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We know at least three different worlds. These worlds differ in the number of dimensions they are moving in. There is the 1-dimensional world of calculating, of mathematics. It always uses and combines numbers, which all can be symbolized by a line of a certain length. Then there is our 3-dimensional physical world of bodies and energies - it exists on the timeline always only in one moment, in the moment, which we call "now". But in our mind the world is existing at least 4-dimensional. That means, we not only see and realize the "now-moment" in which our body is existing, we can remember past times and we can imagine future or fantastic times. And our feelings are connected with our remembering or with planning and hoping for a imagined future. So our feeling needs the 4-dimensional mind. A calculating robot is constructed with 3-dimensional materials, and it is steering 3-dimensional materials. Will that robot be it able to see the world like a living mind does see the world? The first spontaneous answer may be: yes. But is it really so? Or is there a fundamental difference? This is the question the book deals about.
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Dedicated to
Paul McCartney
Paul McCartney describes the main aspect of this book with a few words in his song "The Fool on the Hill". Paul McCartney uses art, but in this book it is tried to argue logically and scientific. But logic cannot always express the essence as art can do.
And to Archie Carr and the Sea Turtles
Archie Carr started fighting to protect the highly endangered sea turtles in the midst of the 20th century. As I love sea turtles, I am very grateful to Archie Carr - he began to start conservation programs for sea turtles, when many of them were close to extinction.
From what I am earning of the selling of that book, I will give 1 Euro to a serious sea turtle saving project, because sea turtles are still very much endangered.
I thank all my family for being patient with me, if I am again deep concentrated in writing, and then sometimes not having the time for other things.
And I thank the German publishing company BoD.
There I can publish my books without much problems and I can publish them, how I want to do it. I am very happy about that.
"But the fool on the hill
Sees the sun going down
And the eyes in his head
See the world spinning round."*
The wise "fool on the hill" is not exactly measuring the world, is not calculating hard data, is not analyzing the world around him point after point and systematically. He is looking from the hill onto his wide surrounding with a holistic view, he sees all together as a whole universe, he opens himself towards the width and wideness of time and space.
Is not inside of everyone of us some of the spirit of this fool on the hill?
*Excerpt from the song text of"The Fool on the Hill" from the Beatles 1967 from the album "Magical Mystery Tour"
There is a huge boundary between calculating computers and imagining and feeling humans: in the way of being and and in the perception. Why? That is what this book is about.
I am not a professional expert in IT or mathematics, but I am interested in these subjects (and other sciences as well) since my youth, that is many years. It may be, that there are important developments I do not know. But on the other side, there is a good chance, that I might see some aspects, that experts do not notice, because I am looking onto these themes more from the outside. Not always it is the only way to understand things from being inside, from being in the middle - it can be that sometimes the view onto something from outside is useful. In German we have a proverb saying: "inside of a forest one cannot see the wood because the trees hinder the view". The experts may judge, if I am able to bring some new interesting aspects into discussion.
AI robots are calculating machines, and for that reason the themes here in this book are circling around the difference of the calculating process and mathematics on one side and the perception of human beings on the other.
The difference is explained with the number of dimensions into which the different worlds of computer and human beings extend. As not every reader may have a clear concept of the four traditional mentioned dimensions (line, area, space, time), there is an explanation of these dimensions in the first chapter.
Computers and robots - even the ones with AI - calculate with mathematical data, with numbers. And these are 1-dimensional. Computers and intelligent robots do the calculation with a hardware, this consists of objects, existing in the 3-dimensional physical body world.
Our human body is also existing in the 3-dimensional physical world of matter and energy. Our human physical body exists for us really only in one moment at once, never at more moments together. And this moment of real existing of our body and all objects around us is moving forward in time. We cannot change this moving in time, we are fixed to this one moving time-point.
But our mind can wander in time: with imagination and remembering. Our mind is thinking and visualizing not in single moments (time-points) but in events, that take time, that last for some time. So our mind moves in a 4-dimensional world. Our feelings are also not point cut, are not only reacting onto the situation in one moment, but are reacting onto greater time realms and developments.
This is a hypothesis. I cannot 100% proof it. So if in future there really should exist robots with emotions and imagination capacity like our human abilities, I will beg pardon from these robots, that I did not see it could be possible. But up to now, from all I know, I cannot believe that robots will become like humans.
I have written already two books in German about the theme with the title: "Künstliche Intelligenz - Werden Roboter mit KI in Zukunft Gefühle haben?" Norderstedt 2018 (Volume 1) and 2019 (Volume 2).
But the theme is not only interesting for German speaking people, that is why I wrote this English summary.
A hint for reading: there is a development in the texts, but the chapters are written that way, that it is most times possible, to read a chapter alone, so that the reader can start at any chapter he likes.
Some aspects will appear more often, because I want to be sure, that I can make clear, what I want to say, and that people coming from very different view-points and background, can understand it.
I feel sorry for not writing in better English, but I cannot afford a professional translator - but I will do my best.
Munich in June 2019, Maria Cura
This chapter is to some extent the basic of all other chapters in this book. I had written it for the end of the book. It shows the relationship of the different dimensions to each other.
After having written the chapter, I realized that it is so fundamental, that I better begin with it. But nevertheless the following chapters can also be understood without reading this part. For the readers who do not like to read all the here mentioned aspects of the different dimensions, I beforehand mention the most interesting and general aspects of the relations of the dimensions to each other:
A lower dimension confines (and in this way individualizes) parts of the higher dimension.
A higher dimension opens new realms of possibilities. These new realms cannot be seen from the lower dimension, from the lower dimension, the new realms only can be theoretically calculated in an abstract way.
Higher dimensions give an overview over lower dimensions.
Higher dimensions give lower dimensions a place, a location in the wider space.
Here even an speculative aspect is mentioned: A dimension higher than the 4 classical dimensions might be the source for the sensation of the meaning of life, it might be the dimension for the mind behind all that exists. From the highest dimension this mind could be looking with holistic understanding onto all the world. And this mind, overlooking everything (everything that was, that is and that will be), would be able to perceive and understand the meaning of everything.
This chapter is quite abstract (the following ones are less abstract). Here the features of the dimensions in relation to each other are described, they are specified for every single one of the four dimensions.
Traditionally there are known four dimensions: line, area, space and time. By now, in astrophysics some scientists speak of much more dimensions. And also different energies are sometimes named dimensions, mathematics has own dimensions-concepts.
But here the four classical dimensions are meant.
Point:
0 dimensions
The point has no dimension, it has no extension in any direction, it only can be or not be ("Yes" and "No").
From only one existing point, one can see and overview nothing.
Line:
1-dimensional
The line is extending in one direction. It is limited by points: by the point of the beginning and by the point of ending. Positions of points on a line make calculating possible. The points individualize the size of the line, they partition the line, so numbers can be connected with the points on the line. Without limiting the length of a line by defining a beginning point and an ending point, the line would expand unlimited, it would be endless (one exception would be, if the line is forming a circle). The points give a part of line "individuality", give it the attribute of a certain length.
The line can be also divided by points. A line gives the possibility to put points onto a certain location, so addition or subtraction can be done, making the length longer or shorter by adding a part of line or taking it away.
Without lines (or higher dimensional objects), points would not be able to be placed somewhere in a definite way.
The line has no width and no height and no altering in time, it has only a length. Therefor the line is not existing out of physical matter, it has no substance. We would not be able to see a 1-dimensional line in our 3-dimensional world, because of it being without substance. But we symbolize lines for example by drawing "lines" on a sheet of paper. But these "lines" we can only see, because they were printed or drawn with real color, color that is made of 3-dimensional color-molecules.
Lines as symbols are ideal to show the size of a number and to compare the sizes of numbers.
If a man would life in a 1-dimensional world, he only could move along one line (if he has also time, so it is more correct to say, he would life within two dimensions, line and time, because without the dimension of time he could not move at all - but here is meant 1 dimension of the room).
In a 1-dimensional world one can look at points on the line, but at no points beside the line. If the points are transparent, one can overlook all the points on a line. If a point is not transparent, one only can look until to this point, but not behind it. For looking behind it, one would need a higher dimension.
If a line is very narrowly curved, it begins looking more like an 2-dimensional area, but it still remains a 1-dimensional line. And a person, that would live in the 1-dimensional world, would not be able to realize the curves of the line, for him the line would be straight, because he would need the understanding of a second dimension to recognize the curves.
Area:
2-dimensional
The area is extending in length and in width.
An area gets both limited by lines and divided by lines (lines that are straight or curved). Without these lines areas would expand endlessly (the exception would only be an flat area where the ends are meeting like in a ring). Limiting lines give areas "individuality".
Without areas (or higher dimensional objects), lines would not be able to be placed somewhere on a definite place.
The area has no height and no altering in time and therefore also cannot exist as matter, it also has no substance. In our mind can exist areas, for example the area of a football pitch, or the area (plot) that is bought for building a house. But in the real world these areas are not really without height, they only are thought without height. In reality for example there are small stones and plants on it, so the area would never be really flat. A picture is nearly an area, but being existing of molecules, it is not really flat. But in mind we can imagine areas that have no height and are timeless. And mathematics can calculate areas.
Areas are the surfaces of our 3-dimensional world. These areas are normally not flat, they have an irregular surface - but this surface is on the topmost surface nevertheless without substance (what you see is the matter beginning at the surface) - otherwise it would itself be an 3-dimensional object with an outer surface. This 2-dimensional surfaces are limiting 3-dimensional objects. Without surface-areas around them, objects would not end, they would expand into the space. So the surface of our body is isolating our body from the surrounding, the circles of an elementary particle of an atom forms a surface around the atom, this "surface" one could say, separates the inside, where the atom begins and the outside, where there is no atom any more.
If a man would life in a 2-dimensional world, he could recognize lines and points, but he would be unable to realize any height, it is a total flat world he would live in. Even if the surface would be not flat, the man could not cross the space outside his area. He is fixed to the 2-dimensional area, he perhaps not even would realize, that the surface is not flat.