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Illustrated version of "Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions" by Edwin Abbott Abbott. This masterpiece of science (and mathematical) fiction is a delightfully unique and highly entertaining satire that has charmed readers for more than 100 years. The work of English clergyman, educator and Shakespearean scholar Edwin A. Abbott (1838-1926), it describes the journeys of A. Square, a mathematician and resident of the two-dimensional Flatland, where women-thin, straight lines-are the lowliest of shapes, and where men may have any number of sides, depending on their social status. Through strange occurrences that bring him into contact with a host of geometric forms, Square has adventures in Spaceland (three dimensions), Lineland (one dimension) and Pointland (no dimensions) and ultimately entertains thoughts of visiting a land of four dimensions—a revolutionary idea for which he is returned to his two-dimensional world. Charmingly illustrated by the author, Flatland is not only fascinating reading, it is still a first-rate fictional introduction to the concept of the multiple dimensions of space.
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Section
1.
Of the Nature of Flatland
2.
Of the Climate and Houses in Flatland
3.
Concerning the Inhabitants of Flatland
4.
Concerning the Women
5.
Of our Methods of Recognizing one another
6.
Of Recognition by Sight
7.
Concerning Irregular Figures
8.
Of the Ancient Practice of Painting
9.
Of the Universal Colour Bill
10.
Of the Suppression of the Chromatic Sedition
11.
Concerning our Priests
12.
Of the Doctrine of our Priests
13.
How I had a Vision of Lineland
14.
How I vainly tried to explain the nature of Flatland
15.
Concerning a Stranger from Spaceland
16.
How the Stranger vainly endeavoured to reveal to me in words the mysteries of Spaceland
17.
How the Sphere, having in vain tried words, resorted to deeds
18.
How I came to Spaceland, and what I saw there
19.
How, though the Sphere shewed me other mysteries of Spaceland, I still desired more; and what came of it
20.
How the Sphere encouraged me in a Vision
21.
How I tried to teach the Theory of Three Dimensions to my Grandson, and with what success
22.
How I then tried to diffuse the Theory of Three Dimensions by other means, and of the result
I call our world Flatland, not because we call it so, but to make its nature clearer to you, my happy readers, who are privileged to live in Space.
Imagine a vast sheet of paper on which straight Lines, Triangles, Squares, Pentagons, Hexagons, and other figures, instead of remaining fixed in their places, move freely about, on or in the surface, but without the power of rising above or sinking below it, very much like shadows—only hard and with luminous edges—and you will then have a pretty correct notion of my country and countrymen. Alas, a few years ago, I should have said "my universe": but now my mind has been opened to higher views of things.
In such a country, you will perceive at once that it is impossible that there should be anything of what you call a "solid" kind; but I dare say you will suppose that we could at least distinguish by sight the Triangles, Squares, and other figures, moving about as I have described them. On the contrary, we could see nothing of the kind, not at least so as to distinguish one figure from another. Nothing was visible, nor could be visible, to us, except Straight Lines; and the necessity of this I will speedily demonstrate.
Place a penny on the middle of one of your tables in Space; and leaning over it, look down upon it. It will appear a circle.
But now, drawing back to the edge of the table, gradually lower your eye (thus bringing yourself more and more into the condition of the inhabitants of Flatland), and you will find the penny becoming more and more oval to your view, and at last when you have placed your eye exactly on the edge of the table (so that you are, as it were, actually a Flatlander) the penny will then have ceased to appear oval at all, and will have become, so far as you can see, a straight line.
The same thing would happen if you were to treat in the same way a Triangle, or Square, or any other figure cut out of pasteboard. As soon as you look at it with your eye on the edge on the table, you will find that it ceases to appear to you a figure, and that it becomes in appearance a straight line. Take for example an equilateral Triangle—who represents with us a Tradesman of the respectable class. Fig. 1 represents the Tradesman as you would see him while you were bending over him from above; figs. 2 and 3 represent the Tradesman, as you would see him if your eye were close to the level, or all but on the level of the table; and if your eye were quite on the level of the table (and that is how we see him in Flatland) you would see nothing but a straight line.