Biomedical uses of lithium E-Book

Olosunla Tayelolu

• Herausgeber: GRIN Verlag
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Deutsch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Medizin - Biomedizinische Technik, University Of Abuja, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Biomedical uses of Lithium refer to use of the lithium ion, Li+, as a drug. A number of chemical salts of lithium are used medically as mood-stabilizing drugs, primarily in the treatment of bipolar disorder, where they have a role in the treatment of depression and particularly of mania, both acutely and in the long term. As a mood stabilizer, lithium is probably more effective in preventing mania than depression, and reduces the risk of suicide in bipolar patients.(Baldessarini et al, 2006) In depression alone (unipolar disorder), lithium can be used to augment other antidepressants . Lithium carbonates (Li2CO3), sold under several trade names, is the most commonly prescribed, while lithium citrate (Li3C6H5O7) is also used in conventional pharmacological treatments. Lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) has been presented as an alternative[citation needed]. Lithium orotate is sometimes marketed as a "safe" natural alternative with fewer side effects than conventional lithium, yet caution must be taken with all of the active lithium salts. Upon ingestion, lithium becomes widely distributed in the central nervous system and interacts with a number of neurotransmitters and receptors, decreasing norepinephrine release and increasing serotonin synthesis.

Leseprobe

Impressum:

Copyright (c) 2015 GRIN Verlag / Open Publishing GmbH, alle Inhalte urheberrechtlich geschützt. Kopieren und verbreiten nur mit Genehmigung des Verlags.

Bei GRIN macht sich Ihr Wissen bezahlt! Wir veröffentlichen kostenlos Ihre Haus-, Bachelor- und Masterarbeiten.

Jetzt beiwww.grin.com

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

CONCEPT OF BIOMEDICINE

CHEMISTRY OF LITHIUM

Description of Lithium

Discovery of Lithium

Isotopes of Lithium

Compounds of Lithiun

Properties of Lithium

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF BIOMEDICAL USES OF LITHIUM

MEDICAL USES OF LITHIUM

BIPOLAR DISORDER

Causes of bipolar disorder

People affected by bipolar disorder

The way lithium work on bipolar disorder

Effectiveness of lithium therapy

Admnistration of lithium

The side effects of lithium therapy

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF LITHIUM

Why and when is lithium blood levels tested?

REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

Biomedical uses of Lithiumrefer to use of thelithiumion, Li+, as a drug. A number of chemicalsaltsof lithium are used medically asmood-stabilizingdrugs, primarily in the treatment ofbipolardisorder, where they have a role in the treatment ofdepressionand particularly ofmania, both acutely and in the long term. As a mood stabilizer, lithium is probably more effective in preventing mania than depression, and reduces the risk of suicide in bipolar patients.(Baldessarini et al, 2006) In depression alone (unipolar disorder), lithium can be used to augment other antidepressants .Lithium carbonates(Li2CO3), sold under several trade names, is the most commonly prescribed, whilelithium citrate(Li3C6H5O7) is also used in conventional pharmacological treatments.Lithium sulfate(Li2SO4) has been presented as an alternative[citation needed].Lithium orotateis sometimes marketed as a "safe" natural alternative with fewer side effects than conventional lithium, yet caution must be taken with all of the active lithium salts. Upon ingestion, lithium becomes widely distributed in thecentral nervous systemand interacts with a number ofneurotransmittersandreceptors, decreasingnorepinephrinerelease and increasingserotoninsynthesis.

CONCEPT OF BIOMEDICINE

Biomedicine is a branch of medical science that applies biological and other natural science principles to clinical practice. Biomedicine involves the study of (patho-) physiological processes with methods from biology, chemistry, and physics (Larson, 1998)

CHEMISTRY OF LITHIUM

Lithium is a metallic element that was discovered in 1818. Because it was found in a mineral, it was called ‘lithium’, which is derived from the Greek word lithos, stone. Lithium is identified by the symbol Li on the periodic table at the position number 3 with an atomic mass of 6.94. Lithium is used in a range of industries, typically in the form of alloys and compounds, since it is extremely reactive. Well known lithium applications include the lithium-ion battery and lithium carbonate tablet for treatment of bipolar disorder and mood stabilization(encyclopaedia britanicca,2009)

 Description of Lithium