Brain2Brain E-Book

John B. Arden

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Seitenzahl: 574

Beschreibung

Overcome resistance and fully engage clients by bringing neuroscience into treatment Brain2Brain: Enacting Client Change Through the Persuasive Power of Neuroscience applies the popular topic of neuroscience in mental health to everyday practice, showing therapists how to teach their clients brain-based strategies for making changes and improving their lives. Cutting-edge findings in neuroscience are translated into language that clients will understand, and sidebars provide therapists more detailed information relating to particular disorders. With a holistic approach that incorporates mental, spiritual, and physical skills, knowledge, and exercises, this book provides a clear, complete resource for incorporating neuroscience into therapy. Case examples illustrate how the material can be used with different types of clients and situations, and sample dialogues and client handouts help therapists easily incorporate these techniques into their practice. Many clients forget that there is a biological basis for everything the brain does, and the ways that activity manifests everyday - good or bad, healthy or dysfunctional, the very core of human consciousness boils down to a series of electrical impulses. This book helps therapists bring neuroscience into therapy, to teach clients how to work with their brain's innate processes to reinforce progress and achieve healthier outcomes. * Learn techniques for dealing with client resistance factors * Discover phrases and memory aides that help clients apply what they've learned in therapy * Facilitate higher client motivation to engage in the therapeutic process * Teach clients about the brain's relevance to their particular problem * Find tools for explaining the role of diet, exercise, and sleep in mental health When a client's treatment revolves around eliminating harmful thought patterns or behaviors, the therapeutic process can feel like a battle against their own brain. By bringing neuroscience into the treatment plan, therapists can shift the client's perspective to a more collaborative mindset, focused on the positive aspects of change. Brain2Brain: Enacting Client Change Through the Persuasive Power of Neuroscience provides the guidance therapists need to chart a clearer path to good mental health.

Leseprobe

JOHN B. ARDEN

Brain2Brain

Enacting Client Change Through the Persuasive Power of NEUROSCIENCE

Cover design: Wiley Cover image: © Lightspring | Shutterstock

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Copyright © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Arden, John Boghosian, author.   Brain2Brain : enacting client change through the persuasive power of neuroscience / John Arden.    p. ; cm.   Includes index.   ISBN 978-1-118-75688-1 (pbk) ISBN 978-1-118-75667-6 (pdf) ISBN 978-1-118-75689-8 (epub)   I. Title. II. Title: Brain 2 brain. III. Title: Brain to brain. IV. Title: Brain two brain.   [DNLM: 1. Nervous System Physiological Phenomena. 2. Counseling;methods. 3. Mental Disorders–pathology. 4. Neurosciences–methods. 5. Psychotherapy–methods. WL 102]   RC480.5   616.89′14—dc23

2014031893

CONTENTS

Preface

Letting Go of the 20th Century

Embracing the 21st Century Integrative Approach

BASE

Plan for this Book

Acknowledgments

About the Author

Chapter 1: Applying Neuroscience

Teaching Practical Neuroscience

Chapter 2: Promoting Brain Health

First

S

of Planting SEEDS

First

E

of SEEDS

Education

D

of SEEDS

Second

S

of Planting SEEDS

Chapter 3: Developing Memory Systems

Memory Systems

Chapter 4: Autostress Disorders

Top Down and Bottom Up

Chapter 5: When Anxiety is Generalized

Balancing the Autonomic Nervous System

Chapter 6: Focalized Anxiety

Facing Fear and Avoidance

Phobias

Panic Disorder

Chapter 7: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Phase 1: Stabilization

Phase 2: Memory Integration

Phase 3: Posttraumatic Growth

Chapter 8: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Describing the OCD Circuit

ORDER

Health Obsessions

Chapter 9: Depression

Gender and Depression

Role of Inflammation

Anxiety with Depression

Shifting to Action

Social Lift

Default Mode and Rumination

Orchestrating a Broad Approach

References

Author Index

Subject Index

End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 Two key areas of the prefrontal cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the orbital frontal cortex.

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 The multiple effects of exercise on the brain.

Figure 2.2 The stages of sleep.

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 The two long-term memory systems, the Implicit and Explicit systems.

Preface

Figure 0.1 The areas of research that make up an integrated model for the 21

st

century. These include the neuroscience cluster, the focus on the alliance, the systems of psychological theory (including diagnosis), and evidence-based practices.

Figure 0.2 The BASE mnemonic puzzle representing the brain (neuroscience), the alliance, system of psychological theories, and evidence-based practice.

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

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PREFACE

A sea change is beginning to occur in the mental health system. An international movement to break down the boundaries among the different schools of psychotherapy to find common denominators is occurring. These common denominators are brain based. The new integrative model subsumes the relevant contributions of the past and discards the purely theory driven cul-de-sacs based only on the tight confines of a particular school.

During my last 40 years working as a mental health administrator, training director, and psychologist, I have seen many phases, fads, and theories burst on the scene only to fade away a few years later. Many of these phases and theories conflicted with one another. People seeking help from one therapist may hear a completely different perspective about their problem than they would from another well-meaning therapist from a different theoretical school.

The focus of this book is to provide you, the therapist, with suggestions on how to integrate all the domains of research, including neuroscience, in a down-to-earth manner to help clients understand and deal with depression and anxiety. The techniques that I will describe are supported by a broad body of research and consistent with what we know about how the brain works. Going beyond what has been called evidence-based practices (EBPs), these methods are ones shown by research to be most efficacious for helping people who suffer from various psychological problems. I explain which brain systems are either over- or underactivated when clients are anxious or depressed. The methods I describe to help clients with these problems bring together all areas of psychological research and neuroscience that are relevant to psychotherapy. I offer suggestions on how to help clients learn to activate areas of their brains that have been underactivated and how to quiet down those areas that have been overactivated, so that they can enjoy life without being plagued by anxiety and/or depression. By learning more about the brain, clients understand what they need to do to neutralize excessive anxiety or lift depression.

Consider this book a user manual for the brain. New cars and DVD players come with user manuals. Our brains do not. Clients can learn to use their brains more effectively. Today we know quite a bit about which brain networks are overactivated and which are underactivated with anxiety and depression. Thanks to brain imaging techniques developed in the last 20-30 years, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we can not only identify those neural firing patterns but also see how certain psychotherapeutic techniques can calm down overactivated areas while activating those areas that need to be activated. Essentially, we can teach our clients how to tune up their brains.

This book attempts to normalize psychological disorders and their resolution so that you can explain and make more tangible recommendations to your clients. We must leave behind those countertrends that pathologize normal human reactions to life stressors.

LETTING GO OF THE 20TH CENTURY

To gain an understanding of where we are going, it is important to use a bird's-eye perspective of where we have been. During the 20th century, as psychotherapy became a healthcare profession, the various schools of psychotherapy had little in common. This was because theorists of each school possessed very little understanding of how the brain worked. Some theorists even thought that brain activity was irrelevant. Freud and James did consider the brain important. However, Freud could only hypothesize about what the future might bring, saying “We must recollect that all of our provisional ideas in psychology will presumably one day be based on an organic substructure” (Freud, 1914). The father of American psychology, William James, speculated that “The act of will activates neural circuits” (James, 1890). Because they and others could not base their theories on the operation of the brain, a disparate range of theories emerged, from radical behaviorists to primal scream. We could refer to this era as the Cartesian Era, a brainless period with no common denominator.