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- Herausgeber: Books on Demand
- Kategorie: Sachliteratur, Reportagen, Biografien
- Sprache: Englisch
- Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023
Joaquín Sorolla (born in Valencia 1863 - died in Cercedilla 1923) is one of the most successful Spanish painters ever. He was a genius in capturing the essence of the scene he was painting. Some of the first nudes by Sorolla were gifted to his future father in law, the photographer Antonio Garcia and mother in law Clotilde del Castillo. When Sorolla won a stipend to study in Rome, nudes were obligatory, but his skills developed being able to convey expressions that the jury back in Valencia found morally improper. Sorolla painted two magnificent nudes of his wife, a beautiful tribute to their love. Joaquín Sorolla however, is especially famous for his nudes of happy children and youth on the beach under the dazzling Valencian sun. Please note this book is not a photo-erotic work but part of a bibliography about the painter.
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About the authors
Cristina Berna loves photographing and writing. She also creates designs and advice on fashion and styling.
Eric Thomsen has published in science, economics and law, created exhibitions and arranged concerts.
Also by the authors:
World of Cakes
Luxembourg – a piece of cake
Florida Cakes
Catalan Pastis – Catalonian Cakes
Andalucian Delight
World of Art
Hokusai – 36 Views of Mt Fuji
Hiroshige 69 Stations of the Nakasendō
Hiroshige 53 Stations of the Tōkaidō
Hiroshige 100 Famous Views of Edo
Hiroshige Famous Vies of the Sixty-Odd Provinces
Hiroshige 36 Views of Mt Fuji 1852
Hiroshige 36 Views of Mt Fuji 1858
Joaquin Sorolla Landscapes
Joaquin Sorolla Beach
Joaquin Sorolla Boats
Joaquin Sorolla Animals
Joaquin Sorolla Family
Joaquin Sorolla Nudes
Joaquin Sorolla Portraits
Outpets
Deer in Dyrehaven – Outpets in Denmark
Florida Outpets
Birds of Play
Christmas Nativity
Christmas Nativity – Spain
Christmas Nativities Luxembourg Trier
Christmas Nativity United States
Christmas Nativity Hallstatt
Christmas Nativity Salzburg
Christmas Nativity Slovenia
Christmas Markets
Christmas Market Innsbruck
Christmas Market Vienna
Christmas Market Salzburg
Christmas Market Slovenia
Missy’s Clan
Missy’s Clan – The Beginning
Missy’s Clan – Christmas
Missy’s Clan – Education
Missy’s Clan – Kittens
Missy’s Clan – Deer Friends
Missy’s Clan – Outpets
Missy’s Clan – Outpet Birds
Vehicles
Copenhagen vehicles – and a trip to Sweden
Construction vehicles picture book
Trains
Contact the authors
Published by www.missysclan.net
Cover picture:
Front: " Messalina in the Arms of a Gladiator", 1886
Inside: “Children bathing at Valencia, Setting Sun”, 1910
Content
Introduction
Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida
Female
“Female nude”
1880
“Bacante en reposo”
1886
" La Odalisque”,
Mariá Fortuny
“
Female Nude
or
Baccante
”
“
The Nereids
”
“Messalina in the Arms of a Gladiatorr”
“Después del baño”
“In the Tepidarium
” 1881, Sir Lawrance Alma-Tadema
"
La Pressa
“ - The Press, 1896
“
Desnudo de mujer”
1902
"
Toilet of Venus” (The Rokeby Venus)
1644, Velazquez
Self Portrait,
Las meninas,
1656, Diégo Velázquez
“Desnudo tumbado”
"
Desnudo sentado
" 1906
“Desnudo sentado”
“Clotilde mujer y musa”
1910
“
Sorolla Self Portrait” 1912
"
Desnudo en el divan Amarillo
or
The Drunk Prostitute
"
"
Female Nude
" 1916
Male
"
Desnudo de hombre sentado
" 1883
“Desnudo de Estudio”
“
Desnudo academico”
“
Estudio de cristo”
1883
“Academia del natural”
1887
“Nude with Ball”
1887
Children
“Triste Herencia -
Sad Inheritance
”
1899
“Children at the Beach”
1899
“Boy in Sea Foam”
1900
“
Valencia, Two Little Girls on a Beach”
1904
“Verano”
1904
“
La herida del pie
- The Wounded Foot“ 1909
“
El Niño de la barquíta”
1904
“
Niño en las rocas, Jávea” –
Boy on the Rocks, Jávea 1905
“The Bath, Jávea”
1905
“Niño desnudo, La Granja”
1907
"El baño en La Granja"
1907
“
Niños en el mars, Playa de Valencia
” 1908
“
Boys on the Beach
” 1908
“Children at the Beach”
“El baño, Valencia”
- Going for a Bath, Valencia 1908
“Jugando en el aqua
or
Baño en la playa ”
1908
"
Balandrito
" 1909
“
Children bathing at Valencia, Setting Sun
" 1910
"
Dibujo en la arena” -
Drawing in the sand " 1911
"
Ñino en Cucillas Pala de Valencia
" 1912
“Niños buscando mariscos”
1919
"
Niños en la playa, Valencia
" 1919
Youth
“Nadadores, Jávea”
1905
“The white boat
” 1905
"
Corrienda en la playa
" 1908
"
El baño del caballo” -
The Horse’s Bath 1909
“Morning Sun, Playa de Valencia”
1910
"
Chicos en la playa - Boys on the Beach
" 1910
“Antes del baño”
1909
“
Girl leaving the Bath
“ 1909
“
La niña curiosa” - The Curious Child
1916
“Playing in the Water”
1908
“On the Sands, Valencia Beach”
1908
“To the water”
1908
References
Photo credits
Introduction
Joaquín Sorolla (born in Valencia 1863 - died in Cercedilla 1923) is one of the most successful Spanish painters ever. He was a genius in capturing the essence of the scene he was painting.
Some of the first nudes by Sorolla were gifted to his future father in law, the photographer Antonio Garcia and mother in law Clotilde del Castillo.
When Sorolla won a stipend to study in Rome, nudes were obligatory, but his skills developed being able to convey expressions that the jury back in Valencia found morally improper.
Sorolla painted two magnificent nudes of his wife, a beautiful tribute to their love.
Joaquín Sorolla however, is especially famous for his nudes of happy children and youth on the beach under the dazzling Valencian sun.
Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida
Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida (born 27 February 1863 in Valencia – died 10 August 1923 in Cercedilla, Madrid) was a Spanish painter. Sorolla excelled in the painting of portraits, landscapes and monumental works of social and historical themes. His most typical works are characterized by a dexterous representation of the people and landscape under the bright sunlight of his native land and sunlit water.
Sorolla was the eldest child born to a tradesman, also named Joaquin Sorolla, and his wife, Concepción Bastida. His sister, Concha, was born a year later. In August 1865, both children were orphaned when their parents died, possibly from cholera. They were then cared for by their maternal aunt and uncle, a locksmith
He received his initial art education at the age of 9 in his native town, and then under a succession of teachers including Cayetano Capuz and Salustiano Asenjo. At the age of eighteen he traveled to Madrid, vigorously studying master paintings in the Museo del Prado. After completing his military service, Sorolla, at age twenty-two, obtained a grant which enabled a four-year term to study painting in Rome, Italy, where he was welcomed by and found stability in the example of Francisco Pradilla, the director of the Spanish Academy in Rome. A long sojourn to Paris in 1885 provided his first exposure to modern painting; of special influence were exhibitions of Jules Bastien-Lepage and Adolf von Menzel. Back in Rome he studied with José Benlliure, Emilio Sala and Jose Vellegas Cordero.
In 1888, Sorolla returned to Valencia to marry Clotilde García del Castillo, whom he had first met in 1879, while working in her father's studio. By 1895, they would have three children together: Maria, born in 1890, Joaquín, born in 1892, and Elena, born in 1895. In 1890, they moved to Madrid, and for the next decade Sorolla's efforts as an artist were focused mainly on the production of large canvases of orientalist, mythological, historical, and social subjects, for display in salons and international exhibitions in Madrid, Paris, Venice, Munich, Berlin and Chicago.
His first striking success was achieved with Another Marguerite (1892), which was awarded a gold medal at the National Exhibition in Madrid, then first prize at the Chicago International Exhibition, where it was acquired and subsequently donated to the Washington University Museum in St Louis, Missouri. He soon rose to general fame and became the acknowledged head of the modern Spanish school of painting. His picture The Return from Fishing (1894) was much admired at the Paris Salon and was acquired by the state for the Musée du Luxembourg. It indicated the direction of his mature output.
Portrait of the painter Joaquín de Sorolla y Bastida by José Jiménez Aranda in 1901
Sorolla painted two masterpieces in 1897 linking art and science: Portrait of Dr. Simarro at the microscope and A Research. These paintings were presented at the National Exhibition of Fine Arts held in Madrid in that year and Sorolla won the Prize of Honor. Here, he presents his friend Simarro as a man of science who transmits his wisdom investigating and, in addition, it is the triumph of naturalism, as it recreates the indoor environment of the laboratory, catching the luminous atmosphere produced by the artificial reddish-yellow light of a gas burner that contrasts with the weak mauvish afternoon light that shines through the window. These paintings may be among the most outstanding world paintings of this genre.
An even greater turning point in Sorolla's career was marked by the painting and exhibition of Sad Inheritance (1899), an extremely large canvas, highly finished for public consideration. The subject was a depiction of crippled children bathing at the sea in Valencia, under the supervision of a monk. They are the victims of hereditary syphilis the title implies, perhaps. Campos has suggested that the polio epidemic that struck the land of Valencia some years earlier is present, possibly for the first time in the history of painting, through the image of two affected children. The painting earned Sorolla his greatest official recognition, the Grand Prix and a medal of honor at the Universal Exhibition in Paris in 1900, and the medal of honor at the National Exhibition in Madrid in 1901.
A series of preparatory oil sketches for Sad Inheritance were painted with the greatest luminosity and bravura, and foretold an increasing interest in shimmering light and of a medium deftly handled. Sorolla thought well enough of these sketches that he presented two of them as gifts to American artists; one to John Singer Sargent, the other to William Merritt Chase. After this painting Sorolla never returned to a theme of such overt social consciousness.
The exhibit at the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900 won him a medal of honour and his nomination as Knight of the Legion of Honour, within the next few years Sorolla was honoured as a member of the Fine Art Academies of Paris, Lisbon, and Valencia, and as a Favourite Son of Valencia.
A special exhibition of his works—figure subjects, landscapes and portraits—at the Galeries Georges Petit in Paris in 1906 eclipsed all his earlier successes and led to his appointment as Officer of the Legion of Honour. The show included nearly 500 works, early paintings as well as recent sun-drenched beach scenes, landscapes, and portraits, a productivity which amazed critics and was a financial triumph. Though subsequent large-scale exhibitions in Germany and London were greeted with more restraint, while in England in 1908 Sorolla met Archer Milton Huntington, who made him a member of The Hispanic Society of America in New York, and invited him to exhibit there in 1909. The exhibition comprised 356 paintings, 195 of which sold. Sorolla spent five months in America and painted more than twenty portraits.
Sorolla's work is often exhibited together with that of his contemporaries and friends, John Singer Sargent and Anders Zorn.
Although formal portraiture was not Sorolla's genre of preference, because it tended to restrict his creative appetites and could reflect his lack of interest in his subjects, the acceptance of portrait commissions proved profitable, and the portrayal of his family was irresistible. Sometimes the influence of Velázquez was uppermost, as in My Family (1901), a reference to Las Meninas which grouped his wife and children in the foreground, the painter reflected, at work, in a distant mirror. At other times the desire to compete with his friend John Singer Sargent was evident, as in Portrait of Mrs. Ira Nelson Morris and her children (1911). A series of portraits produced in the United States in 1909, commissioned through the Hispanic Society of America, was capped by the Portrait of Mr. Taft, President of the United States This portrait, which was painted at the White House, is on permanent display at the Taft Museum of Art in Cincinnati, Ohio.
The appearance of sunlight could be counted on to rouse his interest, and it was outdoors where he found his ideal portrait settings. Thus, not only did his daughter pose standing in a sun-dappled landscape for María at La Granja (1907), but so did Spanish royalty, for the Portrait of King Alfonso XIII in a Hussar's Uniform (1907). For Portrait of Mr. Louis Comfort Tiffany (1911), the American artist posed seated at his easel in his Long Island garden, surrounded by extravagant flowers. The conceit reaches its high point in My Wife and Daughters in the Garden (1910, see gallery below), in which the idea of traditional portraiture gives way to the sheer fluid delight of a painting constructed with thick passages of color, Sorolla's love of family and sunlight merged.
Early in 1911, Sorolla visited the United States for a second time, and exhibited 152 new paintings at the Saint Louis Art Museum and 161 at the Art Institute of Chicago a few weeks later. Later that year Sorolla met Archie Huntington in Paris and signed a contract to paint a series of oils on life in Spain. These 14 magnificent murals, installed to this day in the Hispanic Society of America building in Manhattan, range from 12 to 14 feet in height, and total 227 feet in length. The major commission of his career, it would dominate the later years of Sorolla's life.
Huntington had envisioned the work depicting a history of Spain, but the painter preferred the less specific 'Vision of Spain', eventually opting for a representation of the regions of the Iberian Peninsula, and calling it The Provinces of Spain. Despite the immensity of the canvases, Sorolla painted all but one en plein air, and travelled to the specific locales to paint them: Navarre, Aragón, Catalonia, Valencia, Elch e,Seville, Andalusia, Extremadura, Galicia, Guipuzca, Castile, León, and Ayamonte, at each site painting models posed in local costume.
The Drunkard, Zarauz 1910
Each mural celebrated the landscape and culture of its region, panoramas composed of throngs of laborers and locals. By 1917 he was, by his own admission, exhausted. He completed the final panel by July 1919.
Sorolla suffered a stroke in 1920, while painting a portrait in his garden in Madrid. Paralysed for over three years, he died on 10 August 1923. He is buried in the Cementeri de Valencia, Spain.
The Sorolla Room, housing the Provinces of Spain at the Hispanic Society of America, opened to the public in 1926. The room closed for remodeling in 2008, and the murals toured museums in Spain for the first time. The Sorolla Room reopened in 2010, with the murals on permanent display. Sorolla's influence on some other Spanish painters, such as Alberto Play Rubio and Julio Romero de Torres, was so noted that they are described as "sorollista." After his death, Sorolla's widow, Clotilde García del Castillo, left many of his paintings to the Spanish public. The paintings eventually formed the collection that is now known as the Museo Sorolla, which was the artist's house in Madrid.
The museum opened in 1932. Sorolla's work is represented in museums throughout Spain, Europe, America, and in many private collections in Europe and America. In 1933, J. Paul Getty purchased ten impressionist beach scenes made by Sorolla, several of which are now housed in the J. Paul Getty Museum.
Façade of Sorolla Museum at 37 Paseo del General Martinez Campos, Chamberi district, Madrid, image: Zaqarbal
The Spanish National Dance Company honored the painter's The Provinces of Spain by producing a ballet Sorolla based on the paintings. A high-speed RENFE train station has been named after Sorolla in Valencia.
