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- Herausgeber: Lebooks Editora
- Kategorie: Poesie und Drama
- Sprache: Englisch
- Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024
Religious in his own way, pagan, satanist, and provocative, Charles-Pierre Baudelaire (1821-1867) is considered the father of French symbolism, a movement critics trace back precisely to his book "Les Fleurs du mal" (The Flowers of Evil), published in 1857. His poems, largely inspired by his passion for the mulatto Jeanne Duval, led to a trial for offending public decency and a fine that was substantial for its time. Six poems were suppressed from the collection, later incorporated into the volume "Les Épaves" (The Scraps) in 1860. Charles Baudelaire was a precursor of the Symbolist movement in France and is regarded as the founder of modern poetry. His masterpiece, "Les Fleurs du mal," will always be remembered as a major reference in the lyrical genre.
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Charles Baudelaires
THE FLOWERS OF EVIL
Original Title:
“Les Fleurs du mal at French”
Contents
INTRODUCTION
THE FLOWERS OF EVIL
BENEDICTION
ECHOES
THE SICK MUSE
THE VENAL MUSE
THE EVIL MONK
THE ENEMY
ILL LUCK
INTERIOR LIFE
MAN AND THE SEA
BEAUTY
THE IDEAL
THE GIANTESS
HYMN TO BEAUTY
EXOTIC PERFUME
LA CHEVELURE
SONNET XXVIII
POSTHUMOUS REMORSE
THE BALCONY
THE POSSESSED ONE
SEMPER EADEM
ALL ENTIRE
SONNET XLIII
THE LIVING TORCH
THE SPIRITUAL DAWN
EVENING HARMONY
OVERCAST SKY
INVITATION TO A JOURNEY
"CAUSERIE"
AUTUMN SONG I
II
SISINA
TO A CREOLEAN LADY
MOESTA ET ERRABUNDA
THE GHOST
AUTUMN SONG
SADNESS OF THE MOON-GODDESS
CATS
OWLS
MUSIC
THE JOYOUS DEFUNCT
THE BROKEN BELL
SPLEEN
OBSESSION
MAGNETIC HORROR
THE LID
BERTHA'S EYES
THE SET OF THE ROMANTIC SUN
MEDITATION
TO A PASSER-BY
ILLUSIONARY LOVE
MISTS AND RAINS
THE WINE OF LOVERS
CONDEMNED WOMEN
THE DEATH OF THE LOVERS
THE DEATH OF THE POOR
INTRODUCTION
Charles Baudelaire
1821-1867
Charles Baudelaire was born on April 9, 1821, in Paris, France. He was the son of a former priest but was orphaned by his father in 1827. Subsequently, the poet's mother, Caroline Dufaÿs (1793-1871), married Jacques Aupick (1789-1857). Thus, the strong attachment to his mother and the conflicts with his military stepfather marked the writer's life.
The poet lived with them in Lyon from 1831 to 1836. Then, he returned to Paris to study at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, from which he was expelled in 1839. Nevertheless, he remained in the city, living for some time in the Quartier Latin, a famous neighborhood of Paris, and accumulated many debts.
He received his father's inheritance when he turned 21. However, he was a spendthrift. Therefore, his mother and stepfather hired the lawyer Narcisse Désiré Ancelle (1801-1888) to manage the writer's money and prevent him from falling into poverty.
Reluctantly, Baudelaire began to receive a fixed monthly allowance, enough to survive. However, he did not know how to live only on the necessary amount, so he again accrued many debts. While dealing with his financial and family problems, the poet dedicated himself to literature.
In 1845, the author attempted suicide, without success. Three years later, he took part in the Revolution of 1848. He had two great loves: the Haitian actress Jeanne Duval (1820-1862), whom he met in the 1840s, and the actress Marie Daubrun, with whom he began an affair while still involved with the first.
His relationship with the Haitian actress ended in 1856. The following year, Baudelaire published his most famous work — The Flowers of Evil. The book was immediately censored, and its author prosecuted. After a trial, he was forced to remove six poems from the work, which was then sold again and became a landmark for European Symbolism.
Always in debt, the writer settled in Brussels, Belgium's capital, in 1864. In this city, he gave some lectures, but his financial situation remained quite precarious. When he had a stroke in 1866, he returned to Paris, where he died on August 31, 1867.
About the work
Considered a landmark of modern poetry, "The Flowers of Evil" exemplarily gathers a series of motifs from Baudelaire's work: the fall, the expulsion from paradise, love, death, time, exile, and boredom.
The work The Flowers of Evil was created by Charles Baudelaire with rigorously metered and rhymed verses, prefiguring Parnassianism. Baudelaire addressed themes ranging from the sublime to the scabrous, lyrically challenging the moral conventions that permeated French society in the mid-19th century.
Published in 1857, the book generated great controversy due to its frank language and themes considered immoral, resulting in the censorship and exclusion of six poems from the original work by legal decision. This process was only annulled in 1949. Baudelaire's poetry reflects an intense internal struggle, portraying the maladies of the human spirit and the wrenching contradictions of his existence. Alternating prayers to God and the devil, Baudelaire transformed his life into a prodigious confusion between sublime love and degradation, dissipation, and intellectual work.
In addition to its provocative themes, the work is notable for its stylistic form. The poems in The Flowers of Evil are known for their formal precision and the pursuit of an idealized beauty, characteristics that profoundly influenced subsequent literary movements, such as Symbolism.
Baudelaire explored the duality of good and evil, beauty and ugliness, ecstasy and suffering, revealing a deep introspection about the human condition. His innovative style and the depth of his psychological analysis solidified his position as one of the most influential poets in Western literature.
Not even his wrenching contradictions and intimate dramas, aggravated by the syphilis that corroded him and eventually led to his death in 1867, at the age of 46, prevented him from being consistent in his work in his own way. The Flowers of Evil remains one of the greatest expressions of Romanticism and modernity in literature, reflecting a profound meditation on the decay and beauty of the world and the human soul.
THE FLOWERS OF EVIL
BENEDICTION
When by the changeless Power of a Supreme Decree
The poet issues forth upon this sorry sphere,
His mother, horrified, and full of blasphemy,
Uplifts her voice to God, who takes compassion on her.
