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- Herausgeber: BoD - Books on Demand
- Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
- Sprache: Englisch
- Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024
Joaquín Sorolla (born in Valencia 1863 - died in Cercedilla 1923) is one of the most successful Spanish painters ever. He was a genius in capturing the essence of the scene he was painting. Joaquín Sorolla painted the most wonderful beach scenes, many of them with oxen towing fishing boats. One thing that will surprise you. In spite of Joaquín Sorolla being Spain's most famous painter of beach scenes and fishing boats, there does not appear to be a single seagull in his paintings. So, what animals did he paint? Did he paint birds? Apart from the oxen as draught animals, he painted several horses, pigs, a donkey and sheep when he painted types of people and local dress which made up his vision of Spain, diverse and colorful yet united. More privately, he painted dogs and a cat as pets, superbly catching their soul and character.
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About the authors
Cristina Berna loves photographing and writing. She also creates designs and advice on fashion and styling.
Eric Thomsen has published in science, economics and law, created exhibitions and arranged concerts.
Also by the authors:
World of Cakes
Luxembourg – a piece of cake
Florida Cakes
Catalan Pastis – Catalonian Cakes
Andalucian Delight
World of Art
Hokusai – 36 Views of Mt Fuji
Joaquín Sorolla Landscapes
Joaquín Sorolla Boats
Joaquín Sorolla Beach
Joaquín Sorolla Family
Joaquín Sorolla Nudes
Joaquín Sorolla Animals
Hiroshige 69 Stations of the Nakasendō
Hiroshige 53 Stations of the Tōkaidō
Hiroshige 100 Famous Views of Edo
Hiroshige Famous Vies of the Sixty-Odd Provinces
Hiroshige 36 Views of Mt Fuji 1852
Hiroshige 36 Views of Mt Fuji 1858
Christmas Nativity
Christmas Nativity – Spain
Christmas Nativities Luxembourg Trier
Christmas Nativity United States
Christmas Nativity Hallstatt
Christmas Nativity Salzburg
Christmas Nativity Slovenia
and more titles
Christmas Markets
Christmas Market Innsbruck
Christmas Market Vienna
Christmas Market Salzburg
Christmas Market Slovenia
and more titles
Outpets
Deer in Dyrehaven – Outpets in Denmark
Florida Outpets
Birds of Play
Missy’s Clan
Missy’s Clan – The Beginning
Missy’s Clan – Christmas
Missy’s Clan – Education
Missy’s Clan – Kittens
Missy’s Clan – Deer Friends
Missy’s Clan – Outpets
Missy’s Clan – Outpet Birds
and more titles
Vehicles
Copenhagen vehicles – and a trip to Sweden
Construction vehicles picture book
Trains
American Fire Engines
American Police Cars
American Fireboat
American National Guard
and more titles.
Contact the authors
Published by www.missysclan.net
Cover picture:
Front: “El baño del caballo “ - The Horse’s Bath, 1910
Inside: “Portrait of a Jack Russell”, 1909
Content
Introduction
Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida
Oxen
“Return from Fishing”
“Las Zorreras, Sierra de Guadarrama”
Wild bison, Altamira cave
Nicolas Antoine Taunay, French Army in the Sierra de Guadarrama, 1830
" The return from Fishing, study"
“
La Vuelta de la pesca
” 1894
John Singer Sargent : Essie, Ruby and Ferdinand Wertheimer, c. 1900
Peder Severin Krøyer: Summer Evening at Skagen Beach, 1899
Bullock Cart, Serbia
Model horse drawn cart, Bern, Switzerland
“
La Vuelta de la pesca
” 1898
“Escena de playa”
“Land the catch, Valencia”
“Gray day on Valencia beach”
"
Evening Sun, study
"
“
Sol de la tarde
"
"
Bueyes en el mar
"
"
The Beach, Valencia – Oxen Pulling a Boat
"
“Beach at Valencia
or
Afternoon Sun”
"
Vuelta de la pesca. Playa de Valencia
"
The Leviathan
“Playing in the Water”
Villa Collazzi
"
Oxen pulling Boat
"
"
On the Beach at Valencia
"
“In the Hope of Fishing”
"
A Castilian Oxman
"
El Rocio Romeria procession
Holy Ephysius procession
“Galicia, the Pilgrimage”
“Oxen at the Beach”
Vincent van Gogh: Cart with Black Ox, 1884
Utagawa Hiroshige: Ôtsu: Hashirii Teahouse, 1832
“Sailing Boats”
“Afternoon Sun, Playa de Valencia”
“The Beach at Valencia”
“Babord litt”
“The Lightship at Skagen Reef ”
Horses
“Figuras bajo un emparrado”
“El baño del caballo”
“The Horse Bath, study”
“
Andalucia, The Roundup”
“Avila types”
“
Riding en Croupe, Valencia”
“
Elena and Maria, the Painter’s Daughters, on Horseback in Valencian Period Costumes”
“Grupa valenciana”
“Feria de Abril 15, Sevilla”
“The Bullfighters, Sevilla”
“Before the Bullfight
,
” c. 1900
"The Bread Fiesta (Castilla)"
“Charro a caballo”
“Competencia ecuestra en Ondarreta
”
“El mercado. Extremadura”
“Garrochista, Sevilla”
Photo of Sorolla painting a horse and rider
Diego Velázquez: El príncipe Baltasar Carlos a caballo
Francisco Goya: El 2 de mayo de 1808 en Madrid
Sheep
“
The Carob Tree
”
Richard Ansdell
: A Spanish Shepherd
, 1863
Donkey
“
Caserío de barrios bajos madrileños”
“
La última copla”
“Typical Men of La Mancha”
“Al fonte, Buñol
”
Chevalet
The flight to Egypt
The Holy Family
Donkeys in a Nativity Scene in Caserta
“
Aldeanos leoneses“
“
La Catedral de Burgos
“
Honoré Daumier: Don Quixote and Sancho Panza
Model of a windmill in the Campo de Cartagena Fish
“
El Pescador
"
"
The Fish (Catalonia)
"
"
Watching the Fish
"
“Ayamonte. La pesca del atún”
"
Poster for the Agro-Industrial Exposition 1894
"
Dogs and a cat
“El perro de familia Sorolla”
“Joaquín y su perro
”
"
Sonora y perro en la playa
"
"
Portrait of a Jack Russell
"
“Clotilde y gato y perro”
"
Joaquín Sorolla y su perro
"
“Retrato de Isabelita y Thor”
“El perro tumbado
“
“Jardin de Troya”
“My Wife and Daughters in the Garden”
“Louis Comfort Tiffany
“
Tiffany stained glass figurine of a Dachshound
A Dragonfly, a piece of jewelry from Tiffany & Co
“
Los Guitarristas, hábitos valencianos
”
Birds
“Vendiendo melones”
“
Figuras bajo un emparrado
”
Herding Geese, Cantabria
Pigs
Photograph
of Sorolla painting pigs
for “
El Mercado. Extremadura”.
La Piara
(
study for El Mercado. Extremadura
)
“Extremadura, the Market”
References
Bonus picture: Sorolla :
El becerra - El xatin
– the calf
Photo credits
Introduction
Joaquín Sorolla (born in Valencia 1863 - died in Cercedilla 1923) is one of the most successful Spanish painters ever. He was a genius in capturing the essence of the scene he was painting.
Joaquín Sorolla painted the most wonderful beach scenes, many of them with oxen towing fishing boats. One thing that will surprise you. In spite of Joaquín Sorolla being Spain's most famous painter of beach scenes and fishing boats, there does not appear to be a single seagull in his paintings. So, what animals did he paint? Did he paint birds?
Apart from the oxen as draught animals, he painted several horses, pigs, a donkey and sheep when he painted types of people and local dress which made up his vision of Spain, diverse and colorful yet united.
More privately, he painted dogs and a cat as pets, superbly catching their soul and character.
Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida
Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida (born 27 February 1863 in Valencia – died 10 August 1923 in Cercedilla, Madrid) was a Spanish painter. Sorolla excelled in the painting of portraits, landscapes and monumental works of social and historical themes. His most typical works are characterized by a dexterous representation of the people and landscape under the bright sunlight of his native land and sunlit water.
Sorolla was the eldest child born to a tradesman, also named Joaquín Sorolla, and his wife, Concepción Bastida. His sister, Concha, was born a year later. In August 1865, both children were orphaned when their parents died, possibly from cholera. The children were then cared for by their maternal aunt and uncle, a locksmith
He received his initial art education from the age of 9 in his native town, and then under a succession of teachers including Cayetano Capuz and Salustiano Asenjo. At the age of eighteen he traveled to Madrid, vigorously studying master paintings in the Museo del Prado. After completing his military service, Sorolla, at age twenty-two, obtained a grant which enabled a four-year term to study painting in Rome, Italy, where he was welcomed by and found stability in the example of Francisco Pradilla, the director of the Spanish Academy in Rome. A long sojourn to Paris in 1885 provided his first exposure to modern painting; of special influence were exhibitions of Jules Bastien-Lepage and Adolf von Menzel. Back in Rome he studied with José Benlliure, Emilio Sala and Jose Vellegas Cordero.
In 1888, Sorolla returned to Valencia to marry Clotilde García del Castillo, whom he had first met in 1879, while working in her father's studio. By 1895, they would have three children together: Maria, born in 1890, Joaquín, born in 1892, and Elena, born in 1895. In 1890, they moved to Madrid, and for the next decade Sorolla's efforts as an artist were focused mainly on the production of large canvases of orientalist, mythological, historical, and social subjects, for display in salons and international exhibitions in Madrid, Paris, Venice, Munich, Berlin and Chicago.
His first striking success was achieved with Another Marguerite (1892), which was awarded a gold medal at the National Exhibition in Madrid, then first prize at the Chicago International Exhibition, where it was acquired and subsequently donated to the Washington University Museum in St Louis, Missouri. He soon rose to general fame and became the acknowledged head of the modern Spanish school of painting. His picture The Return from Fishing (1894) was much admired at the Paris Salon and was acquired by the state for the Musée du Luxembourg. It indicated the direction of his mature output.
Portrait of the painter Joaquín de Sorolla y Bastida by José Jiménez Aranda in 1901
Sorolla painted two masterpieces in 1897 linking art and science: Portrait of Dr. Simarro at the microscope and A Research. These paintings were presented at the National Exhibition of Fine Arts held in Madrid in that year and Sorolla won the Prize of Honor. Here, he presents his friend Simarro as a man of science who transmits his wisdom investigating and, in addition, it is the triumph of naturalism, as it recreates the indoor environment of the laboratory, catching the luminous atmosphere produced by the artificial reddish-yellow light of a gas burner that contrasts with the weak mauvish afternoon light that shines through the window. These paintings may be among the most outstanding world paintings of this genre.
An even greater turning point in Sorolla's career was marked by the painting and exhibition of Sad Inheritance (1899), an extremely large canvas, highly finished for public consideration. The subject was a depiction of crippled children bathing at the sea in Valencia, under the supervision of a monk. They are the victims of hereditary syphilis the title implies, perhaps. Campos has suggested that the polio epidemic that struck the land of Valencia some years earlier is present, possibly for the first time in the history of painting, through the image of two affected children. The painting earned Sorolla his greatest official recognition, the Grand Prix and a medal of honor at the Universal Exhibition in Paris in 1900, and the medal of honor at the National Exhibition in Madrid in 1901.
A series of preparatory oil sketches for Sad Inheritance were painted with the greatest luminosity and bravura, and foretold an increasing interest in shimmering light and of a medium deftly handled. Sorolla thought well enough of these sketches that he presented two of them as gifts to American artists; one to John Singer Sargent, the other to William Merritt Chase. After this painting Sorolla never returned to a theme of such overt social consciousness.
The exhibit at the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900 won him a medal of honour and his nomination as Knight of the Legion of Honour, within the next few years Sorolla was honoured as a member of the Fine Art Academies of Paris, Lisbon, and Valencia, and as a Favourite Son of Valencia.
A special exhibition of his works—figure subjects, landscapes and portraits—at the Galeries Georges Petit in Paris in 1906 eclipsed all his earlier successes and led to his appointment as Officer of the Legion of Honour. The show included nearly 500 works, early paintings as well as recent sun-drenched beach scenes, landscapes, and portraits, a productivity which amazed critics and was a financial triumph. Though subsequent large-scale exhibitions in Germany and London were greeted with more restraint, while in England in 1908 Sorolla met Archer Milton Huntington, who made him a member of The Hispanic Society of America in New York, and invited him to exhibit there in 1909. The exhibition comprised 356 paintings, 195 of which sold. Sorolla spent five months in America and painted more than twenty portraits.
Sorolla's work is often exhibited together with that of his contemporaries and friends, John Singer Sargent and Anders Zorn.
Although formal portraiture was not Sorolla's genre of preference, because it tended to restrict his creative appetites and could reflect his lack of interest in his subjects, the acceptance of portrait commissions proved profitable, and the portrayal of his family was irresistible. Sometimes the influence of Velázquez was uppermost, as in My Family (1901), a reference to Las Meninas which grouped his wife and children in the foreground, the painter reflected, at work, in a distant mirror. At other times the desire to compete with his friend John Singer Sargent was evident, as in Portrait of Mrs. Ira Nelson Morris and her children (1911). A series of portraits produced in the United States in 1909, commissioned through the Hispanic Society of America, was capped by the Portrait of Mr. Taft, President of the United States This portrait, which was painted at the White House, is on permanent display at the Taft Museum of Art in Cincinnati, Ohio.
The appearance of sunlight could be counted on to rouse his interest, and it was outdoors where he found his ideal portrait settings. Thus, not only did his daughter pose standing in a sun-dappled landscape for María at La Granja (1907), but so did Spanish royalty, for the Portrait of King
Alfonso XIII in a Hussar's Uniform (1907). For Portrait of Mr. Louis Comfort Tiffany (1911), the American artist posed seated at his easel in his Long Island garden, surrounded by extravagant flowers. The conceit reaches its high point in My Wife and Daughters in the Garden (1910), in which the idea of traditional portraiture gives way to the sheer fluid delight of a painting constructed with thick passages of color, Sorolla's love of family and sunlight merged.
Early in 1911, Sorolla visited the United States for a second time, and exhibited 152 new paintings at the Saint Louis Art Museum and 161 at the Art Institute of Chicago a few weeks later. Later that year Sorolla met Archie Huntington in Paris and signed a contract to paint a series of oils on life in Spain. These 14 magnificent murals, installed to this day in the Hispanic Society of America building in Manhattan, range from 12 to 14 feet in height, and total 227 feet in length. The major commission of his career, it would dominate the later years of Sorolla's life.
Huntington had envisioned the work depicting a history of Spain, but the painter preferred the less specific 'Vision of Spain', eventually opting for a representation of the regions of the Hispanic
Peninsula, and calling it The Provinces of Spain. Despite the immensity of the canvases, Sorolla painted all but one en plein air, and travelled to the specific locales to paint them: Navarre, Aragón, Catalonia, Valencia, Elch, Sevilla, Andalusia, Extremadura, Galicia, Guipuzca, Castile, León, and Ayamonte, at each site painting models posed in local costume. Each mural celebrated the landscape and culture of its region, panoramas composed of throngs of laborers and locals. By 1917 he was, by his own admission, exhausted. He completed the final panel by July 1919.
Sorolla suffered a stroke in 1920, while painting a portrait in his garden in Madrid. Paralysed for over three years, he died on 10 August 1923. He is buried in the Cementeri de Valencia, Spain.
The Sorolla Room, housing the Provinces of Spain at the Hispanic Society of America, opened to the public in 1926. The room closed for remodeling in 2008, and the murals toured museums in Spain for the first time. The Sorolla Room reopened in 2010, with the murals on permanent display.
Sorolla's influence on some other Spanish painters, such as Alberto Play Rubio and Julio Romero de Torres, was so noted that they are described as "sorollista."
After his death, Sorolla's widow, Clotilde García del Castillo, left many of his paintings to the Spanish public. The paintings eventually formed the collection that is now known as the Museo Sorolla, which was the artist's house in Madrid. The museum opened in 1932.
Sorolla's work is represented in museums throughout Spain, Europe, America, and in many private collections in Europe and America. In 1933, J. Paul Getty purchased ten impressionist beach scenes made by Sorolla, several of which are now housed in the J. Paul Getty Museum.
The Spanish National Dance Company honored the painter's The Provinces of Spain by producing a ballet Sorolla based on the paintings.
A high-speed RENFE train station has been named after Sorolla in Valencia.
