Encyclopedia of Place Names in the United States E-Book

Henry Gannett

• Herausgeber: Jazzybee Verlag
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018

Seitenzahl: 610

Beschreibung

Place names in the United States are often taken from the European nation that first colonized the land. Many names that have been transferred from Britain, as is the case with Barnstable, Massachusetts and Danbury, Connecticut. Many others are of French origin, such as Detroit, Michigan, which was established along the banks of the river they called le détroit du lac Érié, meaning the strait of Lake Erie. Many in the former New Netherland colony are of Dutch origin, such as Harlem, Brooklyn and Rhode Island. Many place names are taken from the languages of native peoples. Specific (personal or animal) names and general words or phrases are used, sometimes translated and sometimes not. However complicated the tracing back of the place names was, this encyclopedia lists thousands and thousands of place names in the United States of America and provides valuable information as to the origin and the history of the name. A fantastic reference work for everyone interested in American history.

Leseprobe

Encyclopedia of Place Names in the United States

HENRY GANNETT

JUERGEN BECK

Encyclopedia of Place Names in the US, H. Gannett, J. Beck

Jazzybee Verlag Jürgen Beck

86450 Altenmünster, Loschberg 9

Deutschland

ISBN: 9783849675103

www.jazzybee-verlag.de

[email protected]

Frontcover: Based on an artwork By DrRandomFactor - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21289677

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION.1

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.1

AUTHORITIES.4

THE NAMES AND THEIR ORIGIN.9

A.. 9

B.. 27

C.. 55

D... 91

E.. 104

F. 114

G... 124

H.. 137

I155

J158

K.. 163

L.. 170

M... 184

N... 208

O... 216

P. 224

Q... 243

R.. 245

S. 256

T.. 281

U.. 292

V.. 294

W... 297

X.. 316

Y.. 316

Z.. 318

INTRODUCTION.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

During the compilation of this work, a large correspondence was carried on with State and local historical societies, State, county, and township officers, and individuals in all parts of the country for the purposes of obtaining information concerning the subject in hand.

The greatest interest was shown and much work done by correspondents, who have thus contributed very largely to the work. Much valuable material was collected in this way which otherwise would have been unavailable.

Among my correspondents, special thanks are due to the following persons and organizations: Thomas M. Owen, Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, Alabama, for valuable references.

C. M. Drake, of Eureka, California, for information concerning names in Monterey and Humboldt counties.

The Bureau of American Ethnology, to which I am especially indebted, not only for much information concerning Indian names, but for guidance, advice, and suggestions in obtaining sources of information. Indeed, most of the information concerning the meaning of Indian names is derived, either directby or indirectly, from this source.

William N. Bvers, of Denver, Colorado, for additions and corrections to county names.

Otis Ashmore, Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia, for revising list of counties.

C. J. Bassett, Secretaiy of State, Boise, Idaho, for revising and adding to list of counties.

J. P. Dunn, Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis, Indiana, for additions and corrections to list of counties.

George W. Martin, Kansas State Historical Society, for much valuable material concerning the place names of his State. In addition to the list of counties he also sent a great deal of material concerning town names, in which was included information furnished by Mrs. N. R. Calver, of Hagerstown, Maryland.

Charles Evans, Chicago Historical Society, who sent a comprehensive list embracing most of the important names in his State.

M. W. Davis, State Historical Society, Iowa City, Iowa, for much valuable information about his State. All of the information concerning town names in this State was received from him.

Mrs. Jennie C. Morton, Kentucky Historical Society, Frankfort, Kentucky, for additions to and revisions of names of counties.

William Beer, Howard Memorial Library, New Orleans, Louisiana, for helpful references and suggestions.

Grace King, Louisiana Historical Society, New Orleans, Louisiana, for additions and corrections to parish names.

Francis E. Sparks, Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, Maryland, for valuable information regarding names of counties.

Samuel A. Green, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Massachusetts, for references which proved of great assistance in compiling information concerning the State.

C. M. Burton, Michigan Historical Society, Detroit, Michigan, for assistance in collecting information. Mr. Burton went to much trouble to get information concerning the names of towns in his State, which resulted in adding much material to that branch of the work.

Franklin L. Riley, Mississippi Historical Society, University, Mississippi, for information concerning town names in his State.

Marjory Dawson, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, Missouri, for nearly all of the information here presented concerning her State.

Mrs. Laura E. Howey, Montana Historical Library, Helena, Montana, for data concerning county and town names in the State.

Eugene Howell, by A. W. Morris, Deputy, Department of State, Carson City, Nevada, for correcting list of names of counties.

William Nelson, New Jersey Historical Society, Paterson, New Jersey, for references, for revision of names of counties and a valuable list of town names.

E. Tuttle, Long Island Historical Society, Brooklyn, New York, for list of town names.

Julius Schoonmaker, Kingston, New York, great assistance concerning town names.

F. J. H. Merrill, Historical and Art Society, Albany, New York, for names of towns in the State.

Robert H. Kelly, New York Historical Society, for additions and corrections to list of counties.

J. W. Raynolds, Secretary of New Mexico, for corrections and additions to list of counties.

N. F. Carter, New Hampshire Historical Society, for valuable references.

Kemp P. Battle, Department of History, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, for complete list of town names.

E. F. Porter, Secretary of State, Bismarck, North Dakota, for many additions to list of counties. Nearly all the information concerning county names in this State was furnished by him.

John W. Jordan, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for much valuable aid. Names of counties, town, and natural features were sent by him.

Clarence S. Brigham, Rhode Island Historical Society, for numerous references concerning names in his State.

A. S. Salley, South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston, South Carolina, for much material of value in connection with the State names. Complete lists of county and town names were sent by him, and information not otherwise available was added to that concerning his State.

Doane Robinson, Department of History, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, for names of counties and many town names.

Charles P. Garrison, Texas Historical Society, Austin, Texas, for list of town names.

Joseph A. De Boer, Vermont Historical Society, Montpelier, Vermont, for list of county and town names.

John M. Comstock, Chelsea, Vermont, list of town names in Orange County.

Virginia Historical Society, corrected list of names of counties.

Edward N. Fuller, Washington Historical Society, Tacoma, Washington, for references and other assistance.

J. P. Hale, Historical and Antiquarian Society, Charleston, West Virginia, for material in the shape of county and town lists.

R. G. Thwaites, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, for much material, valuable suggestions, and references, especially in the way of putting me into communication with other sources of information.

Mrs. E. W. Parker, for county names in Texas. Through her courtesy and kindness were obtained the origins of nearly all the county names of that State.

In addition to the above, many courteous and useful letters have been received from county clerks, treasurers, and other State and county officials, all of whom have shown interest and have furnished all the material in their power.

A large amount of material has been drawn from manuscript books compiled by Mr. Watkins, of Beaver, Pennsylvania.

AUTHORITIES.

Information was obtained from the following books, two and three authorities being quoted in cases where differing opinions exist concerning origins:

INDIAN NAMES.

The Aboriginal Races of North America, by Samuel G. Drake; fifteenth edition, revised by Prof. H. L. Williams.

The American Indian, by Elijah M. Haines, 1888.

League of the Iroquois, by L. H. Morgan, 1857.

Indian Local Names, with their Interpretations, by S. G. Boyd, 1885.

Algonquin Series, by W. W. Tooker.

The Story of the Indian, by George Bird Grinnell.

The Siouan Tribes of the East, by James Mooney: Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 22.

Indian Linguistic Families of America North of Mexico, by J. W. Powell: Seventh Annual Report Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 1-142.

The Ghost-dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890, by James Mooney: Fourteenth Annual Report Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 641-1110.

Calendar History of the Kiowa Indians, by James Mooney: Seventeenth Annual Report Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 129-445.

Tribes of the Extreme Northwest, by W. H. Dall: Contributions to North American Ethnology, Vol. I.

Vocabularies of Tribes of the Extreme Northwest, by W. H. Dall: Contributions to North American Ethnology, Vol. I, pp. 121-153.

Cherokee Nation of Indians, by Charles C. Royce: Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 121-378.

The Menomini Indians, by W. J. Hoffman: Fourteenth Annual Report Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 3-328.

Klamath Indians of Southwestern Oregon, by Albert Samuel Gatschet: Contributions to North American Ethnology, Vol. H, 1890.

The Seminole Indians of Florida, by Clay MacCauley: Fifth Annual Report Bureau of Ethnology, pp. 469-531.

Tribes of California, by Stephen Powers: Contributions to American Ethnology, Vol. III.

Dakota-English Dictionary, by Stephen R. Riggs: Contributions to American Ethnology, Vol. II.

Pamunkey Indians of Virginia, by John Garland Pollard: Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 17.

Tribes of Western Washington, by George Gibbs: Contributions to North American Ethnology, Vol. I, pp. 157-241.

INDIVIDUAL STATES.

ALABAMA.

History of Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi, by Albert James Pickett.

ARKANSAS.

A Journal of Travels into the Arkansas Territory, by Thomas Nuttall, 1821.

Some Old French Place Names in the State of Arkansas, by John C. Brauner.

CALIFORNIA.

History of the State of California, by John Frost.

History of the State of California, by Miguel Venegas.

Report of Exploring Expedition to Oregon and California, 1843-44, by John Charles Fremont: Senate Doc, Twenty-eighth Congress, second session.

History of Oregon and California, by Robert Greenhow, 1845.

CONNECTICUT.

Gazetteer of Connecticut and Rhode Island. by J. C. Pease and J. M. Niles, 1819.

Indian Names of Places in Connecticut, by J. H. Trumbull.

Connecticut Historical Collections, by J. W. Barber, 1849.

FLORIDA.

Gazetteer of Florida, by Adiel Sherwood.

Handbook of Florida, by Charles Ledyard Norton, 1890.

GEORGIA.

Gazetteer of Georgia, by Adiel Sherwood, 1829.

History of Georgia, by William Bacon Stevens.

History of Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi, by Albert James Pickett.

INDIANA.

Indiana Gazetteer or Topographical Dictionary, published by E. Chamberlain, 1849.

History of Indiana to 1856, by John B. Dillon, 1859.

Indiana, by J. P. Dunn.

KENTUCKY.

Historical Sketches of Kentucky, by Lewis Collins, 1848.

LOUISIANA.

A description of Louisiana, by Father Louis Hennepin, translated from the edition of 1683, and compiled with Nouvelle Decouverte, the La Salle Documents, and other contemporaneous papers, by John Gilmary Shea, 1880.

MAINE.

History of Maine to 1842, by George J. Varney, 1873.

Gazetteer of Maine, by N. E. Hayward.

History of Maine, 1602-1820, by W. D. Williamson, 1832.

Collections of the Maine Historical Society, 1847-1859. (In seven volumes.)

MASSACHUSETTS.

Gazetteer of the State of Massachusetts, by Rev. Elias Nason, 1874.

Historical Collections relating to every town in Massachusetts, by John Warner Barber, 1846.

Gazetteer of Massachusetts, by J. Hayward, 1847.

The Indian Names of Boston and Their Meaning, by Eben Norton Hosford: New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. XL, 1886, pp. 94-103.

Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings, Vol. XH, 1873.

MICHIGAN.

Gazetteer of Michigan, by John T. Blois, 1840.

Memorials of a Half Century in Michigan and the Lake Region, by Bela Hubbard.

MISSISSIPPI.

A history of Mississippi from the Discovery of the Great River by Hernando de Soto, including the Earliest Settlements made by the French under Iberville to the Death of Jefferson, by Robert Lowry and William H. McCardle.

Mississippi River, by Henry R. Schoolcraft.

History of Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi, by Albert James Pickett.

NEW JERSEY.

Gazetteer of New Jersey, by Thomas F. Gordon, 1834.

Historical Collections of New Jersey, by J. W. Barber and H. Howe.

Indian Names in New Jersey, by T. Gordon: Historical Collections of the State of New Jersey, 1844, p. 512.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Gazetteer of New Hampshire, by Alonzo J. Fogg.

New Hampshire State Papers.

New Hampshire Town Papers.

Manual of the Court of New Hampshire.

Gazetteer of New Hampshire, by J. Hayward, 1849.

Gazetteer of New Hampshire, by J. Farmer and J. B. Moore, 1823.

NEW MEXICO.

Historical Sketches of New Mexico, by Le Baron Bradford Prince, 1883.

Doniphan's Expedition, by John T. Hughes, 1849.

NEW YORK.

History of the State of New York, 1609-1664, by John Romeyn Brodhead.

Gazetteer of New York, by Thomas F. Gordon, 1836.

Gazetteer of New York, by Horatio Gates Spafford, 1813.

New York State Register, by Orville Luther Holley, 1843.

History of Lewis County, 1860.

History of St. Lawrence and Franklin counties, by Franklin B. Hough.

New York State Register, by John Disturnell, 1858.

Historical Collections of New York, 1524-1845, by J. W. Barber and H. Howe, 1845.

History of the Late Province of New York to 1732, by W. Smith, 1757.

OHIO.

Gazetteer of Ohio, by John Kilbourn, 1821.

Pioneer History of Ohio, by S. P. Hildreth.

Biographical and Historical Memoirs of the Early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio, by S. P. Hildreth.

Historical Collections of Ohio, by Henry Howe. 3 volumes in 2. 1889, 1891.

Ohio Gazetteer, by Warren Jenkins, 1837.

OREGON.

History of Oregon, by Hubert Howe Bancroft, 1886.

Report of the Exploring Expedition to Oregon and North California, 1843-44, by John Charles Fremont: Senate Doc, Twenty-eighth Congress, second session.

History of Oregon and California, by Robert Greenhow, 1845.

Oregon; the Struggle for Possession, by William Barrows, 1884.

Mountains of Oregon, by W. G. Steel.

Tribes of Western Washington and Northwestern Oregon, by George Gibbs: Contributions to American Ethnology", Vol. I, 1877, pp. 157-241.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Historical Collections of Pennsylvania (1680-1778). by S. Day, 1843.

History of Pennsylvania to 1776, by Thomas F. Gordon, 1829.

RHODE ISLAND.

Gazetteer of Rhode Island, by Pease and Niles.

Rhode Island Historical Society Proceedings, 1886-87, pp. 42-51.

Indian Names of Places in Rhode Island, by U. Parsons, 1861.

Gazetteer of Connecticut and Rhode Island, by J. C. Pease and J. M. Niles, 1819.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

Historical Collections of South Carolina, by B. R. Carroll, 1836.

Documents Connected with the History of South Carolina, by P. C. J. Weston.

Collections of the South Carolina Historical Society, Vols. I-V, 1857-1897.

VERMONT.

Vermont Historical Gazetteer, by A. B. Hemenway, 1867-1871.

VIRGINIA.

Historical Collections of Virginia (Virginia Historical Society publications).

History of Virginia to 1754, by W. II. Brockenbrough. (In History of Virginia, by Joseph Martin, 1835.)

TENNESSEE.

History of Tennessee; the Making of a State, by James Phelan.

UTAH.

Exploration and Survey of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, by Howard Stansbury: Senate Ex. Doc. No. 3, special session, March, 1851.

WASHINGTON.

Tribes of Western Washington and Northwestern Oregon, by George Gibbs: Contribution to American Ethnology, Vol. I, 1877, pp. 157-241.

History of Washington, by Elwood Evans.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Canoe Voyage up the Minnay Sotor, by George William Featherstonehaugh.

Astoria, by Washington Irving.

Henry-Thompson Journals, by Elliot Coues.

The Expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike, by Elliot Coues. 3 volumes. 1895.

History of the Expedition under Lewis and Clarke, by Elliot Coues (Philadelphia American Philosophical Society, pp. 17-33), 1893.

Account of an Expedition from Pittsburg to the Rocky Mountains under the Command of Maj. Stephen H. Long. Compiled by Edwin James, 3 volumes, 1823.

Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peters River, Lake Winnepeek, Lake of the Woods, etc., under the Command of Stephen H. Long, by William H. Keating, 2 volumes, 1825.

The Adventures of Captain Bonneville, or Scenes beyond the Rocky Mountains and the Far West, by Washington Irving, 1850.

Yellowstone Park, by H. M. Chittenden.

Geographic Names as Monuments of History: Transactions of the Oneida Historical Society, No. 5, 1889-1892.

Report of Reconnaissance of Northwestern Wyoming, including the Yellowstone Park, in 1873, by William A. Jones, 1875.

Exploration of the Colorado River of the West, by J. W. Powell, 1875.

Report upon the Colorado River of the West, by Joseph C. Ives: Thirty-sixth Congress, Senate document.

Excursion to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, by W. M. Davis.

Colorado Exploring Expedition, by Joseph C. Ives: War Department, Office Explorations and Surveys, pp. 31-42, 1859.

 

THE NAMES AND THEIR ORIGIN.

A

Aaronsburg; town in Center County, Pennsylvania, named for Aaron Levy, who laid it out in 1786.

Abahtacook; creek in Maine, branch of the Matamiscontis River. An Indian word, meaning '' a stream that runs parallel with a big river.'' Abajo; mountains in Utah. A Spanish word, meaning "low."

Abauaka; village in Van Wert County, Ohio, named from an Indian tribe. The word means "the east land."

Abaquage; pond near the source of Little River, Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning "flaggy meadow."

Abbeville; county and town in same county, South Carolina, settled and named by immigrants from France, for the French town of that name.

Abbot; town in Piscataquis County, Maine, named for Prof. John Abbot, treasurer of Bowdoin College.

Abbotsford; village in St. Clair County, Michigan, named from the home of Sir Walter Scott.

Abbott; village in Arapahoe County, Colorado, named for Albert F. Abbott, who platted it.

Abbottstown; town in Adams County, Pennsylvania, named for John Abbott, who laid it out in 1753.

Aberdeen; town in Moore County, North Carolina, city in Monroe County, Mississippi, and numerous other places, named from the city in Scotland.

Abert; lake in Oregon, named for Col. J. J. Abert, of the topographical engineers, United States Army.

Abiathar; peak in Yellowstone Park, named for Charles Abiathar White, of the United States Geological Survey.

Abilene; city in Dickinson County, Kansas, and village in Charlotte County, Virginia, named from the province of ancient Syria. The word means '' a grassy plain."

Abilene; city in Taylor County, Texas, named from the city in Kansas.

Abingdon; city in Knox County, Illinois, town in Washington County, Virginia, and several other places, named from a borough in Berkshire, England.

Abington; town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, and several other places, named from a parish of Cambridgeshire, England.

Ableman; village in Sauk County, Wisconsin, named for Col. S. V. R. Ableman, who settled there in 1851.

Abocadneticook; creek in Maine, branch of the Penobscot River. An Indian word, meaning "a stream narrowed by the mountains."

Aboljackarmegas; creek in Maine, branch of the Penobscot River, at the foot of Mount Katahdin. An Indian word, meaning "bare or bold."

Abrigada; hill in Waterbury, Connecticut, having on its side a deep cavern-like cliff called the "Indian House," whence the name, which is an Indian word, meaning "shelter or hiding place."

Absaroka; range of mountains in Wyoming, named from the native name of the Crow Indians. Grinnell says the word refers to some kind of a bird, possibly crows.

Absecon; bay and town in Atlantic County, New Jersey. The name is derived from the Indian words wabisse, "swan," and ong, "a place," and was given because of the numbers of swans which resorted there.

Acabonack; harbor in Long Island. An Indian word, meaning "root place," applied to the harbor from the meadows near, where the Indians found roots which they prized.

Acadia; parish in Louisiana, and villages in Aroostook County, Maine, and Lee County, Virginia, named from the original name of Nova Scotia. Acadians emigrated to Louisiana and gave the name to the parish. The word is the French form of the Indian word kadi, meaning "the region," "the land."

Acampo; village in San Joaquin County, California. A Spanish word, meaning "a portion of common given to herds for pasture."

Accomac; county and village in same county, in Virginia. An Indian word, the meaning of which is given by some authorities as "on the other side," by others, "the limit of the woodland."

Acequia; village in Douglas County, Colorado. A Spanish word, meaning "canal or channel."

Aceyedan; creek in Iowa. An Indian word, meaning "the place of weeping." The name was given by the Indians upon the occasion of the death of some relatives.

Achor; village in Columbiana County, Ohio, named from the valley of the Scriptures.

Ackerman; town in Choctaw County, Mississippi, named for a landowner.

Ackley; town in Hardin County, Iowa, laid out in 1857 by J. W. Ackley.

Acme; village in Grand Traverse County, Michigan. A Greek word, meaning "a point."

Acquackanonk; township in Passaic County, New Jersey. An Indian word, meaning "where gum blocks were made, or procured, for pounding corn."

Acquehadongonock; point in Maine. Indian word, said to mean "Smoked Fish Point."

Acton; town in York County, Maine, named from Acton, Massachusetts, in honor of the citizens of that town, originally a part of Concord, who took part in the battle of Concord.

Acton; town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, named from the town in Middlesex County, England.

Acton; town in Meeker County, Minnesota. An Indian word, meaning "more than."

Acushnet; town and river in Bristol County, Massachusetts. The name of the Indian village which stood upon the spot where New Bedford now stands.

Acworth; town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, named in honor of Lord Ac worth.

Ada; county in Idaho, named for the eldest daughter of H. C. Riggs.

Ada; town in Kent County, Michigan, named for the daughter of Sidney Smith.

Adair; counties in Iowa, Kentucky, and Missouri; Adairville; town in Logan County, Kentucky. Named for Gen. John Adair, governor of Kentucky.

Adams; counties in Iowa, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Mississippi, and Washington, peak of the White Mountains in New Hampshire, mountain in Washington, and point at the mouth of the Columbia River in Oregon, village in Herkimer County and town in Jefferson County, New York, named for President John Adams.

Adams; counties in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, named for President John Quincy Adams.

Adams; town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, named for Samuel Adams.

Adams; village in Gage County, Nebraska, named for an early settler, J. O. Adams.

Adams; town in Robertson County, Tennessee, named for the owner of the town site, Reuben Adams.

Adams, J. Q.; peak in New Hampshire, named for President John Quincy Adams.

Adamsboro; village in Cass County, Indiana, named for George E. Adams, its founder.

Adamsburg; borough in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania; Adamstown; borough in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Said to have been named for President John Adams.

Addison; town in Steuben County, New York, county and town in Vermont, town in Washington County, Maine, and township in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, named for the celebrated English writer, Joseph Addison.

Addison; town in Webster County, West Virginia, named for Addison McLaughlin, a prominent lawyer.

Adel; town in Dallas County, Iowa. So named from its situation on a dell of North Raccoon River; formerly written Adell.

Adena; town in Jefferson County, Ohio, named for the home or country seat of the late Governor Worthington, of Ohio, which was in Ross County. The word means "paradise."

Adirondack; mountains in New York and village in Warren County, of the same State. Indian word compounded from doran, "a people who eat bark," and dak, "trees," with the French particle la prefixed.

Admiralty; inlet in Washington named by Vancouver, the English explorer, for incumbent in the Admiralty.

Adrian; city in Lenawee County, Michigan, named for the Roman Emperor Hadrian or Adrian.

Advance; village in Boone County, Indiana, so named because located in anticipation of the Midland Railroad.

Afton; town in Union County, Iowa, laid out in 1854 and named by Mrs. Baker, wife of one of the proprietors, from the little river in Scotland immortalized by Burns. Many other places bear the same name.

Agamenticus; mountain in York County, Maine. An Indian word meaning "on the other side of the river.'' Agassiz; mountains in New Hampshire and Arizona, named for Prof. Louis Agassiz.

Agate; bay in Lake Superior, Michigan, and creek in Yellowstone Park, so named from the agates found in them.

Agawam; river and town of Hampden County, Massachusetts. An Indian word meaning "lowland, marsh, or meadow."

Agency; town in Wapello County, Iowa, and village in Buchanan County, Missouri, named so because formerly Indian agencies.

Agua Caliente; villages in Maricopa County, Arizona, and Sonoma County, California, so named from warm springs in the vicinity. A Spanish name meaning "hot water."

Agua Dulce; creek in Texas. A Spanish name meaning "sweet water."

Agua Fria; valley in Yavapai County, Arizona. A Spanish name, meaning "cold water."

Agua Fria; peak and village in New Mexico. A Spanish name meaning '' cold water.'' Ahiki; eastern tributary of the Chattahoochee River, Georgia. An Indian word, ahi-iki, meaning "sweet potato mother."

Aiken; county and town in South Carolina, named for William Aiken, governor of the State in 1844-1846.

Aikin; landing and swamp in Chesterfield County, Virginia, named for the late owner, Albert Aikin.

Ainsworth; town in Washington County, Iowa, named for D. H. Ainsworth, civil engineer.

Ainsworth; station on the Union Pacific Railroad in Franklin County, Washington, named for J. C. Ainsworth, a prominent western railroad man.

Aitkin; county and village in Minnesota, named for Samuel Aiken or Aitken, an old trapper and fur dealer.

Akron; village in Erie County, New York, named from the city in Ohio.

Akron; city in Summit County, Ohio, which occupies the highest ground in the northern part of the State, and several other places named for the same reason. A Greek word meaning "the summit or peak."

Alabama; State of the Union and a river of that State, named from an Indian tribe. There are several explanations of the meaning of the word. Gatchet gives "burnt clearing." Others say it means "here we rest." Haines, in his American Indian, gives "thicket clearers."

Alabaster; mount in Arkansas which has an eminence composed of alabaster.

Alabaster; post-office in Iosco County, Michigan, so named from its quarry of gypsum and manufactory of calcined plaster.

Alachua; county and town in Florida. An Indian word, the meaning of which is variously interpreted as Alachua savanna, "grassy, marshy plain," referring to a feature of this description in the county north of Lake Orange; or "place where water goes down," the "big jug."

Alamance; county and creek in North Carolina. The word is said to have been given by Germans, from Allamanca, who settled in the valley of the creek, which received the name first. Some authorities say it is of Indian origin.

Alameda; county and city in California, town in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, and post-office in Clarke County, Alabama, named from the Cottonwood trees growing in the vicinity. A Spanish word meaning "grove of poplar trees."

Alamo; post-office in Contra Costa County, California, and many other places named from the old fort in Texas, which was so called from a grove of cottonwood trees. A Spanish word meaning "poplar or cottonwood."

Alamogordo; city in Otero County, New Mexico. A Spanish word meaning "large poplar or cottonwood."

Alamooscok: pond in Hancock County, Maine, near Orland. An Indian word meaning "great dog place."

Alamosa; town of Conejos County and stream in Colorado. The stream was named by the early Spanish explorers, the town taking its name from the stream. A Spanish word meaning "shaded with elms," though cottonwood is the actual growth.

Alaqua; river and town of Walton County, Florida. An Indian word meaning "sweet gum."

Alaska; Territory of the United States. An Indian word meaning "great country," "continent," or "great land."

Albany; county and city in New York, named for the Duke of York, whose Scotch title was "Duke of Albany," afterwards James H of England. Many places named from the city.

Albemarle; county in Virginia, sound in North Carolina, and town in Stanly County, North Carolina, named for Gen. George Monk, Earl of Albemarle, one of the original proprietors.

Alberhill; railroad station and coal mine in Riverside County, California, named for the two owners of the mine, Messrs. Albers and Hill.

Albert Lea; city in Freeborn County, Minnesota, between two lakes, from one of which it derives its name. The lake was named for Lieut. Albert M. Lea, who explored the " Blackhawk purchase" and published an account of his explorations in 1836.

Albertville; town in Marshall County, Alabama, named for the first settler.

Albina; village, now a part of Portland, Oregon, named for the wife of Judge Page, of Portland.

Albion; town in Kennebec County, Maine, and many other places named from the ancient name of England.

Albuquerque; city in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, named for the Spanish Duke of Albuquerque, who visited this spot in 1703-1710.

Alburg; town in Grand Isle County, Vermont, named for Gen. Ira Allen, one of the original grantees.

Alcatraz; island and post-office in San Francisco County, California. A Spanish word, meaning "pelican."

Alcona; county and post-office in Michigan. Indian word, meaning "unknown."

Alcorn; county in Mississippi, named for James L. Alcorn, governor of the State in 1870-71.

Alden; town in Hardin County, Iowa, named for Henry Alden, who settled there in 1854.

Alden; town in Erie County, New York, named by one of its citizens for his wife's mother.

Alderson; town in Monroe County, West Virginia, named for Rev. John Alderson, pioneer settler.

Aleutian; islands in the Pacific Ocean. A derivation of the Russian word aleaut, meaning "bald rock."

Alexander; county in Illinois, named for Dr. William M. Alexander, a pioneer.

Alexander; village in Genesee County, New York, named for Alexander Rea, first settler and State senator.

Alexander; county in North Carolina. named for several prominent citizens: William J. Alexander, State solicitor; Gov. Nathaniel Alexander, and J. McNitt Alexander, secretary of the Mecklenburg Congress.

Alexander Lake; lake in Connecticut, named for Nell Alexander, who was owner of a large tract in the town of Killingly, Connecticut.

Alexandria; village in Thayer County, Nebraska, named for S. J. Alexander, secretary of state.

Alexandria; town in Jefferson County, New York; named for Alexander Le Ray, son of J. D. Le Ray, who fell in a duel in 1836.

Alexandria; county and city in Virginia, named for a prominent family of early settlers, of which Dr. Archibald Alexander was a distinguished member.

Alexandria Bay; bay and village in Jefferson County, New York; named for Alexander Le Ray.

Alford; town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, named for Hon. John Alford, of Charlestown.

Alfordsville; village in Daviess County, Indiana, named for James Alford, who built the first house.

Alfred; town in York County, Maine, named for King Alfred of England.

Algansee: township and post-office in Branch County, Michigan; Indian word, meaning "the lake prairie, or the prairie resembling a lake."

Alger; county in Michigan and village in Hardin County, Ohio, named for Hon. Russell A. Alger, Secretary of War during McKinley's administration.

Algoma; city in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, and places in several other States. Indian word formed from Algonquin and "maig," meaning "Algonquin waters."

Algona; city in Kossuth County, Iowa, and post-office in Jefferson County, New York. Indian word, meaning probably the same as "Algoma," "Algonquin waters." It is said to be the Indian name for Lake Superior.

Algonac; village in St. Clair County, Michigan. Indian word, by some said to mean "pertaining to the Algonquin language;" by others it is thought to be compounded for "Algonquin " and " auke," meaning " land of the Algons."

Algonquin; village in McHenry County, Illinois, post-offices in Franklin County, New York, and Carroll County, Ohio, named from the Indian tribe. The word means "people living on the other side of the stream."

Alhambra; village in Madison County, Illinois, post-office in Los Angeles County, California, and many other places named for the palace in Spain.

Aliquippa; borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, named for an Indian chief.

Alkali; creek in Montana, so named from the alkaline quality of the water.

Allagash; principal branch of St. Johns River, Maine, plantation and post-office in Aroostook County, Maine. An Indian word meaning "bark cabin lake." The Indians had a hunting camp near the headwaters of the river, hence the name.

Allamakee; county in Iowa. The Iowa Historical Society says it was named for Allen Makee, an Indian trader. Haines's "American Indian" gives allamakee, Algonquin Indian, meaning "thunder."

Allegan; county and village in Michigan, named from an Indian tribe. Haines says that this was the oldest tribe in the United States, and gives the derivation from sagiegan, "a lake."

Allegany; counties in Maryland and New York, and town in Cattaraugus County, of the latter State; post-office in Coos County, Oregon; Alleghany; counties in North Carolina and Virginia; "Allegheny; county, city, and river in Pennsylvania, and mountains in eastern United States. An Indian word variously spelled, the origin of which is in dispute. The most generally accepted derivation is from "welhikhanna," "the best, or "the fairest river."

Allemands; town in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, situated on Bayou des Allemands, '' bayou of the Germans.'' Allen; county in Indiana, named for Col. William Allen, of Kentucky.

Allen; county in Kansas, named for William Allen, United States Senator from Ohio, 1837-1849.

Allen; counties in Kentucky and Ohio, named for Col. John Allen, who fell at the battle of Raisin River, in the war of 1812.

Allendale; town in Barnwell County, South Carolina, named for the Allen family, prominent in that district.

Allenhill: post-office in Ontario County, New York, named for Nathaniel Allen, one of the first settlers.

Allenstown; town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, named for Samuel Allen, to whose children the grant was made in 1722. He died while engaged in a lawsuit over the governorship.

Allentown; city in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, and borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, named for William Allen, of Pennsylvania, at one time chief justice of the province.

Alliance; town in Stark County, Ohio, because it was thought that two systems of railroads would form an alliance.

Alligator; river and swamp in North Carolina, so called from the number of alligators found there.

Alloway; township and creek in New Jersey, named for an Indian chief who resided upon it.

Allum; pond in Connecticut, named for a Quinebaug captain, called by the Pequot Indians "the fox." The Indian word allum means "fox, or fox pond."

Alma; town in Park County, Colorado, named by Mr. James, a merchant, for his wife.

Alma; city in Wabaunsee County, Kansas, named by Germans who settled it, from the city and battle of Alma, Germany.

Alma; city in Harlan County, Nebraska, named for the daughter of one of the first settlers.

Almaden; township in Santa Clara County, California, containing mines of mercury. These mines are named after the quicksilver mines in Spain.

Almont; village in Lapeer County, Michigan, named for the Mexican general, Almonte.

Alpena; county and city in Michigan, and village in Jerauld County, South Dakota. An Indian word, derived from penaise, "a bird."

Alpine; county in California, so named because of its mountainous surface, being traversed by the Sierra Nevada. Many places in the United States bear this name in reference to their elevation.

Alta; town in Buena Vista County, Iowa, situated upon the highest point between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. A Latin word, meaning "high." Many other places bear this name in reference to their elevation.

Altamaha; river and post-office in Tattnall County, Georgia; Altamahaw; post-office in Alamance County, North Carolina. An Indian word, meaning "place of the village."

Altamont; town in Effingham County, Illinois, situated on the highest point between St. Louis and Terre Haute.

Altamont; post-office in Garrett County, Maryland, on the extreme summit of the Alleghenies. A Spanish word meaning "high mountains." Many other places bear the same name.

Alta Vista; village in Wabaunsee County, Kansas, so named by Rock Island Railroad officials because that road crosses the watershed between the Kansas and Neosho rivers at this point.

Alton; village in Humboldt County, California, named from the city in Illinois. Many other places are named from the same.

Alton; city in Madison County, Illinois, named by Rufus Easton, the founder, for his son.

Alton; town in Belknap County, New Hampshire, named from a place in England.

Altoona; city in Wilson County, Kansas, named from the city in Pennsylvania.

Altoona; city in Blair County, Pennsylvania, so named because of its high situation in the Allegheny Mountains, and town in Polk County, Iowa, situated on the highest point between the Des Moines and Mississippi rivers. A derivative of the Latin word altus, "high."

Alturas; town in Modoc County, California, so named from its mountains. A Spanish word, meaning "summits of mountains."

Alum; creek in Yellowstone Park. Characteristic, as the water is a strong solution of alum.

Alvarado; town in Alameda County, California, named for Juan B. Alvarado, Mexican governor of California.

Alvord; lake in Oregon, named for Gen. Benjamin Franklin Alvord, who was stationed there at one time.

Amador; county, town, and valley in California, named for Jose M. Amador, formerly manager of the property of the mission of San Jose.

Amakalli, tributary of Flint River, Mississippi. An Indian word, meaning "tumbling water."

Amalthea; village in Franklin County, Ohio, named for the nurse of Jupiter.

Amargosa; river in California. A Spanish word, meaning "bitter water."

Ambajeejus; lake, and falls in the Penobscot River, Maine. An Indian word, referring to the two large, round rocks in the lake, one on top of the other.

Ambajemackomas; fall in the Penobscot River, Maine. An Indian word, meaning "little cross pond."

Ambler; borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, named for the Ambler family, of which Joseph Ambler, who settled there in 1723, was a member.

Amboy; towns in Lee County, Illinois, and Miami County, Indiana, and many other places. Indian word, meaning "hollow inside, like a bowl."

Amelia; county and town in Virginia, named for the Princess Amelia, youngest daughter of George H of England.

Amenia; town in Dutchess County, New York, named by an early scholar of the State, who also named the State of Vermont. A Latin word, meaning "pleasant, delightful, lovely."

America; the Western Hemisphere, named for Amerigo Vespucci, sometimes spelled Americus Vespucius, who touched the South American coast somewhere near Surinam in 1499. The name was first used in 1509, and first appeared on a map made in Frankfort, Germany, in 1520.

American; river in California, so called by the Spanish, Rio de los Americanos, because most of the Americans entering California at the time the Spaniards ruled there, came down that river.

Ames; city in Story County, Iowa, named for Oakes Ames.

Ames; post-office in Montgomery County, New York, named for Fisher Ames.

Amesbury; town in Essex County, Massachusetts, named from an English town.

Amethyst; mountain in Yellowstone Park, so named by United States Geological Survey, from the crystalline amethysts formerly abundant on its broad summit.

Amethyst; creek in Yellowstone Park, so named by the United States Geological Survey because it flows from Amethyst Mountain.

Amherst; town in Hancock County, Maine, named from the town in New Hampshire.

Amherst; county in Virginia, and towns in Hillsboro County, New Hampshire, and Hampshire County, Massachusetts, named for Lord Jeffrey Amherst.

Amicalola; town in Dawson County, Georgia. An Indian word, meaning "tumbling or rolling water."

Amite; town in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, named from a neighboring stream.

Amite; county and river in Mississippi. The French named the river in commemoration of the friendly manner in which they were received by the Indians.

Amity; town in Yamhill County, Oregon, so named as a result of the settlement of a neighborhood contention regarding the location of a schoolhouse in 1849. The schoolhouse was named first and the town took its name from the former.

Ammonoosuc; river in New Hampshire. An Indian word, interpreted by some to mean '' stony fish place;" by others, '' fish story river.'' Amo; towns in Hendricks County, Indiana, El Paso County, Colorado, and Cottonwood County, Minnesota. An Indian word, meaning "bee."

Amphitheater; creek in Yellowstone Park, named by the United States Geological Survey, from the form of a valley near its mouth.

Amsterdam; city in Montgomery County, New York, named by Emanuel E. De Graff, a Hollander and early settler, from the city in Holland. Several places in the United States are named from the city in New York.

Anacostia; village in the District of Columbia, named from an Indian tribe called Nacostines.

Anamosa; city in Jones County, Iowa. Some authorities say it was named for the daughter of Nasinus, an Indian chief. Haines gives the meaning "you walk from me." Another theory derives it from anamoosh, "dog," or "species of fox."

Anastasia; island off the coast of Florida, named by tha early Spanish explorers, St. Anastasia, for one of the numerous saints in the Catholic Church.

Ancona; town in Livingston County, Illinois, named from the city in Italy.

Andalusia; town in Covington County, Alabama; village in Rock Island County, Illinois, and post-offices in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and Randolph County, Georgia, named from the ancient name of a province in Spain.

Anderson; city in Madison County, Indiana, named for the English name of a Delaware chief.

Anderson; county in Kansas, named for Joseph C. Anderson, member of the first Territorial legislature of Kansas.

Anderson; county in Kentucky, named for Richard C. Anderson, a former member of Congress.

Anderson; county and city in South Carolina, named for Col. Robert Anderson, Revolutionary soldier.

Anderson; county in Texas, named for Kenneth L. Anderson, vice-president of the Republic of Texas.

Anderson; island in Puget Sound, Washington, named for the surgeon of the ship Resolution, who died just before its discovery.

Andersonburg; village in Perry County, Pennsylvania, named for the original owner.

Andersonville; village in Sumter County, Georgia, named for the original proprietor.

Andes; town in Delaware County, New York, named from the mountains of South America, because of its mountainous character.

Andover; towns in Essex County, Massachusetts, and Windsor County, Vermont, named from the town in England.

Andrew; county in Missouri, named for Andrew S. Hughes, of Clay County, who first publicly proposed the "Platte purchase."

Andrews; county in Texas, named for the only man killed in a two days' skirmish with the*Mexicans near San Antonio, in 1835.

Androscoggin; river in Maine and New Hampshire, and county in Maine. An Indian word first given to the river, from the tribe Amasagunticook, that formerly lived on its banks. The authorities give the meaning "a fishing place for alewives," or "fish spearing."

Angel; island in San Francisco Bay, California, named for a pioneer miner.

Angelica; town in Allegany County, New York, named for Mrs. Angelica Church, daughter of Gen. Philip Schuyler.

Angel Island; post-office in Marin County, California, named from the island on which it is situated.

Angels; town in Calaveras County, California, named for Henry Angel, who discovered gold in that vicinity in 1848.

Anglesea; borough in Cape May County, New Jersey, named from the town in Wales.

Aniwa; village in Shawano County, Wisconsin. Corruption of an Indian word, aniwi, meaning '' those,'' a Chippewa prefix signifying superiority.

Ann; cape, eastern extremity of Essex County, Massachusetts, named for Queen Anne, wife of James I of England.

Anna; city in Union County, Illinois, named for Mrs. Anna Davis, wife of the owner of the land.

Annapolis; city in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, named in honor of Queen Anne, wife of James 1 of England.

Ann Arbor; city in Washtenaw County, Michigan. The first part of the name was given in honor of the wives of the two early settlers, Allen and Rumsey; the latter part refers to the grove-like appearance of the site.

Annawan; town in Henry County, Illinois, named from the Indian; probably from awan, "fog."

Anne Arundel; county in Maryland, named in honor of Lady Anne Arundel, wife of Cecilius Calvert, second Lord Baltimore.

Annisquam; lake, bay, and river in New Hampshire, and village in Essex County, Massachusetts. Indian word, meaning "rock summit," or "point of rock."

Annsville; town in Oneida County, New York, named for the wife of J. W. Bloomfield, first settler.

Anoka; county and city in Minnesota, and villages in Cass County, Indiana, and Broome County, New York. An Indian word, meaning "on both sides."

Anson; county in North Carolina, named for Admiral Anson, British navy, who purchased land in the State.

Anson; town in Jones County, Texas, named for Anson Jones, first president of the Texas Republic.

Ansonia; city in New Haven County, Connecticut, named for Anson G. Phelps, senior partner of the firm of Phelps, Dodge & Co., which established the place.

Ansonville; town in Anson County, North Carolina, named for Admiral Anson of the British navy, who built the town.

Ansted; town in Fayette County, West Virginia, named for Professor Ansted, the English geologist, who reported on a tract of coal land there and had an interest in it.

Antelope; county in Nebraska, named at the suggestion of Mr. Leander Gerrard, in commemoration of the killing and eating of an antelope during the pursuit of some Indians. There are many places in various parts of the country which bear this name, generally in reference to the former presence of that animal.

Antero; mount in the Sawatch Range, Colorado, named for a prominent Ute Indian.

Anthony; city in Harper County, Kansas, named for Governor George T. Anthony.

Anthony's Nose; promontory on the Hudson River, New York, said by Irving to have been named so in reference to Anthony Van Corlear's nose; Lossing says, "Anthony de Hooges, secretary of Rensselaerwick, had an enormous nose, and the promontory was named in honor of that feature."

Antioch; town in Contra Costa County, California, village in Lake County, Illinois, as well as many other places, named from the city in Syria.

Antrim; county in Michigan, and town in Guernsey. County, Ohio, named by early Irish settlers from the town in Ireland. Many other places are named from the same.

Antwerp; town in Jefferson County, New York, built by a company which was formed in Holland, who named the new place from the city in Belgium. Village in Paulding County, Ohio, named from the same.

Apache; county and pass in Arizona, town in Caddo County, Oklahoma, and village in Huerfano County, Colorado, named for a tribe of Indians. Some authorities give the meaning, "the men, the people." Grinnell interprets it as meaning "enemies."

Apalachee; river, and post-office in Morgan County, Georgia. Indian word, supposed to be derived from apalatchiokli, '' those on the other side," or "the people on the other side."

Apalachicola; river, and city in Franklin County, Florida. An Indian word, variously interpreted. Gatchet translates it, "people on the other side." Brinton supposed the name to be derived from Apalache, "those by the sea," and the Choctaw suffix, okla, or uklah, "nation, or town." De Vere gives the meaning, "town of low cottages on the river."

Apex; village in Wake County, North Carolina, so named because it is the highest point between Raleigh and Deep rivers.

Apollo; borough in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, named for the classical god.

Apopka; town in Orange County, Florida. Name derived from the Indian word tsalopopkohatchee, meaning "catfish eating creek."

Apostles; group of islands in Lake Superior, so called by the early Jesuits, under the impression that they numbered twelve.

Appalachia; village in Wise County, Virginia. Name derived from Appalachian.

Appalachian; general appellation of the mountain system in the southeastern part of North America, extending under various names from Maine southwestward to the northern part of Alabama. The name was given by the Spaniards under De Soto, who derived it from the neighboring Indians. Heckewelder supposed this name to be derived from the Carib word, apaliche, "man." Brinton holds its radical to be the Muscogee apala, "the great sea, or the great ocean," and that apalache is a compound of this word with the Muscogee personal participle "chi," and means "those by the sea."

Appanoose; county in Iowa, and a village of Douglas County, Kansas. An Indian word, meaning "a chief when a child." The name of a chief of the Sacs and Foxes.

Applebachville; village in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, named for Gen. Paul Applebach and his brother Henry.

Applegate; town in Jackson County, Oregon, named for an early settler.

Appleton; town in Knox County, Maine, named for Nathaniel Appleton, one of the original proprietors.

Appleton; village in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, situated on Apple Creek; hence the name.

Appleton; city in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, named for Samuel Appleton, one of the founders of Lawrence University, located at that place.

Appling; county, and town in Columbia County, Georgia, named for Col. Dan Appling.

Appomattox; river, and county in Virginia. An Indian word, meaning "a tobacco plant country.''

Aptakisic; village in Lake County, Illinois. An Indian word, meaning "half dry," or "sun at meridian."

Apukwa; lake in Wisconsin. An Indian word, meaning "rice."

Apulia; village in Onondaga County, New York, named from the ancient province of southern Italy.

Aquaschicola; creek, and village in Carbon County, Pennsylvania. An Indian word, meaning " where we fish with the bush net."

Aquebogue; village in Suffolk County, New York. An Indian word, meaning "at the end of a small pond."

Aransas; county in Texas, named from the river which flows into Aransas Harbor, through the county.

Arapahoe; county in Colorado, towns in Furnas County, Nebraska, and Custer County, Oklahoma, and post-office in Pamlico County, North Carolina. Named from an Indian tribe. The word means "pricked," or "tattooed."

Arbuckle; town in Colusa County, California. Named for the founder of the town.

Arbuckle; mountains in Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory. Named from Fort Arbuckle, which was named for Brevet Brig. Gen. Matthew Arbuckle, who fought in the Mexican war.

Areata; town in Humboldt County, California. An Indian word, meaning "sunny spot."

Archdale; town in Randolph County, North Carolina, named for John Archdale, a lord proprietor and governor of Carolina.

Archer; county in Texas; Archer City; village in above county. Named for Dr. Branch T. Archer, prominent in the early days of the State.

Archuleta; county in Colorado, named for J. M. Archuleta, head of one of the old Spanish families of New Mexico.

Arden; town in Buncombe County, North Carolina, named from the Forest of Arden, in Shakespeare's play "As You Like It."

Arenac; county and village in Michigan. An Indian word, auke, "earth, or land," compounded with the Latin word, arena. The name was coined by Schoolcraft and a party of early explorers.

Arenzville; village in Cass County, Illinois, named for Francis A. Arenz, pioneer and founder.

Arequa; gulch in Colorado, named for a man named Requa.

Argenta; villages in Beaverhead County, Montana, and Salt Lake County, Utah, so named becauseof near-by silver mines. A Latin word, meaning "silver."

Argentine; city in Wyandotte County, Kansas, so named from "argenta," "silver," a smelter being the first industry there.

Argonia; city in Sumner County, Kansas, named from the ship Argo, in which Jason sailed to Colchis in quest of the "golden fleece."

Argos; town in Marshall County, Indiana, named from the town in Greece.

Argusville; village in Schoharie County, New York, named for its principal paper, the Albany Argus.

Argyle; towns in Walton County, Florida, and Winnebago County, Illinois, settled by Scotch, and named by them for the city in Scotland.

Argyle; town in Washington County, New York, named for the Duke of Argyle in 1786.

Arietta; town in Hamilton County, New York, named for the wife of Rensselaer Van Rennselaer.

Arikaree; river and village in Arapahoe County, Colorado. An Indian word, meaning "horn people."

Arizona; Territory of the United States. The word means arid zone, or desert, but Mowry claims that the name is Aztec, from Arizuma, signifying "silver bearing."

Arkadelphia; town in Clark County, Arkansas. The word is compounded of the abbreviation of Arkansas and the Greek word, adelphus, "brother."

Arkansas; river, State, county and town in said State, and city in Cowley County, Kansas. Marquette and other French explorers wrote the word Alkansas and Akamsca, from the Indian tribe. The usual etymology derives the name from the French arc, "a bow," and Kansas, "smoky water," while another theory makes the prefix a Dakota word meaning "people;" hence, "people of the smoky water." Schoolcraft says there is a species of acacia found in Arkansas from which the Indians made bows. This is thought to have been the origin of the name of the Arc or Bow Indians. A writer in the Atlantic Monthly suggests the French arc-en-sang, '' bloody bow,'' and supposes the likeness to Kansas to have been accidental.

Armagh; borough and town in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, named from the Irish town.

Armonk; village in Westchester County, New York. An Indian word, meaning "fishing place."

Armourdale; formerly a village, now a station in Kansas City, Kansas, named for the Armour brothers, bankers and pork packers.

Armstrong; county in Pennsylvania, named for Gen. John Armstrong, of Pennsylvania, who commanded the expedition against the Indians at Kittanning in 1756.

Armstrong; county in South Dakota, named for Moses K. Armstrong, Congressman and legislator, 1870.

Armstrong; county in Texas, named for a pioneer of the State.

Arnolds; creek in Ohio County, Indiana, named for Colonel Arnold, of the Revolutionary war.

Aroostook; river and county in Maine. An Indian word, meaning "good river," or "clear of obstruction."

Arrow; lake in Minnesota, so called from the name given by the early French explorers, Lac aux Fleches, "lake of the arrows."

Arrowhead; hot springs in southern California, named from a huge discoloration on the slopes of a mountain north of San Bernardino, which takes the form of an Indian arrowhead.

Arrow Rock; village in Saline County, Missouri, built upon a spot where the Indians formerly resorted for arrowheads, because of the suitability of the rock found there.

Arroyo; villages in Elk County, Pennsylvania, and Cameron County, Texas. A Spanish word, meaning "creek, brook, or rivulet."

Arroyo Grande; town in San Luis Obispo County, California. A Spanish name, meaning "great brook, or creek."

Arroyo Hondo; village in Taos County, New Mexico, which takes its name from a near-by creek. A Spanish name, meaning "deep creek."

Artesia; town in Lowndes County, Mississippi, so named from an artesian well near.

Asbury Park; borough and a city, a summer resort in Monmouth County, New Jersey, named for Francis Asbury, the pioneer bishop of Methodism in America.

Several towns in the Southern States bear his name.

Ascension; parish in Louisiana, named by the early French from the festival of the Ascension.

Ascutney; mountain in Vermont. An Indian word, meaning "fire mountain," from its having been burned over. It is also said to signify '' the three brothers,'' and is supposed to refer to three singular valleys which run down the western slope of the mountain.

Ascutneyville; village in Windsor County, Vermont, named from the mountain of the same name.

Ashbee; harbor in Virginia, named for Solomon Ashbee.

Ashburnham; town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, named for John Ashburnham, second Earl of Ashburnham.

Ashbyburg; village in Hopkins County, Kentucky, named for Gen. Stephen Ashby.

Ashe; county in North Carolina; Asheboro; town in above county. Named for Samuel Ashe, governor of the State in 1795-1798.

Ashersville; village in Clay County, Indiana, named for John Asher, its founder.

Asheville; city in Buncombe County, North Carolina.

Ashflat; village in Sharp County, Arkansas, named from a prairie Upon which the town is situated, in early days surrounded by ash timber.

Ashford; village in Henry County, Alabama, named for Thomas Ashford, or his son, Frederick A. Ashford.

Ashkum; village in Iroquois County, Illinois. An Indian word, meaning "more and more."

Ashland; city in Boyd County, Kentucky, so named, according to Henry Clay, from the ash timber which abounded in the vicinity. His home there was called "Ashland."

Ashland; counties in Ohio and Wisconsin; cities in Clark County, Kansas, and Jackson County, Oregon; towns in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Benton County, Mississippi, and Greene County, New York; borough in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, and villages in Saunders County, Nebraska, and Ashland County, Ohio; named for the home of Henry Clay. There are many other places named from the same, generally by the founders, who thus expressed their admiration for Henry Clay.

Ashley; county in Arkansas, named for Senator Chester Ashley.

Ashley; city in Washington County, Illinois, named for Colonel Ashley, of the Illinois Central Railroad.

Ashley; village in Gratiot County, Michigan, named for H. W. Ashley, general manager of the Ann Arbor Railroad, which passes through the village.

Ashley; town in Pike County, Missouri, named for General Ashley, of Arkansas.

Ashley; river in South Carolina which unites with the Cooper, both named for the Earl of Shaftesbury, Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper, one of the original proprietors.

Ashley; lake in Utah, named for its discoverer, W. H. Ashley, a St. Louis fur trader.

Ashowugh; island off the coast of Connecticut, near New London. An Indian word, meaning "halfway place," or "the place between."

Ashtabula; county, river, and city in Ohio, and village in Barnes County, North Dakota, An Indian word, meaning " fish river."

Ashuelot: river and village in Cheshire County, New Hampshire. An Indian word, meaning "collection of many waters."

Aspen; town in Pitkin County, Colorado, which takes its name from a near-by mountain, Quaking Asp.

Aspetuc; river and hill of New Milford, Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning "a height."

Asproom; mountain in Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning "high, lofty."

Assaria; city in Saline County, Kansas, named from a church which was, built by Swedish Lutherans previous to the incorporation of the place. The word means "In God is our help."

Assawa; lake near the sources of the Mississippi. An Indian word, meaning "perch lake."

Assawampset; pond in Middleboro, Massachusetts. An Indian word, meaning "a white stone."

Assawog; river in Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning "place between," or "the halfway place."

Assinniboine; fort and military reservation in Choteau County, Montana, named from a tribe of Indians. The name was given to them either on account of the stony nature of their country, or because of the singular manner they have of boiling their meat by dropping heated stones into the water in which the meat is placed until it is cooked. This custom is said to have given them the name, which means "stone roasters." In Lewis and Clarke's journal of their expedition it is said that the name was borrowed from the Chippewas, who called them Assinniboan, "stone Sioux," hence the name "stone Indian," which is sometimes applied to them.

Assiscunk; creek in Burlington County, New Jersey. An Indian word, meaning "muddy," or "dirty."

Assumption; parish in Louisiana, named in honor of the festival of the assumption of the Virgin Mary.

Astoria; town in Fulton County, Illinois; villages in Wright County, Missouri, Queens County, New York, and Deuel County, South Dakota, named for the Astor family, of New York.

Astoria; city in Clatsop County, Oregon, named for the founder, John Jacob Astor, who established a fur-trading station there in early days.

Aswaguscawadic; branch of the Mattawamkeag River, Maine. An Indian word, meaning "a place where one is compelled to drag his canoe through a stream."

Atacosa; county and village in Bexar County, Texas. Spanish word, meaning "boggy" or "miry."

Atalla; town in Etowah County, Alabama; named for Atala, the heroine of an Indian romance, by Chateaubriand.

Atchafalaya; bayou of Red River, Louisiana. An Indian word, meaning "long river.'' Atchison; county and city in Kansas, and county in Missouri, named for David R. Atchison, United States Senator from Missouri.

Aten; village in Cedar County, Nebraska, named for John Aten, a State senator.

Athens; county in Ohio, cities in Clarke County, Georgia, and Menard County, Illinois; villages in Claiborne County, Louisiana, Greene County, New York, and many other places, named for the celebrated city in Greece.

Athol; town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, said to have been named for James Murray, second Duke of Athol.

Atisowil; creek in Washington, emptying into Willapa Harbor. An Indian word, meaning " bear river."

Atkins; bay at the mouth of Kennebec River, Maine, named for an early landowner.

Atkins; peak in Yellowstone Park, named by the United States Geological Survey, for John D. C. Atkins, Indian commissioner.

Atkinson; town in Piscataquis County, Maine, named for Judge Atkinson, a prominent resident.

Atkinson; town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, named for Theodore Atkinson, a large landholder.

Atkinsonville; village in Owen County, Indiana, named for Stephen Atkinson.

Atlanta; city in Georgia, so named to designate its relationship to the Atlantic Ocean, by means of a railway running to the coast.

Atlantic; ocean named from the Greek word, meaning "the sea beyond Mount Atlas."

Atlantic; county and city in New Jersey, named from the ocean.

Atlantic; creek in Yellowstone Park, named because it flows from Two-Ocean Pass down the slope toward the Atlantic Ocean.

Atlantic Highlands; borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, so named from its situation, which overlooks the ocean.

Atoka; town in Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory. An Indian word, meaning "in another place," or "to another place."

Attala; county in Mississippi. Attalaville; village in above county. Named for Atala, the heroine of an Indian romance by Chateaubriand.

Attapulgus; village in Decatur County, Georgia. An Indian word, meaning "boring holes into wood to make a fire."

Attica; city in Fountain County, Indiana; village in Wyoming County, New York, and many other places, named for the ancient division in Greece.

Attitah; peak of the White Mountains in New Hampshire. An Indian word, meaning "blueberries."

Attleboro; town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, named from a town in England.

Atwater; village in Kandiyohi County, Minnesota, probably named for Isaac Atwater, early settler of St. Paul.

Atwater; town in Portage County, Ohio, named for Amzi Atwater, an early surveyor in the Western Reserve.

Atwood; city in Rawlins County, Kansas, named for Attwood Matheny, son of the founder, J. M. Matheny.

Aubrey; valley in Arizona, named for an army officer.

Auburn; this name occurs many times in the United States, given in reference to the village in Goldsmith's poem of The Deserted Village.

Audrain; county in Missouri, named for its first settler, Samuel Audrain.

Audubon; mount in Colorado, county in Iowa, and village in Becker County, Minnesota, named for the celebrated ornithologist, John James Audubon. Many other places bear his name.

Aughwick; tributary of the Juniata River, Pennsylvania. An Indian word, meaning "overgrown with brush."

Auglaize; river and county in Ohio, and river in Missouri. A French word, meaning "at the clay or loam," used descriptively.

Augusta; city in Richmond County, Georgia, named for one of the royal princesses.

Augusta; city in Butler County, Kansas, named for the wife of C. N. James, a trader.

Augusta; county in Virginia, and city in Kennebec County, Maine, named for Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, wife of Frederick, Prince of Wales.

Auraria; town in Lumpkin County, Georgia, surrounded by a hilly country containing valuable gold mines. A Latin word, meaning "gold town."

Aurelius; town in Cayuga County, New York, named for the Roman emperor.

Aurora; city in Dearborn County, Indiana, named for the association which laid it out.

Aurora; county in South Dakota, and many other places named from the Latin word, meaning "morning, dawn, east."

Ausable; river and town in Clinton County, New York. A French word, meaning "sandy," or "at the sand."

Austin; city in Mower county, Minnesota, named for Horace Austin, governor in 1870-1874.

Austin; town in Tunica County, Mississippi, named for Colonel Austin, on whose plantation the town was built.

Austin; county and city in Travis County, Texas, and town in Lonoke County, Arkansas, named for Stephen Fuller Austin, the first man to establish a permanent American colony in Texas.

Austinburg; town in Ashtabula County, Ohio, named for Judge Austin, early settler.

Autauga; county in Alabama.

Autaugaville; town in Autauga County, Alabama. From an Indian word said to mean "land of plenty."

Autryville; town in Sampson County, North Carolina, named for a member of the State legislature.

Auxvasse; village in Callaway County, Missouri, named from the French word vasseux, meaning "muddy."

Ava; town in Oneida County, New York, named from the city in Burma.

Avalon; town in Livingston County, Missouri, named from the town in France. Several other places bear this name.

Avery; gores in Essex and Franklin counties, Vermont, named for the original grantee, Samuel Avery.

Avoca; town in Steuben County, New York, named by Sophia White, a resident, in allusion to Thomas Moore's poem, "Sweet Vale of Avoca."

Avon; village in Livingston County, New York, also many other places, named from the river in England, upon which Shakespeare's home was situated.

Avoyelles; parish in Louisiana, named from an Indian tribe. The name was doubtless given to the tribe by the early French.

Axtell; city in Marshall County, Kansas, named for Dr. Jesse Axtell, an officer of the St. Joseph and Grand Island Railway.

Ayden; town in Pitt County, North Carolina, named from the place mentioned in Poe's "Raven," "In the distant Aideen."

Ayer; town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, named for James C. Ayer, a manufacturer of Lowell.

Ayish; bayou in Texas, named from an Indian tribe.

Ayr; village in Adams County, Nebraska, named for Dr. Ayr, of Iowa, a railroad director.

Ayrshire; town in Palo Alto County, Iowa, named for the town in Scotland.

Azalia; village in Bartholomew County, Indiana, named for the flower.

Aztec; village in San Juan County, New Mexico, named for one of the native tribes of Mexico. The word is said to mean "place of the heron." Other interpretations give "white," or "shallow land where vapors arise." Humboldt gives "land of flamingoes." The word azcatl means "ant," but Buschmann says that this word has no connection with the name of the tribe.

B

Babruly; creek in Missouri. The word is a corruption of the French Bois Brule, "burning wood."

Babylon; village in Suffolk County, New York, named from the ancient city in Syria.

Baca; county in Colorado, named for a prominent Mexican family of Trinidad, Colorado. » Bache; mount in California, named for A. D. Bache, Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey.

Baconhill; village in Saratoga County, New York, named for Ebenezer Bacon, tavern keeper in early days.

Bad; river in Michigan, named by the Dakota Indians Wakpashicha, "bad river."

Badaxe; river in Wisconsin and village in Huron County, Michigan. Said to be a translation of the Indian name of the river, Trompeleau or Trempeleau.

Baden; borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, and several other places in the United States, named from the German baths.

Badger; creeks in Iowa, Yellowstone Park, and many other places, so named from the presence of that animal.

Bad Lands; term applied to a region in South Dakota. It is said that the old French voyageurs described the region as "mauvaise terres pour traverser," meaning that it was a difficult country to travel through; from this the term has been carelessly shortened and translated into the present misnomer.