is long and flat; the button ears are small and V-shaped; the nose is black; and the eyes are dark and full of terrier fire. The breed has a moderately long neck, a deep chest, and a short, level back. The tail is set high and carried gaily but not over the back.

Year of AKC recognition: 1888

Group: Terrier

Size: 23 inches, 50–70 pounds

Coat: Dense, wiry outer coat with a shorter, softer undercoat

Color: Tan with black or dark grizzle (black mixed with gray and white) markings on the body

Life expectancy: 11–14 years

Activity level: This breed loves activity.

Grooming: Twice-weekly brushing is advised, and the beard should be washed regularly. Stripping or professional grooming four times per year is recommended.

Temperament: Airedales possess an interesting combination of hound and terrier personality traits. They are intelligent, self assured, and somewhat aloof. These qualities can make for an incomparable companion, but they can lead to bad habits if an Airedale is deprived of exercise and attention. Airedales are highly trainable, and their playfulness and versatility can be channeled into many activities and dog sports. However, they can be strong-willed and assertive, so consistent leadership is essential.

Parent club: Airedale Terrier Club of America (www.airedale.org); founded in 1900

Buyers’ advice from Parent club: Buy from a dedicated hobby breeder who has his or her dogs health-tested. Look for a well-socialized, self-assured puppy.

Regional clubs: For information on over twenty regional Airedale clubs, click on “Special Links” on the parent club’s website.

Rescue: ATCA Rescue and Adoption Committee (www.airedalerescue.net)

Akita

The Akita was developed in Japan as a versatile guardian and hunting dog. Early references to the breed date from the seventeenth century on the island of Honshu. At one time, Akita ownership was restricted to Japan’s imperial family and ruling aristocracy. It is one of seven Japanese breeds designated as a Natural Monument in its native land. The breed came to America’s attention in 1937 when Helen Keller received an Akita puppy as a gift while visiting Japan, and the breed’s popularity increased in the United States following World War II, possibly as a result of the dogs’ returning home with US troops.

This is a powerful, imposing, working dog with heavy bone; slightly rectangular proportions; a wide, deep chest; and a level back. The long, bushy tail is set high and curled over the back. The head is broad and triangular. The Akita’s small eyes and erect ears create a keen, alert expression.

Year of AKC recognition: 1972

Group: Working

Size: Males—26–28 inches, 100–130 pounds*; females—24–26 inches, 70–100 pounds*

Coat: Double coat with a harsh outer coat and a dense undercoat

Color: All colors, including brindle and pinto (white with colored patches on the head and body)

Life expectancy: 10–13 years

Activity level: Moderate. Akitas need daily exercise, but use caution in hot weather. They should be exercised on leash or in a secured area, as their hunting instincts cause them to roam.

Grooming: Akitas are noted for their fastidious habits and will groom themselves like cats. They should be brushed daily during heavy shedding in spring and fall; brush weekly at other times.

Temperament: The Akita possesses the courage, perseverance, and fortitude to hunt large, dangerous quarry such as boar and bear. The breed is equally skilled at hunting small prey and retrieving waterfowl, and it has been used in its native Japan to drive fish into nets. Akitas are typically loyal and devoted to their families but reserved and dignified with strangers. They are strong willed and protective, with good guardian instincts. Puppy socialization is essential to ensure that they are tolerant of strangers. Akita temperament varies from calm to dominant, and care should be taken when introducing them to children and other pets.

Parent club: Akita Club of America (www.akitaclub.org); founded in 1956

Buyers’ advice from Parent club: Akita ownership is a responsibility that should not be taken lightly. Be prepared to invest time and effort into training and socializing your dog.

Regional clubs: Click on “Regional Akita Clubs” under “Members” on the club’s website.

Rescue: The Akita Club of America lists rescue information on its website under “Akita Rescue.”

*weight ranges approximate/not specified in AKC standard

Alaskan Malamute

The Alaskan Malamute is one of the world’s oldest breeds and one of the first developed in North America. Inuit tribes of western Alaska relied on these powerful dogs to hunt and carry freight through the region’s deep snow. The breed came to worldwide attention in the nineteenth century during the Alaskan gold rush. During these years, Malamutes were crossbred to a variety of other breeds to increase their size and to fill the endless demand for big, powerful sled dogs. The purebred Malamute had nearly disappeared when sled-dog racing emerged as a popular amateur sport, attracting a new generation of fanciers to the breed. In 1926, breeders began developing purebred strains from native Alaskan stock.

This is a large, powerful Nordic breed, noted for its heavy bone, its great substance, and the impressively plumed tail that is carried over the back. The breed’s double coat is thick and protective, standing slightly off the body. The head is large, broad, and triangular. The small, deep-set, triangular eyes and small, erect ears create an alert expression that conveys calmness and great courage.

Year of AKC recognition: 1935

Group: Working

Size: Males—25 inches, 85 pounds; females—23 inches, 75 pounds

Coat: A harsh, dense, double coat

Color: All white or predominantly white with markings in shades of gray, silver, red, black, sable (black or gray with red in undercoat), or Alaskan seal (black with cream undercoat)

Life expectancy: 10–14 years

Activity level: High. Malamutes should be exercised on lead or in a securely fenced area.

Grooming: The breed needs daily brushing during heavy seasonal shedding in the spring and fall and twice-weekly brushing at other times.

Temperament: This is the largest of the Arctic breeds, noted for its strength and endurance. Malamutes are quite affectionate and devoted to their families, but owners should not overlook the fact that these are powerful dogs with independent natures. Early training and socialization are essential to ensure that a Malamute is a well-behaved pet. Originally bred as sled dogs, Malamutes today need jobs to do, and many activities will fit the bill, such as hiking, backpacking, swimming, and participating in organized dog sports. Without an outlet for its mental and physical energy, a Malamute will resort to habits like digging and chewing to alleviate boredom.

Parent club: Alaskan Malamute Club of America (www.alaskanmalamute.org); founded in 1935

Buyers’ advice from Parent club: Avoid impulse buying. Find a reputable breeder who will advise you whether your lifestyle can comfortably accommodate a high-energy dog that sheds extensively and requires a great deal of personal attention.

Rescue: Alaskan Malamute Assistance League (www.malamuterescue.org)

American English Coonhound

The American English Coonhound was developed from the English Foxhound and shares its ancestry with other treeing coonhound breeds. It is known variously as the American English Fox and Coonhound, English Coonhound, Redtick Coonhound, or Virginia Hound. The breed was traditionally used for a wide range of game, including fox, raccoon, possum, deer, boar, bobcat, and bear. It is used today for hunting and competitive coonhound sports.

This is an athletic, sturdy, muscular, and confident hound. Its neck is of moderate length; its chest is deep; and its broad, muscular back slopes slightly from shoulder to hips. The feet are round with well-arched toes and thick pads. The tail is moderately long, set high, and carried high. The breed has a broad, slightly domed head; a square muzzle; and low-hung, fine-textured ears that reach almost to the tip of the black nose when pulled forward. Dark brown, wide-set eyes give American English Coonhound a gentle houndy expression.

Year of AKC recognition: 2011

Group: Hound

Size: Males—24–26 inches; females—23–25 inches; 45–65 pounds*

Coat: Hard, protective, medium length

Color: Red and white ticked, blue and white ticked, tricolor with ticking, red and white, white and black

Life expectancy: 11–12 years

Activity level: High. The breed is renowned for its strength, speed, and endurance, and must have daily vigorous exercise such as hunting, running, swimming, or interactive play. American English Coonhounds can become hyperactive or destructive without sufficient exercise. They must be exercised on lead or in a secure area, as they will chase and roam and may not heed commands to come back.

Grooming: Weekly brushing is recommended.

Temperament: The breed has a typical easygoing and sociable hound nature. Friendly and pleasant, American English Coonhounds are instinctively focused on hunting, and training requires persistence and patience. They are versatile and can be wonderful house dogs as long as owners provide plenty of exercise and firm, fair, consistent training. They are protective and make good watchdogs. American English Coonhounds are famed for their voices but may bark and howl excessively if confined or neglected. They are tough, stoic, and good at masking illness and injury, so owners must be watchful. They get along well with people and other dogs but are not recommended for homes with small pets.

Parent club: American English Coonhound Association ([email protected])

Buyers’ advice: Purchase your puppy from a reputable breeder. Contact the parent club for referrals to breeders in your area; visit www.akc.org for club information.

*weight range approximate/not specified in AKC standard

American Eskimo Dog

The American Eskimo Dog was developed from strains of various European Spitz breeds. These forebears included all-purpose farm dogs, family companions, and performing dogs. Thanks to this heritage, the American Eskimo is a supremely versatile breed. Spitz breeds were brought to America by European immigrants in the nineteenth century and soon became popular as pets, watchdogs, and farm dogs. Small Spitz dogs were widely used as circus performers in the 1930s, which also broadened their public appeal. Breeders began the process of AKC recognition for the breed in 1985 and achieved that goal a decade later. It was accepted by the Canadian Kennel Club in 2006.

This is a small to medium-sized Nordic breed that is sturdy, compactly built, and covered by a voluminous double coat with a long, plumed tail carried loosely over the back. The white coat is contrasted with the breed’s deep black eyes, nose, and lips. The head is wedge shaped with a broad muzzle, and the ears are erect and triangular.

Year of AKC recognition: 1995

Group: Non-Sporting

Size: This breed has three sizes: Toy—9–12 inches, 6–10 pounds; Miniature—12–15 inches, 10–20 pounds; Standard—15–19 inches, 25–35 pounds

Coat: The breed has a dense, harsh, standoff double coat with a noticeable ruff, feathering on the backs of the legs, and long hair on the tail.

Color: Solid white; biscuit cream (off-white) shading is permitted in conformation showing.

Life expectancy: 13–15 years

Activity level: Moderate. Eskies should be exercised in an enclosed area such as a fenced yard.

Grooming: The Eskie’s voluminous coat must be brushed daily during heavy seasonal shedding in spring and fall. Twice-weekly brushing at other times will prevent mats and control shedding.

Temperament: Eskies are noted for their happy, playful demeanor. The breed was developed from a combination of working and companion dogs, resulting in dogs that are energetic, eager to please, and versatile. They crave companionship and attention, and they can be ideal pets for those who are prepared to devote time and attention to socialization, training, and regular activity. Without training, interaction with its owners, and a structured routine, the naturally alert and protective Eskie can develop behavior problems.

Parent club: American Eskimo Dog Club of America (www.aedca.org); founded in 1985

Buyers’ advice from Parent club: Owners should be prepared for an active breed that requires plenty of attention and frequent grooming to control shedding.

Rescue: Click on “Rescue” from the club’s home page.

American Foxhound

English Foxhounds and Staghounds arrived with early settlers in the 1600s to hunt large game from bear to bison. Over time, these large, heavy hounds were modified to better suit American terrain and quarry. George Washington is often cited as the “father” of the breed, as dogs bred at his Mount Vernon kennel in the mid- to late 1700s were instrumental in the creation of the American Foxhound, which is a lighter, racier version of its English cousin.

This is an athletic, muscular hound with a deep chest; long, sturdy, straight legs; and a long, high-set tail that is carried in a slight curve. Its close-fitting coat is hard and protective. The moderately long, houndy head has a straight, square muzzle. The ears are long and set low, and the large, wide-set eyes in brown or hazel convey a gentle expression.

Year of AKC recognition: 1886

Group: Hound

Size: Males—22–25 inches; 65–70 pounds; females—21–24 inches; 60–65 pounds

Coat: Medium length, hard, and close

Color: The breed standard indicates “any color.” Typical colors include tricolor, red and white, tan and white, and lemon and white.

Life expectancy: 11–13 years

Activity level: Moderately high. Owners must be prepared for a hound that loves to run and must provide sufficient exercise in a safe area. Foxhounds should be exercised on lead or in a safely fenced yard, as they will chase small animals and roam in search of interesting scents.

Grooming: Weekly brushing will control moderate shedding.

Temperament: Like other hounds, the American Foxhound is hardwired to search for prey. It instinctively follows, and can become preoccupied with, scents. This is a very sociable breed, equally fond of human and canine companionship. American Foxhounds are an energetic and slow-maturing breed, and owners should be prepared to provide consistent training and supervision. These dogs have a rather independent nature, and training requires patience and perseverance. Ongoing socialization will curb any tendency to be reserved toward strangers.

Parent club: American Foxhound Club (www.americanfoxhoundclub.org)

Buyers’ advice from Parent club: Foxhounds are bred to perform different jobs, and this will be reflected in the characteristic temperament of each particular strain. Hounds raised in a home setting tend to be more easygoing, mild tempered, and likely to get along well with children and other pets. An American Foxhound should be closely supervised with small pets until the owners are confident of the dog’s behavior.

American Hairless Terrier

Developed from the Rat Terrier, the American Hairless Terrier is a natural variation of that feisty feist. The first known member of this naked race occurred in a litter of Rat Terriers in 1972, a puppy named “Josephine,” owned by Willie and Edwin Scott of Louisiana. At the age of nine years old, Josephine finally had two hairless puppies of her own, a male and a female, and just like Adam and Eve in the Book of Genesis, the rest of the story is history.

Small to medium sized with smooth, flat muscles and a complete lack of coat, the American Hairless Terrier possesses a rectangular body, slightly longer than tall, and a head that is broad and slightly domed, tapering toward the muzzle. The neck is clean and moderately long, tapering slightly from shoulders to head. Shoulder blades are well laid back, and the shoulders are muscular. The front legs should equal half the dog’s height, measured from elbow to the ground. The compact feet are slightly oval with two middle toes longer than the rest. The breed’s expression is alert and curious.

Year of AKC recognition: 2016

Group: Terrier

Size: 12-16 inches; 12-16 pounds*

Coat: Completely hairless, though some dogs have eyebrows and whiskers. The skin feels smooth and warm to the touch. The coated variety has a short, smooth, dense coat.

Color: Any color except merle or albino

Life expectancy: 1416 years

Activity level: Moderate. American Hairless Terriers are energetic fun-loving dogs that relish daily walks and playtime. Although the breed still retains strong hunting instincts, it is not suited to such endeavors due to its lack of coat. The AHT enjoys canine sports such as agility, lure coursing, and obedience. Early training and socialization are strongly recommended. Puppies can be more mouthy than some other breeds, so train puppies early not to mouth human skin.

Grooming: With no coat, there’s little to do except trim the nails and clean the ears. Whiskers are not removed. Knit this dog a sweater for the cold months, and buy sunblock for the summer. The coated variety can be groomed with a hound glove or chamois; use a soft bristle brush to remove dead coat during shedding season.

Temperament: Lively, intelligent, and friendly, the breed is a superior companion dog, an ideal choice for dog-loving allergy sufferers. The AHT generally gets along well with children, though young puppies should be supervised with young children who can accidentally hurt such a tiny dog. The breed enjoys the company of other dogs and benefits from early socialization to different situations. The breed adapts well to city or apartment life and is strictly an indoor dog.

Parent club: American Hairless Terrier Club of America (www.ahtca.info); founded in 2009

Buyers’ advice from Parent club: Puppies are born with a “birth coat,” a soft vestigial down, which disappears completely by eight to ten weeks of age. Purchase puppies from a breeder who screens for health issues known in the breed. Visit the AHTCA website for more info.

Rescue: The national rescue coordinator is Caroline J. Wood, founder of Ratbone Rescues (www.ratbonerescues.com)

* weight range approximate/not specified in AKC standard

American Staffordshire Terrier

Bulldog and terrier mixes were bred for pit fighting and bull-baiting in Britain until the country banned baiting sports in 1836. These “bull and terriers” then gained popularity as show dogs and were gradually standardized into several different breeds. The American Staffordshire Terrier descended from a bull and terrier strain bred in Staffordshire, England, where it was called the Staffordshire Bull Terrier. As the breed became established in America, it evolved into a larger, heavier type of dog and was renamed American Staffordshire Terrier, while the Staffordshire Bull Terrier remained a separate breed. The breed’s athletic conformation, intelligence, and versatility made it suitable for a variety of jobs during World War I; in fact, an AmStaff named Stubby became a decorated war hero. Today, the breed excels in a variety of sports, including agility, obedience, and tracking.

This is a well-balanced, athletic dog. The AmStaff’s body is muscular with a deep, broad chest and sturdy legs. The tail is short, low-set, and tapered. The head is broad, with pronounced cheek muscles, a medium-length muzzle, well-defined jaws, and a black nose. The eyes are dark, round, and wide set. The ears are set high on the skull and may be cropped or natural. The coat is hard, glossy, and close fitting.

Year of AKC recognition: 1936

Group: Terrier

Size: Males—18–19 inches, 55–70 pounds; females—17–18 inches, 40–55 pounds

Coat: Short, hard, flat, and glossy

Color: Any color—solid, parti-colored, or patched—but certain colors and combinations are discouraged in competition, namely black and tan, liver, solid white, or more than 80 percent white.

Life expectancy: 12–16 years

Activity level: High. The AmStaff has plenty of endurance and will enjoy activities done with its owners. It should be exercised on leash or in a securely fenced area.

Grooming: Weekly brushing will control moderate shedding.

Temperament: Despite the breed’s formidable ancestry as a fighting dog, the AmStaff is famed for its affectionate disposition. AmStaffs are quite sociable and extremely loyal, courageous, and protective toward their families. However, these are strong, athletic dogs that must be introduced to basic training at an early age. With proper socialization, most AmStaffs can learn to accept other dogs and household pets.

Parent club: Staffordshire Terrier Club of America (www.amstaff.org); founded in 1936

Buyers’ advice from Parent club: Anti-dog legislation has made it illegal to own this breed in some parts of the country. Check your local ordinances before acquiring an AmStaff. Buy only from a reputable breeder. Research carefully before choosing a puppy, and consider adults and rescue dogs, which can also make fine pets.

American Water Spaniel

The American Water Spaniel was developed in Wisconsin in the mid-1800s from an ancestry of Irish Water Spaniel and Curly-Coated Retriever. Because of its versatility, the breed was widely popular as a working gundog long before it was officially recognized. The American Water Spaniel is the official state dog of Wisconsin and remains popular with sport hunters, particularly in the Great Lakes region. It is one of the rarest breeds, with a population estimated at approximately 3,000 dogs.

This little brown spaniel was bred as a dual-purpose sporting dog to flush and retrieve all types of game. Its compact size makes it ideal for working in close quarters. It is a solidly built dog with rectangular proportions, covered in a crisp water-repellent coat. The tail is tapered with moderate feathering and is carried slightly above or below the back. The ears are long and wide, and the eye color can range from light to dark brown.

Year of AKC recognition: 1940

Group: Sporting

Size: 15–18 inches; males—30–45 pounds; females—25–40 pounds

Coat: A crisp-textured, water-repellent, wavy or curly outer coat with a dense undercoat

Color: Shades of brown ranging from dark chocolate to liver, with or without a small amount of white on the toes and/or chest

Life expectancy: 10–14 years

Activity level: High. American Water Spaniels need a daily outlet for their mental and physical energy.

Grooming: The coat should be brushed weekly to prevent matting and can be trimmed occasionally for a neater appearance. The ears should be cleaned regularly. Detailed grooming information is available on the parent club’s Web site.

Temperament: This is an energetic, friendly, playful spaniel that is generally easygoing and tolerant of other pets. American Water Spaniels are noted to be excellent watchdogs, but they can become overly protective and possessive if these instincts are not guided by training. They are responsive and willing to please, and they respond enthusiastically to positive training methods.

Parent club: American Water Spaniel Club (www.americanwaterspanielclub.org); founded in 1985

Buyers’ advice from Parent club: Choose a puppy from a breeder who screens his or her dogs for health disorders and provides a health guarantee.

Rescue: American Water Spaniel Rescue, Inc. (www.awsrescue.com )

Anatolian Shepherd

The Anatolian Shepherd originated in Turkey around 6,000 years ago. The breed was used by nomadic herders to move and protect livestock, and was selectively bred for strong working drive and hardiness, making it impervious to Asia Minor’s harsh climate. Over the centuries, these dogs developed a consistent appearance, similar in size and color to the flocks they protected. This camouflage gave them an advantage in defending their flocks from predators. The Anatolian Shepherd was introduced to America in the 1950s. These dogs continue to be used as livestock guardians on small hobby farms and large working ranches, where they protect species ranging from llama to ostrich.

This big, sturdy, rugged dog is strictly functional in appearance. Its expression is calm and intelligent, characterized by dark, almond-shaped eyes; dropped ears; and a strong, blocky muzzle. The Anatolian Shepherd has a muscular, athletic appearance; rectangular proportions; long, sturdy legs; and a long tail, held high in a distinctive “wheel carriage” when alert.

Year of AKC recognition: 1996

Group: Working

Size: Males—29 inches, 110–150 pounds; females—27 inches, 80–120 pounds

Coat: There are two coat types: short (minimum of 1 inch long) and rough (around 4 inches long); both types have a thick undercoat. There is slightly longer hair around the neck, and there may be some feathering on the ears, legs, and tail.

Color: All colors are acceptable in conformation showing, but the traditional color is fawn (cream to red) with a black mask. Other colors include white, pinto (irregular patches of secondary color), brindle (fawn or gray marked with darker stripes), and wolf sable (a light gray undercoat with darker steel gray guard hairs that end in black tippings).

Life expectancy: 11–13 years

Activity level: Moderate. Anatolians should be exercised on lead or in a yard with at least 6-foot-tall fencing.

Grooming: Brush daily with a slicker brush during seasonal shedding in the spring and fall. Weekly brushing will control shedding at other times.

Temperament: Bred to work independently as a livestock guardian, Anatolians are dignified, calm, self-possessed house dogs. With their families, they are extremely affectionate and loyal. Anatolian Shepherds have a strong territorial and protective instinct, and they are vigilant, courageous watchdogs. As they are naturally reserved, they require ongoing training and socialization to manage their guardian instincts and ensure that they are tolerant of strangers.

Parent club: Anatolian Shepherd Dog Club of America (www.asdca.org); founded in 1970

Buyers’ advice from Parent club: Purchase your dog from an experienced breeder who belongs to the national parent club. Make sure that the puppy’s parents are AKC registered and have been health-tested. This breed is recommended for experienced owners with the time and physical resources to train and manage a large, strong dog.

Rescue: Anatolian Shepherd Dog Rescue League, Inc. (www.asdrl.org)

Australian Cattle Dog

After Europeans arrived in Australia, sheep and cattle became the mainstay of the Australian economy. Smithfield Collies imported from Britain proved unsuitable for the job, as they lacked stamina and weather resistance and barked excessively. Smooth merle Collies imported from Scotland in 1840 were crossed with Dingoes to produce a regional breed; these crosses were further crossed with Dalmatians and black and tan Kelpies. The blue became the more popular of the two colors, so the breed was known as the Blue Heeler, a name that is sometimes still used today.

This is a sturdy, compact dog with the stamina to work all day in the harsh conditions of Australia’s vast ranches. The body is rectangular, well-proportioned, and muscular with sturdy, round bone and a deep chest. The long, low-set tail is carried low or level with the back. The hard, weather-resistant coat is colored in red or blue with distinctive markings. The skull is broad with muscular cheeks, a broad foreface, a medium-length muzzle, and a black nose. The eyes are oval in shape, and the erect ears are wide set on the skull, moderately pointed, and very sensitive.

Year of AKC recognition: 1980

Group: Herding

Size: Males—18–20 inches; females—17–19 inches; 35–50 pounds*

Coat: This breed has a short, harsh, weather-resistant double coat. The outer coat is short, hard, and close; the undercoat is dense. Body hair should be around 1–1½ inches long.

Color: Blue, blue mottled, or blue speckled and may have black, blue, or tan markings. Reds are speckled all over and may have darker red markings on the head.

Life expectancy: 12–16 years

Activity level: This is a high-energy working dog that needs plenty of exercise and mental challenges. It excels in many types of dog sports.

Grooming: Weekly brushing and occasional bathing to keep the ACD neat and clean, with more frequent brushing during spring and fall shedding.

Temperament: Extremely alert, vigilant, and courageous, Australian Cattle Dogs were bred to work, and they must have a job to satisfy their need for mental and physical activity. This can range from herding livestock to chasing a Frisbee. They are wonderful family companions as long as owners are committed to training and socialization; otherwise, the breed’s strong instincts can lead to problems such as herding children or other pets, nipping at heels, or barking excessively.

Parent club: Australian Cattle Dog Club of America (www.acdca.org); founded in 1968

Buyers’ advice from Parent club: Join a breed-related email list to learn about training and care before acquiring an ACD. Choose a puppy that has been with his dam and littermates for at least eight weeks, learning bite inhibition. Owners must continue this training to discourage inappropriate nipping and, more importantly, be willing to take the role of benevolent pack leader.

Regional clubs: Click on “Club Information” and then “ACD Regional Clubs.”

Rescue: Australian Cattle Dog Rescue, Inc. (www.acdrescueinc.com)

*weight range approximate/not specified in AKC standard

Australian Shepherd

Contrary to the breed’s name, the Australian Shepherd didn’t originate in Australia. It is generally agreed that it developed in America from dogs brought there by Basque shepherds who came from Australia in the nineteenth century. The breed was formerly known as the Spanish Shepherd, New Mexican Shepherd, or California Shepherd. After World War II, Aussies became a familiar sight at rodeos and horse shows, where their intelligence and trainability earned them widespread admiration. Aussies are still used as working ranch and farm dogs. They also excel at competitive dog sports and have been trained as guide dogs, therapy dogs, search and rescue dogs, and drug-detection dogs.

This is a sturdy, athletic, medium-sized dog with rectangular proportions and a short stub tail. Its triangular, semi-prick ears fold over at the tips, producing an attentive, intelligent expression. The moderate-length neck is strong; the back is level and firm; the chest is deep and broad; and the legs are straight and strong. The eyes are the Aussie’s most remarkable feature, ranging from blue to amber to hazel to all shades of brown.

Year of AKC recognition: 1991

Group: Herding

Size: Males—20–23 inches, 50–65 pounds; females—18–21 inches, 40–55 pounds

Coat: Coats range from short with less undercoat to longer with feathering and a dense undercoat.

Color: Black, blue merle, red merle, and red, with or without white markings

Life expectancy: 12–15 years

Activity level: High. This breed has a strong working drive and requires daily vigorous exercise and mental challenges.

Grooming: Daily brushing with a slicker brush is needed during heavy seasonal shedding in spring and fall. Weekly brushing with a pin brush at other times will keep the coat free of dirt and tangles.

Temperament: Aussies possess the mental drive and physical stamina to work all day, and this energy can be channeled in many directions. They are intelligent, trainable, and versatile, making them excellent candidates for dog sports. Their pronounced herding instincts can get out of hand without proper training and guidance; if neglected, Aussies will become bored and frustrated, which generally leads to bad habits.

Parent club: United States Australian Shepherd Association (www.australianshepherds.org); founded in 1990

Buyers’ advice from Parent club: This is a demanding, high-energy breed that needs time and attention. Owners must be willing to provide outlets for their dogs’ energy through regular activities such as interactive play, jogging, hiking, or organized dog sports. Before buying a puppy, prospective owners should inquire about any incidence of hereditary diseases in the line.

Australian Terrier

The Australian Terrier was the first officially recognized breed developed in Australia; this happenned in 1868. It was created from a combination of breeds imported by settlers in the 1800s: the Yorkshire Terrier, Irish Terrier, Cairn Terrier, Dandie Dinmont, and Black and Tan Terrier. This mixture resulted in small, black-and-tan, rough-coated dogs used to control snakes and rodents and guard homesteads. Their popularity in Tasmania soon spread to the rest of the continent. The breed was exported to Britain in1887 and came to the United States in the 1940s.

This is one of the smallest working terriers. Despite their size, Aussies are athletic, with excellent jumping and climbing skills. They are quite versatile, possessing a combination of terrier confidence and the hardiness to meet the demands of Australia’s Outback. Their rectangular proportions provide the flexibility to jump, climb, and squeeze into holes. In addition to these talents, they possess a charming, mischievous look. The small, wide-set, dark eyes; small, pricked ears; and black nose create a keen, intelligent expression that is topped by a rakish topknot of hair.

Year of AKC recognition: 1960

Group: Terrier

Size: 10–11 inches; 12–18 pounds*

Coat: A harsh, wire outer coat with a softer undercoat

Color: Blue and tan, solid sandy, or solid red

Life expectancy: 11–15 years

Activity level: This high-spirited, high-energy terrier needs daily activity and interaction to keep its busy mind and body occupied. Walks, jogs, and games of fetch are all ideal.

Grooming: Weekly brushing will keep the coat clean and neat. Aussies should not be bathed too frequently, as this can soften the coat. A grooming booklet is available from the national parent club.

Temperament: