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- Herausgeber: tredition
- Kategorie: Gesellschafts- und Liebesromane
- Sprache: Englisch
- Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023
Step into the enchanting world of "Echoes of Carthage," a spellbinding book that revives the ancient glory of Carthage. Journey through time to a city where myths breathe, and history speaks. Discover a melting pot of cultures, where Phoenician heritage blends with African and Mediterranean influences. Uncover the secrets of mystical deities, marvel at the architectural splendor, and relive the epic Punic Wars. This book is not just a historical account; it's a voyage to a civilization that shaped our world. Ideal for history enthusiasts and culture seekers, "Echoes of Carthage" promises to captivate your imagination and leave you awestruck with its rich, vivid storytelling.
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Leila Schwab-Mansour
Echoes of Carthage
Legends and Myths of a Lost Civilization
Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Foreword
The Divine Foundation of Carthage
Dido and the divine commission to found a new city
The "strip of land" and its mystical meaning
The first sacrifices and signs of the gods
The Gods of Carthage
Baal-Hammon: The God of Heaven and his heavenly messages
Tanit: Goddess of the moon and fertility
Melqart: God of seafaring and adventure
Eshmoun: God of healing and transformation
Mythical Heroes and Their Deeds
Hanno the Navigator and his journey into the unknown
Mago and the search for the Golden Fleece
Sophonisba: The priestess and her sacrifices for victory
Rituals and Ceremonies
The whey ritual: a sacrifice to the gods
The celebration of the new moon and Tanit's role in it
The annual festivals in honor of Baal-Hammon
Prophecies and Divinations
The oracles of Carthage and their predictions
The role of priests and priestesses in interpreting the signs
The prophecy of destruction and the new beginning
The City and the Ocean
The curse of Melqart and the lost fleet
The legend of the Invincible Island
The legend of the rebirth of Carthage
The Legacy of Myths
Copyright
Echoes of Carthage
Cover
Title Page
Foreword
Foreword
The Legacy of Myths
Copyright
Echoes of Carthage
Cover
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Foreword
Carthage was one of the most powerful cities of its time, and it was located in the depths of the ancient world, at the intersection of a number of different civilizations and their respective cultures. Its location on the coast of North Africa made it a melting pot of different influences, which were reflected in the society, religion, and mysticism of the region. Not only was the city a hub for commerce, but it was also a place where the human and the divine came together in a way that was both fascinating and fascinating.
Carthage's society was extremely advanced and, in many respects, ahead of its time before it was founded. It was distinguished by a combination of Phoenician customs and the influences of the African and Mediterranean cultures that were located in the surrounding neighborhoods. Both commerce and maritime transportation were essential to the city's survival, and the people who lived there were renowned for their expertise in both of these areas. In spite of its hierarchical nature, the social structure was adaptable, with a strong emphasis placed on the family and the clan. A high value was placed on education, and the city was a hub for both the arts and the dissemination of knowledge.
Religion in Carthage was as varied as the city's population during that time period. The most important deity was Baal-Hammon, who was revered as the god of the sky and the one who created everything. It was Tanit, the goddess of the moon, who stood by his side. Tanit was also revered as the patron saint of the city. The landscape of the city was characterized by temples and sanctuaries, and ceremonial practices and celebrations were an essential component of daily life. Not only were the gods worshipped in their respective temples, but they were also worshipped in nature, where the elements were considered to be divine forces.
There was a particular significance that the sea and the sky held in the mysticism of the Carthaginians. The sea was revered and feared because it was considered to be the origin of life and abundance. It was also considered to be an endless mystery. The heavens, on the other hand, were considered to be the sanctuary of the gods, a location that evoked feelings of both awe and fear. We paid close attention to the phases of the moon and the constellations, and we interpreted the movements of the moon and constellations as signs from the gods.
In this intricate and multi-faceted world, the people of Carthage discovered meaning and direction that was shaped by their society, their religion, and their profound connection to the elements of nature. They discovered that they lived in a world that was influenced by both visible and invisible forces, and they were always looking for ways to comprehend and control these forces. Carthage, as a result, evolved into something more than merely a physical city; it became a symbol of man's unceasing search for understanding and harmony in a world that was generally chaotic.
The society of Carthage was a fascinating example of how tradition and innovation were intertwined with one another. Despite the fact that the city may have originated from Phoenician settlements, it rapidly evolved into a hub where people of various cultures and ideas could interact with one another. An elite group consisting of merchants and nobles occupied the highest position in the social hierarchy, which was clearly defined. Nevertheless, in spite of this structure, there was room for social mobility, particularly through the trade and seafaring professions, which were considered to be on equal footing. In Carthage, women held a remarkable position, particularly in the realm of religious life, where they served as priestesses and oracles.
Carthage was a cosmopolitan city, and the city's religious practices reflected that cosmopolitan nature. Even though Baal-Hammon and Tanit were the most important deities, there were also a number of smaller deities and cults that represented various aspects of life and the natural world within the religion. Not only was the worship of these deities a spiritual practice, but it was also a social practice. The community was strengthened through the social events that took place at religious festivals, which served as gathering places in temples. People believed that the gods were living, breathing forces that were present in everyday life and had a hand in everything from agriculture to politics.
When it came to the Carthaginians, the sea and the sky were not only elements of the physical world, but they were also symbolic landscapes that were loaded with meaning and fantasy. Despite the fact that it was a source of prosperity, the sea that surrounded the city was also a source of mystery. The realm of Melqart, the god of seafaring and adventure, was thought to lay within its boundaries. While the Carthaginians believed that the depths of the sea were full of treasures, they also believed that they were full of dangers. They regarded their sailors as heroes because they ventured into these waters that were unknown to them. On the other hand, the heavens were considered to be the domain of Baal-Hammon, and the motions of the planets and stars were interpreted as sacred communications from the divine. The occurrence of astronomical phenomena, such as solar and lunar eclipses, was regarded as a sign of great significance and frequently resulted in the performance of unique rituals and prayers.
It was in this multi-layered world that life in Carthage took place, where the material and the spiritual were inextricably intertwined with one another. People looked for patterns and meanings in the complexity of their surroundings, and they discovered answers to the fundamental questions of existence in the myths and religions that they practiced. Carthage became a living example of the way in which man interprets and shapes his environment, as well as the way in which he is in constant dialogue with the forces that shape his world.
Carthage, a bustling metropolis in ancient times, had a society that was a complex structure consisting of various classes and professional groups. Despite the fact that the upper class was comprised of merchants and nobles who lived in magnificent villas, there was also a large middle class that included craftsmen, farmers, and sailors. Because of this diversity, a rich cultural landscape was created, which allowed for the flourishing of music, art, and literature. Education was a valuable asset, and there were a great number of schools and libraries in the area. It was the progressive laws of the city that placed a significant emphasis on justice and fairness, which contributed to the city's increased social cohesion.
The landscape of Carthage's religious landscape was each and every bit as colorful and diverse. In addition to the primary deities Baal-Hammon and Tanit, there was a plethora of local deities and patron saints, each of whom was responsible for a particular aspect of life. The worship of these deities was deeply ingrained in the manner in which people lived their lives. For instance, there were specific ceremonies that were performed for planting and harvesting crops, the birth of a child, and the beginning of a journey at sea. People from all walks of life congregated in the temples, which served not only as places of worship but also as hubs for social and cultural activities to take place.
The Carthaginians had a unique perspective on the world, and they revered both the sea and the sky. In the eyes of the Carthaginians, the sea, which was an infinite expanse, was not only a source of wealth but also a place that was replete with mysteries and legends. This was the domain of the sea gods, who were revered and feared by the people who lived there. Before setting sail, sailors would offer sacrifices in order to earn the favor of the gods. They also believed that it was a sacred duty to investigate the mysteries that the sea had to offer. It was the domain of the gods of the heavens that the sky, that limitless dome that encompassed the entire planet, was. It was believed that the movements of the celestial bodies, particularly the sun and the moon, were signs and messages from the gods they were supposed to represent. The interpretation of these signs and the understanding of their significance for human life was a collaborative effort between astronomers and priests.
People in this society, which is both dynamic and multifaceted, looked for ways to recognize the divine in the mundane through their daily activities. They were able to discover meaning and a sense of direction in a world that was influenced by both visible and invisible forces. They developed a consistent worldview by means of their rituals, myths, and beliefs, which enabled them to successfully navigate the challenges that life presented to them. Because of this, Carthage became a living example of the capacity of humans to discover meaning in the midst of the multifaceted nature of the world.
Carthage, a bustling city that stretched along the coast of North Africa, was home to a diverse population that reflected a kaleidoscope of different cultures and ethnicities. This openness was reflected in the city's social structure, which became an important hub for trade and communication during the city's historical period. There was a diverse middle class and working class that formed the backbone of the city, though the elite consisted of merchants and aristocrats who lived in luxurious estates. The working class and middle class were the working class. It was because of this social diversity that a thriving cultural scene emerged, one that saw the development of music, art, and philosophy. There was a strong emphasis placed on education and scholarship, and the city was home to a number of libraries and schools that functioned as educational hubs.
Equally complicated and varied was the landscape of the religious landscape. In addition to the primary deities, such as Baal-Hammon and Tanit, there were a great number of local and regional deities, each of which represented a particular facet of life and the natural world. Not only were temples and sanctuaries places of worship, but they were also social centers where people from all walks of life gathered together. Festivals and rituals of various religious traditions were significant social events that served to strengthen the community and provide individuals with a sense of belonging and identity.
In the Carthaginian worldview, both the sea and the sky were imbued with a unique and perhaps even mystical significance. The sea, which was an infinite expanse, was a wellspring of life and a repository of mysteries. The realm of Melqart, the god of seafaring and adventure, was thought to lay within its boundaries. The heavenly gods believed that the sky, which was an infinite dome that encompassed the entire earth, was their domain. Astronomers and priests collaborated closely in order to investigate the motions of the constellations in the heavens and to decipher the significance of these movements for human existence.
Within the context of this multifaceted and intricate society, the people of Carthage discovered ways to acknowledge the presence of the divine in the mundane. They lived in a world that was always being influenced by both visible and invisible forces, and they were always looking for new ways to comprehend and make use of these forces. They developed a consistent worldview by means of their rituals, myths, and beliefs, which enabled them to successfully navigate the challenges that life presented to them. Carthage became a living example of the human capacity to find meaning and significance in the midst of the complexity of the world as a result of this.
The divine foundation of Carthage
Dido and the divine commission to found a new city
It was during this time that Dido, the Queen of Tyre, lived, when gods and humans were still in close contact with one another. It was fate that had dealt her a cruel hand, despite the fact that she was a woman of remarkable intelligence and unchangeable will. After the death of her husband Sychaeus, who was killed by her own brother, she discovered that she was living in a world that was dominated by men and the power games they played. However, Dido was not the type of person who easily gave in.
Once upon a time, she had a dream in which the goddess Athena appeared to her. The goddess addressed her while she was clad in gleaming armor and emanating an aura that could cut through the darkness: "Dido, your course of events has not yet been determined. You are tasked with establishing a brand-new city, a location that will serve as a shining example of civilization and advancement. I am going to give you directions."
Dido was filled with a newfound determination when she finally opened her eyes. It was already clear to her that this was not a typical dream; rather, it was a divine mission. She embarked on a journey to fulfill her destiny by traversing the Mediterranean Sea, accompanied by a small group of devoted followers and the blessing of the goddess.
The journey was fraught with peril; the sea was raging with storms, and there were multiple occasions when it appeared as though her ship would eventually capsize in the raging ocean. However, whenever there was a possibility that hope would be lost, Dido experienced the presence of the goddess's invisible hand guiding and protecting her.
It was finally time for them to arrive at the shores of an uncharted land. Athena had shown Dido this location, and she was aware that it was right here. She experienced it in every nook and cranny of her being. It was here that she would establish the new city, which would not only serve as a safe haven for her, but also for all those individuals who were looking for freedom and knowledge.
