Medical English für Beschäftigte im Gesundheitsbereich E-Book

Reinhard Laun

• Herausgeber: tredition
• Kategorie: Bildung
• Sprache: Deutsch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016

Seitenzahl: 165

Beschreibung

Seit 1999 organisiert Dipl.-Ing. Reinhard Laun (seit 1975 Berufsschullehrer für Arzthelferinnen & MFA) Medical English Kurse in Chicago und San Francisco. Grundlage des Buches sind die im Unterricht verwendeten Arbeitsblätter.

Leseprobe

Reinhard Laun

MEDICAL ENGLISHfür Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen

MEDICAL ENGLISH

WORKBOOK TEIL I

für Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen

IMPRESSUM

Das Werk und seine Teile sind urheberrechtlich geschützt.Jede Verwertung in anderen als den gesetzlich zugelassenen Fällen bedarf der vorherigen schriftlichen Einwilligung des Autors.

Hinweis zu § 52a UrG: Weder das Werk noch seine Teile dürfen ohne eine solche Einwiliigung überspielt, gespeichert und in ein Netzwerk eingespielt werden.

1.AUFLAGE© Reinhard Laun

Verlag: TREDITION GmbH, Hamburg

ISBN 978-3-7345-4888-8 (Paperback)ISBN 978-3-7345-4889-5 (Hardcover)ISBN 978-3-7345-4890-1 (e-Book)

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1 Introduction to Medical Terminology

1 Introduction to the Human Body

2 The Integumentary System

3 The Skeleton System

5 The Muscular System

6 The Cardio- Vascular System

7 The Digestive System

8 The Urinary System

9 The Respiratory System

10 The Reproductive System

11 The Nervous System

12 The Sensory Organs

13 Everyday words and phrases.

1 Introduction to Medical Terminology

Einführung in die med. Fachsprache (Terminologie)

Viele medizinische Fachbegriffe kommen aus dem Griechischen oder aus dem Lateinischen. Man muss aber nicht perfekt griechisch oder lateinisch sprechen, um die medizinischen Fachbegriffe „zu einem Wortgebäude zusammenbauen“ zu können. Meistens ist es viel einfacher, als man denkt!

Wir unterscheiden in der Hauptsache drei Typen von Wortteilen:

1. Wortstamm („word roots“)

2. Nachsilben („suffixes“

3. Vorsilben („prefixes“)

Beispiel:

An diesem Beispiel sehen wir, dass die Wortendung „-algie“ immer die Bedeutung Schmerzen hat. Wenn wir nun andere Wortstämme mit der Endung „-algie“ kombinieren, bekommen wir entsprechende Wortkombinationen, die alle auf „ - schmerzen“ enden, wie z.B.

Ceph / algie

⇨

Kopfschmerzen

Neur / algie

⇨

Nervenschmerzen

Lumb / algie

⇨

Lendenschmerzen

My / algie

⇨

Muskelschmerzen

Wir sehen also, dass die einzelnen „Wortteile“ der Schlüssel zum Verständnis der medizinischen Fachausdrücke sind.

Word Parts are the Key

Word roots or combining forms usually, but not always, indicate the involved body part. Word roots or combining forms contain the basic meaning of the term.

Compound words can be formed when two or more word roots are used to build the word.

Suffixes come at the end of a word. Suffixes usually, but not always, indicate the disorder, the procedure or the disease.

Prefixes always come at the beginning of a word. Prefixes usually, but not always, indicate location, number, status or time.

Combining Vowels are necessary to make the medical term easier to pronounce. A combining vowel may be needed between the word root and the suffix. The letter “o” ist the most commonly used combining vowel.

Üben und studieren Sie nun gründlich die folgenden Beispiele für „zusammengesetzte Fachbegriffe“!

For example:

hydrotherapy (hydr/o/therapy)

microscope (micr/o/scope)

RULES FOR USING THE COMBINING VOWEL

Rule 1:

Do not place a vowel between a prefix and the word root.

Rule 2:

Do not place a vowel between a suffix and the word root when the suffix beginns with a vowel.

For example: An often used suffix is “-itis” (= inflammation). When the word root “neur/o” ( “neur” means nerve) is joined with the suffix “itis”, the combining vowel is not used because “-itis” begins with a vowel.

neuritis (neur/itis)

Rule 3:

A combining vowel is used when the suffix begins with a consonant.

For example: When the word root “neur/o” ( “neur” means nerve) is joined with the suffix “-plasty” (surgical repair), the combining vowel “o” is used because “-plasty” begins with a consonant.

neuroplasty(neur/o/plasty)

encephalotomy (encephal/o/tomy)

The ending that follows a word root is a suffix. You can change the meaning of a word by putting another part after it.

For example:

gastroduodenoscopy (gastr/o/duoden/o/scopy)

electrocardiography (electr/o/cardi/o/graphy)

appendectomy (append/ectomy)

COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES AND PREFIXES

Here are some examples of combining forms, suffixes and prefixes that are commonly found in medical terms.

COMBINING FORM

MEANING

MEDICAL TERM

GERMAN MEANING

arthr/o

joint

arthritis

arthr/o

joint

arthrosis

arthr/o

joint

arthroscopy

arthr/o

joint

arthralgia

arthr/o

joint

arthrocentesis

arthr/o

joint

arthrodesis

arthr/o

joint

arthrography

arthr/o

joint

arthropathy

bi/o

life

biology

bi/o

life

biopsy

bi/o

life

biorhythm

carcin/o

cancer

carcinoma

carcin/o

cancer

carcinectomy

cardi/o

heart

cardiology

cardi/o

heart

cardiomegaly

cardi/o

heart

cardiologist

cardi/o

heart

cardiologist

cardi/o

heart

cardiomyopathy

cardi/o

heart

cardioplegy

cyst/o

urinary bladder

cystoscope

cyst/o

urinary bladder

cystolith

cyst/o

urinary bladder

cystolithectomy

cyst/o

urinary bladder

cystolithiasis

cyt/o

cell

cytology

cyt/o

cell

cytolysis

cyt/o

cell

cytoplasm

cyt/o

cell

cytotoxin

cyt/o

cell

cyturia

dermat/o derm/o

skin

dermatitis

dermat/o derm/o

skin

dermatic

dermat/o derm/o

skin

dermatosis

encephal/o

brain

encephalopathy

encephal/o

brain

encephalitis

encephal/o

brain

encephalo-graphy

enter/o

intestine

enteritis

enter/o

intestine

enterocentesis

enter/o

intestine

enterectomy

enter/o

intestine

enterocolitis

enter/o

intestine

entero-gastritis

enter/o

intestine

enteromycosis

eryth/o

red

erythrocyte

eryth/o

red

erythrocyturia

eryth/o

red

erythrocyte-metry

gastr/o

stomach

gastroscopy

gastr/o

stomach

gastroscopy

gastr/o

stomach

gastroduo-denitis

gastr/o

stomach

gastrocolo-stomy

gastr/o

stomach

gastrotomy

gyn(a)ec/o

woman

gynaecology

gyn(a)ec/o

woman

gynaecologist

gyn(a)ec/o

woman

gynaecomastia

h(a)emat/o h(a)em/o

blood

haematoma

h(a)emat/o h(a)em/o

blood

haemacytometer

h(a)emat/o h(a)em/o

blood

haemangioma

h(a)emat/o h(a)em/o

blood

haematocrit

h(a)emat/o h(a)em/o

blood

haematology

h(a)emat/o h(a)em/o

blood

haematuria

h(a)emat/o h(a)em/o

blood

haemoglobin

h(a)emat/o h(a)em/o

blood

haemoglobinuria

h(a)emat/o h(a)em/o

blood

haemomanometer

h(a)emat/o h(a)em/o

blood

haemophilia

hepat/o

liver

hepatitis

hepat/o

liver

hepatic disease

hepat/o

liver

hepatalgia

hepat/o

liver

hepatocyte

hepat/o

liver

hepatologist

leuk/o leuc/o

white

leukocyte

leuk/o leuc/o

white

leukocyturia

leuk/o

white

leukaemia

nephr/o

kidney

nephrectomy

nephr/o

kidney

nephrecystitis

nephr/o

kidney

nephrolithiasis

nephr/o

kidney

nephrology

kidney

kidney

nephrologist

nephr/o

kidney

nephropathy

nephr/o

kidney

nephropyelitis

nephr/o

kidney

nephroureter-cystectomy

neur/o

nerve

neurology

neur/o

nerve

neurologist

neur/o

nerve

neurasthenia

neur/o

nerve

neuritis

onc/o

tumor

oncologist

onc/o

tumor

oncogenesis

onc/o

tumor

oncotherapy

opthalm/o

eye

ophtalmo-scope

opthalm/o

eye

ophtalmalgia

opthalm/o

eye

ophtalm-ectomy

opthalm/o

eye

ophtalmia

opthalm/o

eye

ophtalmic surgery

opthalm/o

eye

ophtalmo-tonometry

oste/o

bone

osteoarthritis

oste/o

bone

osteoarthropathy

oste/o

bone

osteoarthrosis

oste/o

bone

osteochondritis

oste/o

bone

osteocyte

oste/o

bone

osteoectomy

oste/o

bone

osteoma

oste/o

bone

osteomalcia

oste/o

bone

osteomyelitis

path/o

disease

pathologist

path/o

disease

pathogenesis

path/o

disease

pathogen

path/o

disease

pathology

psych/o

mind

psychosis

psych/o

mind

psychoanalysis

psych/o

mind

psychology

psych/o

mind

Psychopathic

psych/o

mind

psychosomatic

psych/o

mind

psychotherapy

psych/o

mind

psychotonic

ren/o

kidney

renal

ren/o

kidney

renal

ren/o

kidney

renal failure

ren/o

kidney

renal pelvis

ren/o

kidney

renal transplantation

ren/o

kidney

renal tubule

ren/o

kidney

renal scintigraphy

rhin/o

nose

rhinitis

rhin/o

nose

rhinalgia

rhin/o

nose

rhinopharyngitis

rhin/o

nose

rhinopharynx

rhin/o

nose

rhinoscopy

rhin/o

nose

rhinosinusitis

sarc/o

flesh

sarcoma

sarc/o

flesh

sarcoid

sarc/o

flesh

sarcosis

thromb/o

clotting

thrombocyte

thromb/o

clotting

thrombectomy

thromb/o

clotting

thromboangiitis

thromb/o

clotting

thromboembolus

thromb/o

clotting

thrombolysis

thromb/o

clotting

thrombophilia

thromb/o

clotting

thrombophlebitis

thromb/o

clotting

thromboplastin time

thromb/o

clotting

thrombosis

thromb/o

clotting

thrombus

thromb/o

clotting

thrombocytopenia

SUFFIXES

MEANING

MEDICAL TERM

GERMAN MEANING

-al

pertaining to

neural

-al

pertaining to

anal sphincter

-al

pertaining to

oral cavity

-al

pertaining to

parenteral feeding

-al

pertaining to

neural

-algia

pain

arthralgia

algia

pain

neuralgia

algia

pain

myalgia

algia

pain

ostalgia

algia

pain

gastralgia

algia

pain

nephralgia

-cyte

cell

leukocyte

-cyte

cell

erythrocyte

-cyte

cell

thrombo-cyte

-cyte

cell

osteocyte

-cyte

cell

neurocyte

-cyte

cell

myocyte

-ectomy

removal,

nephrectomy

-ectomy

removal, excision

cholecystectomy

-ectomy

removal, excision

coloproctectomy

-ectomy

removal, excision

spleenectomy

-gram

record

arteriogram

-gram

record

arthrogram

-gram

record

angiogram

-gram

record

electrocar- diogram

-gram

record

encephalo-gram

-gram

record

electro- encephalo-gram

-graphy

process of recording

encephalography

-graphy

process of recording

electrocardiograp hy

-graphy

process of recording

radiography

-graphy

process of recording

pyelography

-ic

pertaining to

gastric

-ic

pertaining to

nephric

-ic

pertaining to

splenic

-ic

pertaining to

hepatic

-ic

pertaining to

epiglottic cartilage

-ism

condition, process

hypothyroidism

-ism

condition, process

hypothymism

-ism

condition, process

hyperthymism

-itis

inflammation

angiitis

-itis

inflammation

encephalitis

-itis

inflammation

menigitis

-itis

inflammation

osteitis

-itis

inflammation

nephritis

-itis

inflammation

myelitis

-itis

inflammation

arthritis

-itis

inflammation

chondritis

-itis

inflammation

rhinitis

-itis

inflammation

pansinusitis

-itis

inflammation

conjunctivitis

-itis

inflammation

hepatitis

-itis

inflammation

appendicitis

-logist

specialist in the study of

neurologist

-logist

specialist in the study of

cardiologist

-logist

specialist in the study of

nephrologist

-logist

specialist in the study of

pathologist

-logist

specialist in

gynaecologist the study of

-logy

study of

gynaecology

-logy

study of

cardiology

-logy

study of

dermatology

-logy

study of

endocrinology

-logy

study of

gastroenterology

-logy

study of

haematology

-logy

study of

neurology

-logy

study of

oncology

-logy

study of

ophtalmology

-logy

study of

pathology

-logy

study of

psychology

-logy

study of

rheumatology

-osis

abnormal condition

arthrosis

-osis

abnormal condition

nephrosis

-osis

abnormal condition

varicosis

-osis

abnormal condition

hepatosis

-scope

instrument to visually examine

coloscope

-scope

instrument to visually examine

rectoscope

-scope

instrument to visually examine

rhinoscope

-scope

instrument to visually examine

bronchoscope

-scope

instrument to visually examine

arthroscope

-scope

instrument to visually examine

colposcope

-scopy

process of visually examination

arthroscopy

-scopy

examination process of visually

otoscopy

-scopy

examination process of visually

amnioscopy

-scopy

process of visually examination

gastroscopy

-scopy

examination process of visually

duodenoscopy

-scopy

examination process of visually

oesophagoscopy

-scopy

examination process of visually

laparoscopy

-sis

state of

prognosis

-sis

state of

diagnosis

-sis

state of

dysostosis

-sis

state of

psychosis

-sis

state of

arthrosis

-sis

state of

chondrosis

-sis

state of

hepatosis

-tomy

process of cutting, incision

anatomy

-tomy

process of incision

duodenotomy

PREFIXES

MEANING

MEDICAL TERM

GERMAN MEANING

a-, an-

no, not

anaemia

a-, an-

no, not

abacterial

a-, an-

no, not

anaesthesia

a-, an-

no, not

analgesia

a-, an-

no, not

amnesia

a-, an-

no, not

anorexia

a-, an-

no, not

anosmia

a-, an-

no, not

anoxia

a-, an-

no, not

anuria

aut/o-

self

autoclave

aut/o-

self

autopsy

aut/o-

self

autogenous

aut/o-

self

autodigestion

aut/o-

self

autoimmune disease

aut/o-

self

autonomic nervous system

aut/o-

self

autosuggestion

dia-

complete, through

diabetes

dia-

complete, through

diabetic coma

dia-

complete, through

dialysate

dia-

complete, through

diarrhoea

dia-

complete, through

diathermy

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dysacousia

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dysaesthesia

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dysentery

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dysfunction

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dyshidrosis

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dyskinesia

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dysmenorrhoea

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dysmnesia

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dysostosis

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dyspepsia

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dysphoria

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dysplasia

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dyspnoea

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dystonia

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dystrophia

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

dysuria

endo-

within

endocarditis

endo-

within

endocrine glands

endo-

within

endocrinology

endo-

within

endodontitis

endo-

within

endolymph

endo-

within

endometritis

endo-

within

endoparasite

endo-

within

endoplasmic reticulum

endo-

within

endoscope

endo-

within

endoscopy

endo-

within

endotracheal tube

exo-

outside

exophoria

exo-

outside

exophthalmus

exo-

outside

exotropia

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperacousia

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperactivity

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperaesthesia

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperalgesia

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperchromasia

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperchylia

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperchylia

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperextension

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperglycaemia

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperhidrosis

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperkeratosis

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperkinesia

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperopia

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperpyrexia

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hypersensitivity

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hypertension

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperthermia

hyper-

excessive, more than normal

hyperventilation

hypo-

below, less than normal

hypochromasia

hypo-

below, less than normal

hypodermic

hypo-

below, less than normal

hypodermic injection

hypo-

below, less than normal

hypoglycaemic shock

hypo-

below, less than normal

hypogonadism

hypo-

below, less than normal

hypometropia

hypo-

below, less than normal

hyposensitive

pro-

before

prodrome

pro-

before

proerythrocyte

pro-

before

prognosis

pro-

before

prolapse

re-

back

reanimation

re-

back

rebleeding

re-

back

rebreathing bag

re-

back

recalcification

re-

back

recall

re-

back

recidivism

re-

back

recurrent

re-

back

reposition

retro-

behind

retroflexion

retro-

behind

retrolisthesis

retro-

behind

retrosternal pain

sub-

under, below

subhepatic

sub-

under, below

sublingual gland

sub-

under, below

subconscious

sub-

under, below

subcutaneous injection

sub-

under, below

subcutis

trans-

across, through

transfusion

trans-

across, through

transurethral

trans-

across, through

transmitter

trans-

across, through

transplantation

1 Introduction to the Human Body

Unser Körper ist ein Wunderwerk, eine geheimnisvolle Fabrik mit vielen Abteilungen. Wir essen, schlafen, bewegen uns, atmen, denken, sprechen, verdauen Speisen und vieles mehr. Dies ist alles nur möglich, weil jede

„Produktionsstätte“, jede einzelne „Fachabteilung“ -wir können auch Organsystem dazu sagen- mit der anderen Fachabteilung eng zusammenarbeitet. Je nachdem aus welcher Blickrichtung wir unseren Körper betrachten, sehen und analysieren wir ihn.

Der Biologe sieht vor allem die Milliarden von Körperzellen, die helfen, den Körper wachsen, gedeihen und mit den verschiedenen Organen zusammenarbeiten zu lassen. Der Chemiker sieht natürlich an erster Stelle die unzählbaren Atome und Moleküle (Atomverbindungen), die in jeder Sekunde unseres Lebens chemische Reaktionen eingehen. Der Physiologe untersucht die grundlegenden Lebensprozesse (z.B. Enzymreaktionen, hormonelle Regelkreise usw.). Für den Ernährungswissenschaftler ist der menschlichen Körper eine Ansammlung von Proteinen, Kohlenhydrate, Eiweiße, Mineralien, Spurenelemente usw..Für den Ingenieur ist der Körper wiederum eine unglaubliche Biomaschine, die sich selbst kontrolliert und gegebenenfalls auch selbst repariert.

Übungsaufgabe:

Beschreiben Sie auf deutsch die folgenden Abbildungen „vom Atom“ zum „Körper“:

Levels of organization

The human body is highly organized from the single cell to the total organism.

The anatomy of the human body is composed of different levels of organization. These levels represent a series of steps. Each level is a building step for the next level.

Fill in the answer blanks with the correct terms for these increasingly larger structures.

Using the following terms: cell, organ system, atoms, organism, organelle, organ, molecules, tissue.

Was gehört zusammen? Bitte durch einen Strich verbinden!

The integumentary system

prepares food molecules for use by the cells of the body.

The skeletal system

sends signals throughout the body.

The skeletal muscles

transports substances to and from body cells.

The nervous system

distributes and exchanges gases between the body and external environment.

The central nervous system

protects and regulates body temperature.

The glands of the endocrine system

produces sex cells.

The circulatory system

consists of the brain and spinal cord.

The respiratory system

contract to produce body movements.

The digestive system

consists of the bones and the articulations (joints).

The urinary system

secrete chemical messages called hormones.

The male reproductive system

controls the composition and volume of the blood. It eliminates wastes.

Grundwortschatz

Für den nachfolgenden Text benötigen Sie einige neue Vokabeln. Bitte lernen Sie die Vokabel auswendig bzw. übertragen Sie die deutsch-englischen Begriffe in Ihr Vokabelheft und helfen Sie sich gegenseitig, indem Sie untereinander in der Gruppe die Vokabeln abfragen.

Verben:

to be part of

to call

to circulate

to compose

to consist of

to contract

to display

to function

to include

to make up

to tend to

to work together

Substantive:

body movement

circulatory system

heart system

muscle cell

organ

organelles

organism

property

tissue

Adjektive:

same

several

Similar

small

smaller

smallest

Wenn Sie diesen Grundwortschatz gut auswendig gelernt haben, dürfte Ihnen die folgende Übung nicht mehr schwerfallen!

Work with a partner

Complete the sentences using the nouns in the box.

Dictate the sentences to each other.

Molecules compose the parts of the cell called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

The _ _ _ _ is the smallest unit displaying the properties of life. Cells tend to specialize. Similar cells function together in a _ _ _ _ _ _ . Muscle cells work together in the skeletal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . These cells contract, producing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . Two or more tissues work together in an _ _ _ _ _ . The _ _ _ _ _ consists of several tissue types. Organs with related functions are part of the same _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

The heart and the blood vessels are organs of the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . They function to circulate the blood throughout the body. All organ systems make up the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . The organ systems of the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ include the nervous, circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems.

heart; human body; muscle tissue; body movement; cell; tissue; organelles; organism; organ system; organ; circulatory system;

Vocabulary:

blood vessels

__________________

body movement

__________________

cells

__________________

circulatory system

__________________

digestive system

__________________

heart

__________________

human body

__________________

molecules

__________________

muscle cells

__________________

muscle tissue

__________________

nervous system

__________________

organ

__________________

organ system

__________________

organelles

__________________

property

__________________

respiratory system

__________________

similar

__________________

to circulate

__________________

to compose

__________________

to consist of

__________________

to contract

__________________

to produce

__________________

to specialize.

__________________

unit

__________________

Match the terms to the following figures.

[     ] skin

[     ] eye

[     ] blood circulation

[     ] respiratory system

[     ] urinary

[     ] endocrine system

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Physiology

A tendency of the body´ s system to maintain the normal physiological states of the organism

Anatomy