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- Herausgeber: Strelbytskyy Multimedia Publishing
- Kategorie: Religion und Spiritualität
- Sprache: Englisch
- Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018
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THE IMITATION OF CHRIST
Thomas à Kempis
SKYROS PUBLISHING
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Copyright © 2015 by Thomas à Kempis
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
The Imitation of Christ
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
THE FIRST BOOK: ADMONITIONS PROFITABLE FOR THE SPIRITUAL LIFE
CHAPTER I:Of the imitation of Christ, and of contempt of the world and all its vanities
CHAPTER II:Of thinking humbly of oneself
CHAPTER III:Of the knowledge of truth
CHAPTER IV:Of prudence in action
CHAPTER V:Of the reading of Holy Scriptures
CHAPTER VI:Of inordinate affections
CHAPTER VII:Of fleeing from vain hope and pride
CHAPTER VIII:Of the danger of too much familiarity
CHAPTER IX:Of obedience and subjection
CHAPTER X:Of the danger of superfluity of words
CHAPTER XI:Of seeking peace of mind and of spiritual progress
CHAPTER XII:Of the uses of adversity
CHAPTER XIII:Of resisting temptation
CHAPTER XIV:On avoiding rash judgment
CHAPTER XV:Of works of charity
CHAPTER XVI:Of bearing with the faults of others
CHAPTER XVII:Of a religious life
CHAPTER XVIII:Of the example of the Holy Fathers
CHAPTER XIX:Of the exercises of a religious man
CHAPTER XX:Of the love of solitude and silence
CHAPTER XXI:Of compunction of heart
CHAPTER XXII:On the contemplation of human misery
CHAPTER XXIII:Of meditation upon death
CHAPTER XXIV:Of the judgment and punishment of the wicked
CHAPTER XXV:Of the zealous amendment of our whole life
THE SECOND BOOK: ADMONITIONS CONCERNING THE INNER LIFE
CHAPTER I:Of the inward life
CHAPTER II:Of lowly submission
CHAPTER III:Of the good, peaceable man
CHAPTER IV:Of a pure mind and simple intention
CHAPTER V:Of self-esteem
CHAPTER VI:Of the joy of a good conscience
CHAPTER VII:Of loving Jesus above all things
CHAPTER VIII:Of the intimate love of Jesus
CHAPTER IX:Of the lack of all comfort
CHAPTER X:Of gratitude for the Grace of God
CHAPTER XI:Of the fewness of those who love the Cross of Jesus
CHAPTER XII:Of the royal way of the Holy Cross
THE THIRD BOOK: ON INWARD CONSOLATION
CHAPTER I:Of the inward voice of Christ to the faithful soul
CHAPTER IIWhat the truth saith inwardly without noise of words
CHAPTER III:How all the words of God are to be heard with humility, and how many consider them not
CHAPTER IV:How we must walk in truth and humility before God
CHAPTER V:Of the wonderful power of the Divine Love
CHAPTER VI:Of the proving of the true lover
CHAPTER VII:Of hiding our grace under the guard of humility
CHAPTER VIII:Of a low estimation of self in the sight of God
CHAPTER IX:That all things are to be referred to God, as the final end
CHAPTER X:That it is sweet to despise the world and to serve God
CHAPTER XI:That the desires of the heart are to be examined and governed
CHAPTER XII:Of the inward growth of patience, and of the struggle against evil desires
CHAPTER XIII:Of the obedience of one in lowly subjection after the example of Jesus Christ
CHAPTER XIV:Of meditation upon the hidden judgments of God, that we may not be lifted up because of our well-doing
CHAPTER XV:How we must stand and speak, in everything that we desire
CHAPTER XVI:That true solace is to be sought in God alone
CHAPTER XVII:That all care is to be cast upon God
CHAPTER XVIII:That temporal miseries are to be borne patiently after the example of Christ
CHAPTER XIX:Of bearing injuries, and who shall be approved as truly patient
CHAPTER XX:Of confession of our infirmity and of the miseries of this life
CHAPTER XXI:That we must rest in God above all goods and gifts
CHAPTER XXII:Of the recollection of God’s manifold benefits
CHAPTER XXIII:Of four things which bring great peace
CHAPTER XXIV:Of avoiding of curious inquiry into the life of another
CHAPTER XXV:Wherein firm peace of heart and true profit consist
CHAPTER XXVI:Of the exaltation of a free spirit, which humble prayer more deserveth than doth frequent reading
CHAPTER XXVII:That personal love greatly hindereth from the highest good
CHAPTER XXVIII:Against the tongues of detractors
CHAPTER XXIX:How when tribulation cometh we must call upon and bless God
CHAPTER XXX:Of seeking divine help, and the confidence of obtaining grace
CHAPTER XXXI:Of the neglect of every creature, that the Creator may be found
CHAPTER XXXII:Of self-denial and the casting away all selfishness
CHAPTER XXXIII:Of instability of the heart, and of directing the aim towards God
CHAPTER XXXIV:That to him who loveth God is sweet above all things and in all things
CHAPTER XXXV:That there is no security against temptation in this life
CHAPTER XXXVI:Against vain judgments of men
CHAPTER XXXVII:Of pure and entire resignation of self, for the obtaining liberty of heart
CHAPTER XXXVIII:Of a good government in external things, and of having recourse to God in dangers
CHAPTER XXXIX:That man must not be immersed in business
CHAPTER XL:That man hath no good in himself, and nothing whereof to glory
CHAPTER XLI:Of contempt of all temporal honour
CHAPTER XLII:That our peace is not to be placed in men
CHAPTER XLIII:Against vain and worldly knowledge
CHAPTER XLIV:Of not troubling ourselves about outward things
CHAPTER XLV:That we must not believe everyone, and that we are prone to fall in our words
CHAPTER XLVI:Of having confidence in God when evil words are cast at us
CHAPTER XLVII:That all troubles are to be endured for the sake of eternal life
CHAPTER XLVIII:Of the day of eternity and of the straitnesses of this life
CHAPTER XLIX:Of the desire after eternal life, and how great blessings are promised to those who strive
CHAPTER L:How a desolate man ought to commit himself into the hands of God
CHAPTER LI:That we must give ourselves to humble works when we are unequal to those that are lofty
CHAPTER LII:That a man ought not to reckon himself worthy of consolation, but more worthy of chastisement
CHAPTER LIII:That the Grace of God doth not join itself to those who mind earthly things
CHAPTER LIV:Of the diverse motions of Nature and of Grace
CHAPTER LV:Of the corruption of Nature and the efficacy of Divine Grace
CHAPTER LVI:That we ought to deny ourselves, and to imitate Christ by means of the Cross
CHAPTER LVII:That a man must not be too much cast down when he falleth into some faults
CHAPTER LVIII:Of deeper matters, and God’s hidden judgments which are not to be inquired into
CHAPTER LIX:That all hope and trust is to be fixed in God alone
THE FOURTH BOOK: OF THE SACRAMENT OF THE ALTAR
CHAPTER I:With how great reverence Christ must be received
CHAPTER II:That the greatness and charity of God is shown to men in the Sacrament
CHAPTER III:That it is profitable to Communicate often
CHAPTER IV:That many good gifts are bestowed upon those who Communicate devoutly
CHAPTER V:Of the dignity of this Sacrament, and of the office of the priest
CHAPTER VI:An inquiry concerning preparation for Communion
CHAPTER VII:Of the examination of conscience, and purpose of amendment
CHAPTER VIII:Of the oblation of Christ upon the cross, and of resignation of self
CHAPTER IX:That we ought to offer ourselves and all that is ours to God, and to pray for all
CHAPTER X:That Holy Communion is not lightly to be omitted
CHAPTER XI:That the Body and Blood of Christ and the Holy Scriptures are most necessary to a faithful soul
CHAPTER XII:That he who is about to Communicate with Christ ought to prepare himself with great diligence
CHAPTER XIII:That the devout soul ought with the whole heart to yearn after union with Christ in the Sacrament
CHAPTER XIV: Of the fervent desire of certain devout persons to receive the Body and Blood of Christ
CHAPTER XV:That the grace of devotion is acquired by humility and self-denial
CHAPTER XVI:That we ought to lay open our necessities to Christ and to require His Grace
CHAPTER XVII:Of fervent love and vehement desire of receiving Christ
CHAPTER XVIII:That a man should not be a curious searcher of the Sacrament, but a humble imitator of Christ, submitting his sense to holy faith
THE IMITATION OF CHRIST
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
THE TREATISE “OF THE IMITATION of Christ” appears to have been originally written in Latin early in the fifteenth century. Its exact date and its authorship are still a matter of debate. Manuscripts of the Latin version survive in considerable numbers all over Western Europe, and they, with the vast list of translations and of printed editions, testify to its almost unparalleled popularity. One scribe attributes it to St. Bernard of Clairvaux; but the fact that it contains a quotation from St. Francis of Assisi, who was born thirty years after the death of St. Bernard, disposes of this theory. In England there exist many manuscripts of the first three books, called “Musica Ecclesiastica,” frequently ascribed to the English mystic Walter Hilton. But Hilton seems to have died in 1395, and there is no evidence of the existence of the work before 1400. Many manuscripts scattered throughout Europe ascribe the book to Jean le Charlier de Gerson, the great Chancellor of the University of Paris, who was a leading figure in the Church in the earlier part of the fifteenth century. The most probable author, however, especially when the internal evidence is considered, is Thomas Haemmerlein, known also as Thomas a Kempis, from his native town of Kempen, near the Rhine, about forty miles north of Cologne. Haemmerlein, who was born in 1379 or 1380, was a member of the order of the Brothers of Common Life, and spent the last seventy years of his life at Mount St. Agnes, a monastery of Augustinian canons in the diocese of Utrecht. Here he died on July 26, 1471, after an uneventful life spent in copying manuscripts, reading, and composing, and in the peaceful routine of monastic piety.
With the exception of the Bible, no Christian writing has had so wide a vogue or so sustained a popularity as this. And yet, in one sense, it is hardly an original work at all. Its structure it owes largely to the writings of the medieval mystics, and its ideas and phrases are a mosaic from the Bible and the Fathers of the early Church. But these elements are interwoven with such delicate skill and a religious feeling at once so ardent and so sound, that it promises to remain, what it has been for five hundred years, the supreme call and guide to spiritual aspiration.
THE IMITATION OF CHRIST
THE FIRST BOOK: ADMONITIONS PROFITABLE FOR THE SPIRITUAL LIFE
CHAPTER I:OF THE IMITATION OF CHRIST, AND OF CONTEMPT OF THE WORLD AND ALL ITS VANITIES
HE THAT FOLLOWETH ME SHALL not walk in darkness,(1) saith the Lord. These are the words of Christ; and they teach us how far we must imitate His life and character, if we seek true illumination, and deliverance from all blindness of heart. Let it be our most earnest study, therefore, to dwell upon the life of Jesus Christ.
2. His teaching surpasseth all teaching of holy men, and such as have His Spirit find therein the hidden manna.(2) But there are many who, though they frequently hear the Gospel, yet feel but little longing after it, because they have not the mind of Christ. He, therefore, that will fully and with true wisdom understand the words of Christ, let him strive to conform his whole life to that mind of Christ.
3. What doth it profit thee to enter into deep discussion concerning the Holy Trinity, if thou lack humility, and be thus displeasing to the Trinity? For verily it is not deep words that make a man holy and upright; it is a good life which maketh a man dear to God. I had rather feel contrition than be skilful in the definition thereof. If thou knewest the whole Bible, and the sayings of all the philosophers, what should all this profit thee without the love and grace of God? Vanity of vanities, all is vanity, save to love God, and Him only to serve. That is the highest wisdom, to cast the world behind us, and to reach forward to the heavenly kingdom.
4. It is vanity then to seek after, and to trust in, the riches that shall perish. It is vanity, too, to covet honours, and to lift up ourselves on high. It is vanity to follow the desires of the flesh and be led by them, for this shall bring misery at the last. It is vanity to desire a long life, and to have little care for a good life. It is vanity to take thought only for the life which now is, and not to look forward to the things which shall be hereafter. It is vanity to love that which quickly passeth away, and not to hasten where eternal joy abideth.
5. Be ofttimes mindful of the saying,(3) The eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear with hearing. Strive, therefore, to turn away thy heart from the love of the things that are seen, and to set it upon the things that are not seen. For they who follow after their own fleshly lusts, defile the conscience, and destroy the grace of God.
(1) John viii. 12. (2) Revelations ii. 17. (3) Ecclesiastes i. 8.
CHAPTER II:OF THINKING HUMBLY OF ONESELF
THERE IS NATURALLY IN EVERY man a desire to know, but what profiteth knowledge without the fear of God? Better of a surety is a lowly peasant who serveth God, than a proud philosopher who watcheth the stars and neglecteth the knowledge of himself. He who knoweth himself well is vile in his own sight; neither regardeth he the praises of men. If I knew all the things that are in the world, and were not in charity, what should it help me before God, who is to judge me according to my deeds?
2. Rest from inordinate desire of knowledge, for therein is found much distraction and deceit. Those who have knowledge desire to appear learned, and to be called wise. Many things there are to know which profiteth little or nothing to the soul. And foolish out of measure is he who attendeth upon other things rather than those which serve to his soul’s health. Many words satisfy not the soul, but a good life refresheth the mind, and a pure conscience giveth great confidence towards God.
3. The greater and more complete thy knowledge, the more severely shalt thou be judged, unless thou hast lived holily. Therefore be not lifted up by any skill or knowledge that thou hast; but rather fear concerning the knowledge which is given to thee. If it seemeth to thee that thou knowest many things, and understandest them well, know also that there are many more things which thou knowest not. Be not high-minded, but rather confess thine ignorance. Why desirest thou to lift thyself above another, when there are found many more learned and more skilled in the Scripture than thou? If thou wilt know and learn anything with profit, love to be thyself unknown and to be counted for nothing.
4. That is the highest and most profitable lesson, when a man truly knoweth and judgeth lowly of himself. To account nothing of one’s self, and to think always kindly and highly of others, this is great and perfect wisdom. Even shouldest thou see thy neighbor sin openly or grievously, yet thou oughtest not to reckon thyself better than he, for thou knowest not how long thou shalt keep thine integrity. All of us are weak and frail; hold thou no man more frail than thyself.
CHAPTER III:OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF TRUTH
HAPPY IS THE MAN WHOM Truth by itself doth teach, not by figures and transient words, but as it is in itself.(1) Our own judgment and feelings often deceive us, and we discern but little of the truth. What doth it profit to argue about hidden and dark things, concerning which we shall not be even reproved in the judgment, because we knew them not? Oh, grievous folly, to neglect the things which are profitable and necessary, and to give our minds to things which are curious and hurtful! Having eyes, we see not.
2. And what have we to do with talk about genus and species! He to whom the Eternal Word speaketh is free from multiplied questionings. From this One Word are all things, and all things speak of Him; and this is the Beginning which also speaketh unto us.(2) No man without Him understandeth or rightly judgeth. The man to whom all things are one, who bringeth all things to one, who seeth all things in one, he is able to remain steadfast of spirit, and at rest in God. O God, who art the Truth, make me one with Thee in everlasting love. It wearieth me oftentimes to read and listen to many things; in Thee is all that I wish for and desire. Let all the doctors hold their peace; let all creation keep silence before Thee: speak Thou alone to me.
3. The more a man hath unity and simplicity in himself, the more things and the deeper things he understandeth; and that without labour, because he receiveth the light of understanding from above. The spirit which is pure, sincere, and steadfast, is not distracted though it hath many works to do, because it doth all things to the honour of God, and striveth to be free from all thoughts of self-seeking. Who is so full of hindrance and annoyance to thee as thine own undisciplined heart? A man who is good and devout arrangeth beforehand within his own heart the works which he hath to do abroad; and so is not drawn away by the desires of his evil will, but subjecteth everything to the judgment of right reason. Who hath a harder battle to fight than he who striveth for self-mastery? And this should be our endeavour, even to master self, and thus daily to grow stronger than self, and go on unto perfection.
4. All perfection hath some imperfection joined to it in this life, and all our power of sight is not without some darkness. A lowly knowledge of thyself is a surer way to God than the deep searching of man’s learning. Not that learning is to be blamed, nor the taking account of anything that is good; but a good conscience and a holy life is better than all. And because many seek knowledge rather than good living, therefore they go astray, and bear little or no fruit.
5. O if they would give that diligence to the rooting out of vice and the planting of virtue which they give unto vain questionings: there had not been so many evil doings and stumbling-blocks among the laity, nor such ill living among houses of religion. Of a surety, at the Day of Judgment it will be demanded of us, not what we have read, but what we have done; not how well we have spoken, but how holily we have lived. Tell me, where now are all those masters and teachers, whom thou knewest well, whilst they were yet with you, and flourished in learning? Their stalls are now filled by others, who perhaps never have one thought concerning them. Whilst they lived they seemed to be somewhat, but now no one speaks of them.
6. Oh how quickly passeth the glory of the world away! Would that their life and knowledge had agreed together! For then would they have read and inquired unto good purpose. How many perish through empty learning in this world, who care little for serving God. And because they love to be great more than to be humble, therefore they “have become vain in their imaginations.” He only is truly great, who hath great charity. He is truly great who deemeth himself small, and counteth all height of honour as nothing. He is the truly wise man, who counteth all earthly things as dung that he may win Christ. And he is the truly learned man, who doeth the will of God, and forsaketh his own will.
(1) Psalm xciv. 12; Numbers xii. 8. (2) John viii. 25 (Vulg.).
CHAPTER IV:OF PRUDENCE IN ACTION
WE MUST NOT TRUST EVERY word of others or feeling within ourselves, but cautiously and patiently try the matter, whether it be of God. Unhappily we are so weak that we find it easier to believe and speak evil of others, rather than good. But they that are perfect, do not give ready heed to every news-bearer, for they know man’s weakness that it is prone to evil and unstable in words.
2. This is great wisdom, not to be hasty in action, or stubborn in our own opinions. A part of this wisdom also is not to believe every word we hear, nor to tell others all that we hear, even though we believe it. Take counsel with a man who is wise and of a good conscience; and seek to be instructed by one better than thyself, rather than to follow thine own inventions. A good life maketh a man wise toward God, and giveth him experience in many things. The more humble a man is in himself, and the more obedient towards God, the wiser will he be in all things, and the more shall his soul be at peace.
CHAPTER V:OF THE READING OF HOLY SCRIPTURES
IT IS TRUTH WHICH WE must look for in Holy Writ, not cunning of words. All Scripture ought to be read in the spirit in which it was written. We must rather seek for what is profitable in Scripture, than for what ministereth to subtlety in discourse. Therefore we ought to read books which are devotional and simple, as well as those which are deep and difficult. And let not the weight of the writer be a stumbling-block to thee, whether he be of little or much learning, but let the love of the pure Truth draw thee to read. Ask not, who hath said this or that, but look to what he says.
2. Men pass away, but the truth of the Lord endureth for ever. Without respect of persons God speaketh to us in divers manners. Our own curiosity often hindereth us in the reading of holy writings, when we seek to understand and discuss, where we should pass simply on. If thou wouldst profit by thy reading, read humbly, simply, honestly, and not desiring to win a character for learning. Ask freely, and hear in silence the words of holy men; nor be displeased at the hard sayings of older men than thou, for they are not uttered without cause.
CHAPTER VI:OF INORDINATE AFFECTIONS
WHENSOEVER A MAN DESIRETH AUGHT above measure, immediately he becometh restless. The proud and the avaricious man are never at rest; while the poor and lowly of heart abide in the multitude of peace. The man who is not yet wholly dead to self, is soon tempted, and is overcome in small and trifling matters. It is hard for him who is weak in spirit, and still in part carnal and inclined to the pleasures of sense, to withdraw himself altogether from earthly desires. And therefore, when he withdraweth himself from these, he is often sad, and easily angered too if any oppose his will.
2. But if, on the other hand, he yield to his inclination, immediately he is weighed down by the condemnation of his conscience; for that he hath followed his own desire, and yet in no way attained the peace which he hoped for. For true peace of heart is to be found in resisting passion, not in yielding to it. And therefore there is no peace in the heart of a man who is carnal, nor in him who is given up to the things that are without him, but only in him who is fervent towards God and living the life of the Spirit.
CHAPTER VII:OF FLEEING FROM VAIN HOPE AND PRIDE
VAIN IS THE LIFE OF that man who putteth his trust in men or in any created Thing. Be not ashamed to be the servant of others for the love of Jesus Christ, and to be reckoned poor in this life. Rest not upon thyself, but build thy hope in God. Do what lieth in thy power, and God will help thy good intent. Trust not in thy learning, nor in the cleverness of any that lives, but rather trust in the favour of God, who resisteth the proud and giveth grace to the humble.
2. Boast not thyself in thy riches if thou hast them, nor in thy friends if they be powerful, but in God, who giveth all things, and in addition to all things desireth to give even Himself. Be not lifted up because of thy strength or beauty of body, for with only a slight sickness it will fail and wither away. Be not vain of thy skilfulness or ability, lest thou displease God, from whom cometh every good gift which we have.
3. Count not thyself better than others, lest perchance thou appear worse in the sight of God, who knoweth what is in man. Be not proud of thy good works, for God’s judgments are of another sort than the judgments of man, and what pleaseth man is ofttimes displeasing to Him. If thou hast any good, believe that others have more, and so thou mayest preserve thy humility. It is no harm to thee if thou place thyself below all others; but it is great harm if thou place thyself above even one. Peace is ever with the humble man, but in the heart of the proud there is envy and continual wrath.
CHAPTER VIII:OF THE DANGER OF TOO MUCH FAMILIARITY
OPEN NOT THINE HEART TO every man, but deal with one who is wise and feareth God. Be seldom with the young and with strangers. Be not a flatterer of the rich; nor willingly seek the society of the great. Let thy company be the humble and the simple, the devout and the gentle, and let thy discourse be concerning things which edify. Be not familiar with any woman, but commend all good women alike unto God. Choose for thy companions God and His Angels only, and flee from the notice of men.
2. We must love all men, but not make close companions of all. It sometimes falleth out that one who is unknown to us is highly regarded through good report of him, whose actual person is nevertheless unpleasing to those who behold it. We sometimes think to please others by our intimacy, and forthwith displease them the more by the faultiness of character which they perceive in us.
CHAPTER IX:OF OBEDIENCE AND SUBJECTION
IT IS VERILY A GREAT thing to live in obedience, to be under authority, and not to be at our own disposal. Far safer is it to live in subjection than in a place of authority. Many are in obedience from necessity rather than from love; these take it amiss, and repine for small cause. Nor will they gain freedom of spirit, unless with all their heart they submit themselves for the love of God. Though thou run hither and thither, thou wilt not find peace, save in humble subjection to the authority of him who is set over thee. Fancies about places and change of them have deceived many.
2. True it is that every man willingly followeth his own bent, and is the more inclined to those who agree with him. But if Christ is amongst us, then it is necessary that we sometimes yield up our own opinion for the sake of peace. Who is so wise as to have perfect knowledge of all things? Therefore trust not too much to thine own opinion, but be ready also to hear the opinions of others. Though thine own opinion be good, yet if for the love of God thou foregoest it, and followest that of another, thou shalt the more profit thereby.
3. Ofttimes I have heard that it is safer to hearken and to receive counsel than to give it. It may also come to pass that each opinion may be good; but to refuse to hearken to others when reason or occasion requireth it, is a mark of pride or wilfulness.
CHAPTER X:OF THE DANGER OF SUPERFLUITY OF WORDS
AVOID AS FAR AS THOU canst the tumult of men; for talk concerning worldly things, though it be innocently undertaken, is a hindrance, so quickly are we led captive and defiled by vanity. Many a time I wish that I had held my peace, and had not gone amongst men. But why do we talk and gossip so continually, seeing that we so rarely resume our silence without some hurt done to our conscience? We like talking so much because we hope by our conversations to gain some mutual comfort, and because we seek to refresh our wearied spirits by variety of thoughts. And we very willingly talk and think of those things which we love or desire, or else of those which we most dislike.
2. But alas! it is often to no purpose and in vain. For this outward consolation is no small hindrance to the inner comfort which cometh from God. Therefore must we watch and pray that time pass not idly away. If it be right and desirable for thee to speak, speak things which are to edification. Evil custom and neglect of our real profit tend much to make us heedless of watching over our lips. Nevertheless, devout conversation on spiritual things helpeth not a little to spiritual progress, most of all where those of kindred mind and spirit find their ground of fellowship in God.
CHAPTER XI:OF SEEKING PEACE OF MIND AND OF SPIRITUAL PROGRESS
WE MAY ENJOY ABUNDANCE OF peace if we refrain from busying ourselves with the sayings and doings of others, and things which concern not ourselves. How can he abide long time in peace who occupieth himself with other men’s matters, and with things without himself, and meanwhile payeth little or rare heed to the self within? Blessed are the single-hearted, for they shall have abundance of peace.
2. How came it to pass that many of the Saints were so perfect, so contemplative of Divine things? Because they steadfastly sought to mortify themselves from all worldly desires, and so were enabled to cling with their whole heart to God, and be free and at leisure for the thought of Him. We are too much occupied with our own affections, and too anxious about transitory things. Seldom, too, do we entirely conquer even a single fault, nor are we zealous for daily growth in grace. And so we remain lukewarm and unspiritual.
3. Were we fully watchful of ourselves, and not bound in spirit to outward things, then might we be wise unto salvation, and make progress in Divine contemplation. Our great and grievous stumbling-block is that, not being freed from our affections and desires, we strive not to enter into the perfect way of the Saints. And when even a little trouble befalleth us, too quickly are we cast down, and fly to the world to give us comfort.
4. If we would quit ourselves like men, and strive to stand firm in the battle, then should we see the Lord helping us from Heaven. For He Himself is alway ready to help those who strive and who trust in Him; yea, He provideth for us occasions of striving, to the end that we may win the victory. If we look upon our progress in religion as a progress only in outward observances and forms, our devoutness will soon come to an end. But let us lay the axe to the very root of our life, that, being cleansed from affections, we may possess our souls in peace.
5. If each year should see one fault rooted out from us, we should go quickly on to perfection. But on the contrary, we often feel that we were better and holier in the beginning of our conversion than after many years of profession. Zeal and progress ought to increase day by day; yet now it seemeth a great thing if one is able to retain some portion of his first ardour. If we would put some slight stress on ourselves at the beginning, then afterwards we should be able to do all things with ease and joy.
6. It is a hard thing to break through a habit, and a yet harder thing to go contrary to our own will. Yet if thou overcome not slight and easy obstacles, how shalt thou overcome greater ones? Withstand thy will at the beginning, and unlearn an evil habit, lest it lead thee little by little into worse difficulties. Oh, if thou knewest what peace to thyself thy holy life should bring to thyself, and what joy to others, methinketh thou wouldst be more zealous for spiritual profit.
CHAPTER XII:OF THE USES OF ADVERSITY
IT IS GOOD FOR US that we sometimes have sorrows and adversities, for they often make a man lay to heart that he is only a stranger and sojourner, and may not put his trust in any worldly thing. It is good that we sometimes endure contradictions, and are hardly and unfairly judged, when we do and mean what is good. For these things help us to be humble, and shield us from vain-glory. For then we seek the more earnestly the witness of God, when men speak evil of us falsely, and give us no credit for good.
2. Therefore ought a man to rest wholly upon God, so that he needeth not seek much comfort at the hand of men. When a man who feareth God is afflicted or tried or oppressed with evil thoughts, then he seeth that God is the more necessary unto him, since without God he can do no good thing. Then he is heavy of heart, he groaneth, he crieth out for the very disquietness of his heart. Then he groweth weary of life, and would fain depart and be with Christ. By all this he is taught that in the world there can be no perfect security or fulness of peace.
CHAPTER XIII:OF RESISTING TEMPTATION
SO LONG AS WE LIVE in the world, we cannot be without trouble and trial. Wherefore it is written in Job, The life of man upon the earth is a trial.(1) And therefore ought each of us to give heed concerning trials and temptations, and watch unto prayer, lest the devil find occasion to deceive; for he never sleepeth, but goeth about seeking whom he may devour. No man is so perfect in holiness that he hath never temptations, nor can we ever be wholly free from them.
2. Yet, notwithstanding, temptations turn greatly unto our profit, even though they be great and hard to bear; for through them we are humbled, purified, instructed. All Saints have passed through much tribulation and temptation, and have profited thereby. And they who endured not temptation became reprobate and fell away. There is no position so sacred, no place so secret, that it is without temptations and adversities.
3. There is no man wholly free from temptations so long as he liveth, because we have the root of temptation within ourselves, in that we are born in concupiscence. One temptation or sorrow passeth, and another cometh; and always we shall have somewhat to suffer, for we have fallen from perfect happiness. Many who seek to fly from temptations fall yet more deeply into them. By flight alone we cannot overcome, but by endurance and true humility we are made stronger than all our enemies.
4. He who only resisteth outwardly and pulleth not up by the root, shall profit little; nay, rather temptations will return to him the more quickly, and will be the more terrible. Little by little, through patience and longsuffering, thou shalt conquer by the help of God, rather than by violence and thine own strength of will. In the midst of temptation often seek counsel; and deal not hardly with one who is tempted, but comfort and strengthen him as thou wouldest have done unto thyself.
